Journal of Biology Education starting in 2024 migrates from OJS 2 to OJS 3 to better secure from various unwanted things, including journal hacking and so on. To submit, the author please visit the new website page of our journal at the link https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/ujbe MIGRATION OFFICIAL STATEMENT HERE Journal of Biology Education {e-ISSN 2540-833X | p-ISSN 2252-6579 | | Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang} publishes research articles and conceptual analysis of philosophy, education theory, biology education research, instrument of biology learning tools, biology of learning media, biological experiments developing, and evaluation of biology learning.
Application of E-LKPD Based on Guided Inquiry to Science Process Skills, Cognitive Learning Results, and Learning Motivation of Excretory System Material
The nature of science learning includes science as a product, process and attitude. Science learning creates students to have cognitive, psychomotor, and affective abilities. One of the skills that can facilitate is science process skills (KPS). With good science process skills, students' cognitive learning result are also good. However, conditions in the field found that KPS has not been fully taught, cognitive learning result are unsatisfactory and student motivation is low because the class is teacher-centered, one-way so that the class becomes passive. From these conditions, the right learning tool is needed, namely E-LKPD based on guided inquiry. E-LKPD based on guided inquiry contains activities that invite students to process science properly and purposefully. This study aims to determine the application of E-LKPD based on guided inquiry on science process skills, cognitive learning result, and student learning motivation on excretory system material. This research was designed as a quantitative research with One Shot Case Study design. In this study, the sample used was class XI A1 with a total sample of 32 students based on purposive sampling technique. Science process skills are measured in learning activities and practicum. The indicators used are observing, interpreting, classifying, predicting, formulating problems, formulating hypotheses, using materials, writing and analyzing data, compiling discussions, drawing conclusions, communicating, and applying concepts. The results showed an increase in KPS by 17% after treatment and 97% of students completed the KKM with the indicators used, namely C4, C5, and C6. Learning motivation indicators used are attention, relevance, confidence, and satisfaction. Students' learning motivation is in the good category and the questionnaire results show 100% of students are motivated. From the data above, the E-LKPD based on guided inquiry is effective to be applied to science process skills, cognitive learning result, and student learning motivation on excretory system material
Copyright (c) 2026 Journal of Biology Education
Development of Biology Learning Resource: E-Booklet to Make and Apply Biosilica Fertilizer from Rice Husk
Learning resources for plant growth and development material in Phase F of the Merdeka Curriculum in Indonesia need to be developed with contextual and meaningful content in accordance with biology learning outcomes and support sustainable lifestyles. This research aims to 1) prove validity, 2) analyze practicality, 3) analyze readability, and 4) analyze characteristics of e-booklet from research results with innovations to make and apply biosilica fertilizer. This research is a research and development project. The results of e-booklet development obtained a very valid category based on the assessment results from the validators of content expert and learning media expert. The e-booklet obtained a very practical category based on the results of teacher and student responses. The readability level of the e-booklet was high based on the results of the cloze procedure test. In addition to the innovation of making and applying biosilica fertilizer from rice husk, this learning resource invites students to think creatively to find solutions to environmental problems around them. This e-booklet has some innovations, such as being interactive and equipped with materials in various forms, for instance, text, image, audio, and practicum video. In addition, the e-booklet is integrated with evaluation activities.
E-booklet, Biosilica Fertilizer, Plant Growth and Development Material, Merdeka Curriculum
Developing an E-module to Train Class 10 High School Students' Argumentation Skills in the Material of Spermatophyte Plants Using the Argument-Driven Inquiry Learning Model
Argumentation skills are very important in the 21st century communication skills that students need to master. Technological advances in the 21st century need to be utilized to make teaching materials more effective. Based on the results of interviews with biology teachers at SMA N 12 Semarang, learning biology only uses LKS books with assistance power point and YouTube. The scores of some students in Spermatophyte plant material at basic competency 3.8 and basic competency 4.8 have not fulfilled the KKM (Minimum Completeness Criteria) because learning is still centered on the teacher and causes students' argumentation skills to be untrained. Therefore, teaching materials in the form of e-modules were developed to train class 10 students' argumentation skills in Spermatophyte material using a learning model Argument-Driven Inquiry (ADI). E-module is a teaching material that is arranged systematically that encourages students to learn independently. The ADI Learning Model can train students' argumentation skills. This study aims to analyze the validity, practicality, and effectivenesse-module to train students' argumentation skills. This type of research is research and development (RnD) with the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) development model. Validity data of e-module obtained from the media and material validation questionnaire. Practical data of e-module obtained from student readability, student and teacher response questionnaires. Effectiveness data of e-module obtained from student activity sheets and questions pretest-posttest determined by the test results Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, and N-Gain. Results of validity analysis e-module from the validation of media experts and the material is stated to be very valid. The results of practicality research e-module from the results of the readability test analysis it was stated that it was practical, the results of the analysis from the student responses were 76% (practical) and the teacher's response was 81.3% (very practical). Effectiveness e-module of results N-Gain In the experimental class it is known that only 8% of students are in the high category and 14% of students are in the low category which shows that learning uses e-module ineffective. The student's argumentation skill level reaches level 2. Test Mann-Whitney showed that there was a significant difference in learning outcomes between the control and experimental classes. Wilcoxon test shows a significance value in the experimental class of 0.486>0.05, which means learning to use e-module not effective for improving student learning outcomes. The conclusions of this study are the validity and practicality of e-module very valid and practical for learning, but not effective for increasing the value of learning outcomes.
E-module, Argumentation Skills, Spermatophyte, Argument-Driven Inquiry
Ethnoecological Study of Sendang Surodilogo in Kertek District, Wonosobo Regency as a Learning Resource
This study investigated the ethnoecological characteristics of Sendang Surodilogo, a culturally and ecologically significant spring located in Pagerejo Village, Kertek District, Wonosobo Regency, and developed a profile book as a contextual learning resource for biology education. Using a modified Borg and Gall Research and Development model, the research involved preliminary exploration, field data collection, product design, expert validation, revision, and small-scale field testing. A descriptive exploratory approach was used to document cultural narratives, ecological perceptions, and vegetation diversity around the spring. Data were collected from formal participants (biology teacher and students) and nonformal participants representing three age groups (30, 40, and 50 years old) using interviews, questionnaires, and documentation. The findings revealed that the community possesses strong ethnoecological knowledge reflected through myths, rituals, and conservation practices linked to the symbolic figure of Ki Joko Suro. Vegetation analysis recorded species belonging to Spermatophyta, Pteridophyta, and Bryophyta, each contributing to hydrological stability and microhabitat formation. Expert validation rated the material at 93.61% and media at 91.36%, placing the product in the “very feasible” category. Field testing also resulted in positive responses, with formal participants scoring 85.7% and nonformal participants 85.3%. Overall, Sendang Surodilogo holds substantial ecological and cultural value. Its documentation into a profile book demonstrates strong potential as a contextual biology learning resource, enriching environmental literacy and promoting culture-based science education
Copyright (c) 2025 Journal of Biology Education
Development of e-LKPD with a Scientific Approach to Improve Critical Thinking Abilities and Science Process Skills In Biotechnology
Technological development in the globalization era requires integration of digital media into learning. Students need interactive learning materials that support independent study; therefore, this research aims to develop a scientific-approach-based electronic worksheet (e-LKPD/ Lembar Kerja Peserta Didik Elektronik) on Biotechnology Material. The e-worksheet hopefully valid and effective in improving tenth-grade students’ Critical Thinking Skills (CTS) and Science Process Skills (SPS). This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4D model, consisting of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. The collected data include validity, readability, and the effectiveness of the e-LKPD in enhancing students’ critical thinking and science process skills. A small-scale trial was conducted at SMAN 8 Semarang, while a large-scale trial took place at SMAN 14 Semarang, based on school readiness. The results indicate that the e-LKPD is highly valid according to material and media experts and demonstrates excellent readability based on teacher and student evaluations. Furthermore, the e-LKPD proved effective in improving students’ critical thinking and science process skills into a high category. This research implies that the e-LKPD can serve as a biology learning supplement, functioning both as a biotechnology practicum guide for students and as an supplementary resource for biotechnology learning for teachers.
e- worksheet, e-LKPD, critical thinking skills, science process skills, biotechnology
Profile of Biology Teachers' Skills in Senior High School in Designing Design Thinking-Based Teaching Materials to Improve Students' Critical Thinking, Numeracy, and Creative Thinking Abilities
This study aims to describe the profile of senior high school biology teachers’ skills in designing teaching materials based on Design Thinking to enhance students’ critical thinking, numeracy, and creative thinking skills. A descriptive method was employed using an assessment rubric for product of module and rubric of Design Thinking-based modules covering seven aspects. Data were collected through the evaluation of teaching materials designed by biology teachers, focusing on organic waste management. The results indicate that the overall quality of the modules was categorized as “very good,” with an average validator score of 3.55. Teachers’ skills in applying the Design Thinking stages were also categorized as “very good,” with an average score of 3.68 out of 4.00. The highest scores were obtained in the empathize and define stages (4.00), while the lowest score was found in the test stage (3.29). The integration of 21st-century skills was considered good, with a score of 3.33 for formulating learning objectives and 3.48 for developing critical thinking, numeracy, and creative thinking skills. Overall, teachers demonstrated good competence in designing Design Thinking-based modules, although improvements are needed in prototype testing and the consistent integration of 21st-century skills. This study recommends further training and mentoring to enhance the quality of innovative teaching materials that align with the demands of 21st-century education
Needs Analysis And Design Of Gamification-Based Learning Management System Edukati To Support Flipped Classroom Of Cell Material
The development of digital technology in the era of industrial revolution 4.0 towards society 5.0 demands biology learning that is more interactive, contextual, and relevant to the characteristics of 21st-century learners. However, high school biology teachers still face the challenge of low student understanding of abstract cell concepts, such as organelle structure-function relationships and cell division mechanisms. This material is often understood as rote, while learning media have not fully supported visualization or interactivity. The integration of the flipped classroom model with a gamification-based Learning Management System (LMS) is seen as a potential solution. This research aims to analyze the learning needs of cell concepts in high school and design a gamification-based LMS that is in accordance with the flipped classroom model. This study used an exploratory descriptive approach at the needs analysis stage involving 42 students of class XI MIPA and a biology teacher, which was then positioned as part of the planning stage in the Alessi & Trollip development model (RnD). The results of the needs analysis were then used as the basis for designing the initial design of the gamification-based LMS (design stage). The results of student needs show three aspects, namely the level of understanding of cell concepts is in the medium category (74.5%), while technology readiness (78.5%) and interest in flipped classroom (79.25%) are in the high category. Based on the needs analysis, the learning media were designed using Moodle “Edukati” LMS with gamification elements in the form of points, leaderboards, and multilevel challenges. The Understanding by Design (UbD) principle was used as a reference in formulating the integration of objectives, assessments, and learning activities. The results showed that the initial design of the gamification-based LMS has the potential to support the implementation of flipped classroom learning on cell material and is worth testing in the further development stage.
Cells, Flipped classroom, Gamification, LMS
Bibliometric Analysis of 3D Media Research Trends in Science Education from 2020 to 2025: A Literature Review
Advances in digital technology have triggered a major transformation in the world of education, particularly through the use of technology-based learning media. One innovation that has attracted a lot of attention in recent years is the use of three-dimensional (3D) media in the science learning process. This literature review aims to (1) identify developments in research publications related to the use of 3D media in science education during the period 2020-2025; (2) analyse trends in 3D research in science education based on the number of publications, citations, authors, countries, and contributing journals; (3) Analyse the 3D tools used in the research, and (4) Provide an overview of opportunities and future research directions related to the application of 3D media in science education. The research method used was bibliometric analysis of a literature review assisted by Bibliloshiny software and Microsoft Excel for data tabulation. The database used was Scopus. The analysis resulted in a total of 50 documents analysed from the Scopus database. The results of the study show that (1) publications related to virtual reality in learning have increased, although they are not yet stable; (2) China and the United States have made the largest contributions related to 3D media, with the article with the highest number of citations being by Burley S.K. (2021). Burley S.K. is the author who has contributed the most to 3D media, with Applied Sciences (Switzerland) being the journal with the largest contribution; (3) The results show that 3D printing is the most discussed tool in research; (4) In addition, the study also shows that 3D media has the potential to be an innovation in learning in the future and continues to increase in its development.
The Effect of STEM Problem-Based Learning (PBL) on Student’s Scientific Literacy and Creative Thinking Skills in Ecology Material at SMPN 37 Medan
The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of applying the STEM problem-based learning on student’s scientific literacy and creative thinking skills in ecology material. This study was quasi experimental research with two group pretest posttest design. The population of this research were all of students of class VII SMP Negeri 37 Medan, academic 2024/2025. The sample of this research were taken by using class cluster random sampling technique consisted of eight classes. Class VII-D was experimental class taught by STEM problem-based learning model, Class VII-E was control class taught by conventional. The research instruments were multiple-choice tests to assess scientific literacy and essay tests to assess creative thinking skills. The data were analized by using t-test. The results showed that the STEM-based problem-based learning model had a greater effect on students' scientific literacy and creative thinking skills (p < 0.05) compared to the conventional learning model applied to the control class. Based on the results, it can be concluded that the STEM-based problem-based learning model significantly influenced students' scientific literacy and creative thinking skills at SMP 37 Medan.
Problem-Based Learning, STEM, Scientific Literacy, Creative Thinking, Ecology
The Effectiveness of Discussion Methods Assisted with Wordwall Media to Improve High School Student Learning Outcomes Human Movement System Material
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the wordwall-assisted discussion method in improving high school students' learning outcomes in the Human Movement System material. This study used a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-postest model. The subjects were grade XI students of SMA NU Lemahabang, divided into two groups: the experimental class using the wordwall- assisted discussion method and the control class using the lecture method. Data collection was carried out through pretests, postests, and student response questionnaires. The results showed that in the N-gain value in the experimental class, 82.5% of students experienced an increase in learning outcomes in the moderate to high category. In contrast, in the control class, only 31.25% of students reached that category. Based on these results, 75% of students in the experimental class were declared to have completed the material, while in the control class only 43.75% completed the material. In addition, student responses to the wordwall- assisted discussion method were in the very good category. These findings prove that the wordwall-assisted discussion method is effective in improving students' cognitive learning outcomes. The implications of this research show that combining discussion methods with interactive digital media can significantly improve the quality of Biology learning.
Discussion Method, Wordwall, Learning Outcomes, Human Locomotion System
The Effect of PBL in Teaching at the Right Level Approach on Collaboration Skills and Student Learning Outcomes in Coordination System Material
Based on observations, students’ collaboration skills and learning outcomes in the coordination system material remain low, while the implementation of Problem-based Learning (PBL) has not been optimal. This study aims to analyze the effect of PBL in the Teaching at the Right Level (TaRL) approach on students’ collaboration skills and learning outcomes. The study employed a quasi-experimental method with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The sample consisted of two eleventh-grade biology classes: the control class applied PBL without differentiation, while the experimental class applied PBL-TaRL based on learning styles. Data were analyzed using t-test and N-gain. The results showed that the experimental class achieved higher improvement in collaboration skills than the control class, with the final category being “excellent” and N-gain at a moderate level, while the control class was in the “good” category with moderate N-gain. Learning outcomes also improved, as indicated by the posttest mean score of the experimental class (74.86), which was higher than the control class, with a moderate N-gain. The t-test yielded a significance value of 0.046 < 0.05. Thus, the implementation of PBL-TaRL is effective in enhancing students’ collaboration skills and learning outcomes.
Development of Android-Based Mobile Learning Media on Cell Material to Improve Students’ Learning Outcomes
The widespread use of Android-based devices enables the application of mobile learning as a flexible and effective learning method. The development of the Society 5.0 concept emphasizes that humans are the center of innovation in utilizing technological advances born from the Industrial Revolution 4.0 era. The purpose of this study is to develop Android-based learning media on the structure and function of cell organelles, analyze the effectiveness of the media in improving students' cognitive learning outcomes, and determine the responses of teachers and students to the application of Android-based mobile learning media on the structure and function of cell organelles. The research method Research and Development (R&D) with a modified 4-D model design (Define, Design, Development, and Disseminate). This study involved 42 students from grade XI and biology teachers. The analysis was carried out based on validation tests by experts, analysis of student and teacher questionnaire responses, and analysis of cognitive learning outcomes with N-gain. Teacher and student responses were very good to the use of learning media Structure and Function of Cell Organelles with a value of 96% and 92%. The N-gain analysis for improving cognitive learning outcomes was found to be effective with a value of 0.78 and an effectiveness of 77.95%. The development of this Android-based learning media on the Structure and Function of Cell Organelles received a very positive response from teachers and students, and was found to be feasible and effective in improving students' cognitive learning outcomes.
Development of Digital Atlas with Multiple Intelligences on the Materials of Cell Structure and Function to Improve Cognitive Thinking Ability of Senior High School Students
Cell Structure and Function is one of the biology topics in senior high schools that needs to be concretized, as students cannot directly observe cellular structures and organelles without supporting tools. Learning this material requires observation of illustrations, logical reasoning, collaboration, and independent study. Relying solely on textbooks as the main learning source is considered less effective in mastering the concepts, which results in students’ incomplete cognitive understanding. Therefore, an additional teaching supplement that visualizes the material while accommodating students’ learning styles is necessary. This study aims to describe the characteristics of the developed atlas, analyze its validity, examine teachers’ and students’ responses, and evaluate the effectiveness of the atlas in improving students’ cognitive abilities. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) design with eight stages: identifying potentials and problems, data collection, product design, expert validation, design revision, product trial, product revision, and usage trial. The subjects were XI MIPA A and XI MIPA E students at SMA N 1 Batang in the 2021/2022 academic year. Research instruments included interview sheets, validity sheets, teacher and student response questionnaires, and a 25-item multiple-choice test. Data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative percentages. The results showed that the developed atlas presented schematic illustrations and varied microscopic observations, linked cellular phenomena, encouraged logical reasoning through “let’s reason” prompts, facilitated discussions, and supported independent learning via YouTube videos. The validity test obtained a score of 96.6% (very good) from material experts and 87.5% (very good) from media experts. Teachers’ and students’ responses reached 90.7% and 91.2%, respectively, both categorized as very good. Effectiveness testing indicated improvements in cognitive thinking skills with the following N-Gain scores: remembering (C1) = 0.93 (high), understanding (C2) = 0.80 (high), applying (C3) = 0.76 (high), analyzing (C4) = 0.57 (moderate), and evaluating (C5) = 0.71 (high). Based on these results, the digital atlas incorporating multiple intelligences is proven effective in enhancing students’ cognitive thinking skills.
Development of an Encyclopedia Based on the Local Potential of Batang Gadis National Park (BGNP) as a Learning Resource on Biodiversity for Grade X Senior High School Students
This research aims to develop a biodiversity encyclopedia based on the local potential of Batang Gadis National Park (BGNP) as a learning resource for Grade X students of general Senior High Schools (SMA) and Islamic Senior High Schools (MA). This research is driven by the lack of biodiversity supporting learning resources other than textbooks and student worksheets, where, for every biodiversity material, teachers have to print original pictures of plants/animals along with their morphological characteristics. This research used the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The study was conducted from April to August 2025 at MAN 1 Mandailing Natal. Data collection was carried out through literature review, interviews, and validation questionnaires for material, media, and practicality from biology teachers and students. The data were analyzed quantitatively using a validity formula complemented with criteria, processed through Excel. The research results showed that the material expert validation was 97% (very valid), media expert validation was 100% (very valid), teacher practicality was 97% (very valid), and the small-scale trial of the encyclopedia product obtained a percentage of 94% (very good). Therefore, it can be concluded that the biodiversity encyclopedia of Batang Gadis National Park, Mandailing Natal, is feasible to be implemented as a supplementary learning resource.
Encyclopedia, Local Potential, Biodiversity, ADDIE
Analysis of the Suitability of Teaching Modules with the Implementation of Biology Learning on Ecosystem Material in Grade X of State Senior High School in Medan City for the 2024/2025 Academic Year
This study aims to determine the suitability between planning (teaching modules) and the implementation of biology learning on ecosystem material in class X SMAN in Medan. The research population was Biology teachers and students in class X of public high schools in Medan City that are accredited A and have implemented the Merdeka Curriculum. Samples of Biology teachers (7 people) and students (252 people) were taken purposively from SMAN 1, SMAN 5 and SMAN 12 Medan. Lesson planning data were collected through document analysis of teaching modules while learning data were collected using classroom observation techniques and questionnaires given to students. These data were confirmed and corroborated through teacher interviews. The results showed that the ability of Biology teachers in class X in public high schools in Medan City in developing teaching modules was classified as very good with an average value of 89,10 ± 20,55, while the ability to implement learning based on teaching modules was classified as a good category with an average value of 85,49 ± 5,92. The implementation of learning in the classroom has been by what was planned in the module, although some aspects such as the delivery of learning benefits, application of the model, reflection, evaluation, and, attachment have not been optimal. Both planning and implementation of learning are by the Process Standards in Permendikbud No. 16 of 2022.
Development of Neuroscience-Based E-LKPD on Material Human Mobility and the impact in Critical Thinking Abilities and Student Learning Outcomes
Innovation and variety in engaging learning media are essential for improving the success of the learning process. One of the innovations in learning media development is the creation of a neuroscience-based E-LKPD. This study aims to develop a neuroscience-based E-LKPD with characteristics that can increase student interest and support the learning process, as well as to examine its validity, practicality, and effectiveness. This research is a Research and Development (R&D) study using the ADDIE development model, which consists of the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The subjects of the study were students of SMA Kesatrian 1 Semarang, divided into a control group and an experimental group. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, and tests. The data included product feasibility assessments by material experts and media experts, product practicality evaluations by teachers and students, and product effectiveness based on critical thinking skills and student learning outcomes. Data analysis employed descriptive quantitative analysis, N-Gain tests, non-parametric statistical tests, and assessments of critical thinking ability indicators. The results of the validity test showed that material experts rated the product at 95% (very feasible) and media experts at 100% (very feasible). Practicality analysis showed a score of 93% (very practical) based on teacher responses and 97% (very practical) based on student responses in small-scale testing. The N-Gain test results indicated that the control class achieved a score of 54.30 (medium-low category, less effective), while the experimental class scored 69.38 (medium-high category, fairly effective). The classical completeness of the control class was 56% with an average score of 69.88, while the experimental class reached 81% with an average score of 80.66. Results of the non-parametric Mann–Whitney test revealed a significant difference between the learning outcomes of the control and experimental classes. Analysis of critical thinking ability indicators showed an average score of 58% for the control class and 81% for the experimental class. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the developed neuroscience-based E-LKPD is feasible, practical, and effective in improving students’ critical thinking skills and learning outcomes.
E-LKPD, Neuroscience, Critical Thinking, Learning Outcomes
The Practicality of Augmented Reality Digestive System (ARDis) Media Based on Hyperlipidemia Research as an Accentuation of Students' Science Literacy
One of the factors causing the current low scientific literacy is the limited learning media that has not been able to bridge scientific concepts with empirical reality. The coverage of scientific literacy indicator content in existing media tends to be unbalanced because it only emphesizes theoretical aspects without real-life context. This study aims to develop a ARDis media based on the research "Hyperlipidemia" on the digestive system material that is practical to improve students' scientific literacy. This study uses the Research and Development method with the Alessi & Trollip model which includes the planning, design, and development stages. The research subjects consisted of Biology teacher and students of SMAN 13 Semarang. Data collection instruments included questionnaires and tests. The practicality of the product was assessed through pre-tests and post-tests. The results showed that the ARDis media has very practicality based on the results of assessments by teacher with a score of 98% and students 87,14%. The effectiveness of the ARDis media is demonstrated through students' classical completeness with a score of 94,4% and the results of the N-gain test of 0,66 (moderate category). Thus, it can be concluded that the ARDis media based on the research "Hyperlipidemia" is practical and effective to use as a learning media to improve students' scientific literacy in biology learning, especially in the digestive system material.
Development of TPACK-based E-Modules on Explant Sterilization and Somaclonal Diversity as Learning Media for Biology Students
This study aims to determine the feasibility of TPACK-based E-Modules on the subject of Explant Sterilization and Somaclonal Diversity as learning media for biology students. The assessment is conducted based on evaluations by subject matter experts, media experts, and learning experts. In addition, this study seeks to gauge the responses of lecturers and students to the developed E-Modules and to test their effectiveness. This research utilizes a Research and Development (R&D) methodology following the 4D model, which includes the stages of defining, designing, developing, and disseminating. The effectiveness of the TPACK-based E-Module was assessed using N-Gain analysis. The results of the study indicate that the feasibility of the E-Module, according to subject matter experts, is rated at 85.83% (very valid), media experts at 82.79% (very valid), and learning experts at 92.75% (very valid). Faculty responses achieved an average percentage of 91.72% (highly feasible). Student responses were divided into three stages: individual trials at 93.05% (highly feasible), small group trials at 89.58% (highly feasible), and large group trials at 91.97% (highly feasible). Based on the N-Gain test, a value of 0.69 was obtained, which falls into the moderate category. Therefore, the developed TPACK-based E-Module is deemed suitable and sufficiently effective for use as a learning medium for biology students.
Effectiveness of PjBL-JAS-based Student Worksheets on Environmental Change Materials to Improve Students' Problem Solving Ability and Creativity
The change in curriculum to the Merdeka Curriculum provides a lot of changes in learning strategies, approaches, methods and models. Students need learning methods that can bring them to have the ability to be responsive to local, national and global issues and play an active role in providing problem-solving solutions. The purpose of this study was to test PjBL and JAS-based learning using student worksheets as learning tools. Students are asked to actively discuss, observe, explore and create a product. The N-Gain test results show that student worksheets are effective for improving students' problem solving skills and creativity. Problem solving ability and creativity of experimental class students are better when compared to control class students. The Mann-Whitney Test results show that there is a significant difference in value between the control class and the experimental class. Classical learning completeness of experimental class students was better than control class students.
Analysis of Students' Self-Efficacy Toward Biology Learning Outcomes in Grade X at SMA Negeri 1 Jakenan Under the Implementation of the Independent Curriculum
The purpose of this study was to analyze students’ self-efficacy in relation to their Biology learning outcomes in Grade X at SMA Negeri 1 Jakenan during the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum. This research is correlational in nature and employs a quantitative approach. The research method used was a survey in the form of a questionnaire. The sampling technique applied was purposive sampling, with a total sample of 72 tenth-grade students from SMA Negeri 1 Jakenan. Learning outcome data were collected through summative assessments, while self-efficacy data were obtained via a questionnaire. The self-efficacy questionnaire consisted of 40 statement items using a Likert-type scale. The correlation between variables was tested using the Pearson Product Moment correlation test, and the strength of the relationship was measured using a simple linear regression analysis. The result of the Pearson Product Moment correlation test was 0.242, indicating a positive relationship between students’ self-efficacy and their Biology learning outcomes in Grade X at SMA Negeri 1 Jakenan during the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum, with a low correlation impact of 5.9 percent. Self-efficacy contributes only 5.9 percent to the learning outcome scores, suggesting that other factors also influence students’ academic performance.
Self-efficacy, Learning outcomes, Curriculum.
Improving Understanding of Students Digestive Concepts with PALED 3D Learning Media
The 3-dimensional LED board of the digestive system (PALED 3D-SD) is a learning media that was developed on the basis of analyzing the problems and needs of students. Based on the results of observations in the field, students still have difficulty in learning, especially in understanding the concept of the human digestive system material so that it has an impact on learning outcomes that are not optimal. This is due to the character of the material of the digestive system that cannot be sensed directly by the five senses of students. The learning media used so far have not optimally facilitated students' understanding of concepts. The availability of visual media (torso) of the human digestive system in schools has not been able to display a wide range of material, namely showing the flow of human digestive bioprocesses. This study aims to analyze the validity of the PALED 3D-SD media developed according to media experts and material experts, analyze the practicality of the media according to teachers and students, and analyze the effectiveness of the media in improving students' conceptual understanding through indicators of N-gain test results, class classical completeness, and average difference test. This research is a type of R&D (research & development) research using the ADDIE model through the analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The validity test of PALED 3D-SD media was obtained from the assessment of 2 media experts and 2 material experts. The practicality test of the media used samples from class XI MIPA 9 and teachers at SMA N 5 Semarang, while the media effectiveness test through a quasi-experimental design used samples from class XI MIPA 5 (control class) and XI MIPA 6 (experimental class) at SMA N 12 Semarang. The results of the media validity test show that the PALED 3D-SD media is very valid according to media experts and material experts. The results of the media practicality test show that the PALED 3D-SD media is considered very practical according to students and teachers. The results of the media effectiveness test show that PALED 3D-SD is effective in improving students' conceptual understanding based on the results of the N-gain test which is in the medium category, the results of classical class completeness are obtained by the percentage of completeness that has met the effective criteria and is higher than the control class, and the test results average difference statistic which shows that there is a difference in learning outcomes (concept understanding) between the group that learns to use PALED 3D-SD and the group that learns to use video. The conclusion based on this research is that the PALED 3D-SD media developed is valid, practical, and effective in improving students' conceptual understanding.
The Effectiveness of the Problem Based Learning Model Assisted by News on Ecosystem Material on Students Conceptual Understanding and Collaboration Skills at SMAN 6 Tangerang
Students' low concept understanding and collaboration skills are one of the problems in the learning process, students still cannot formulate solutions to problems given by the teacher and cannot collaborate well. The Merdeka Curriculum can be an alternative solution to change learning to be more innovative and student-focused. One of the key aspects of the Merdeka Curriculum is its emphasis on problem-solving oriented learning related to real-life situations and the development of collaboration through joint problem solving, namely through the use of the news-assisted Problem Based Learning model. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of news-assisted Problem Based Learning on students' conceptual understanding and collaborative skills. The method used in this study is quantitative, located at SMAN 6 Tangerang. The population in this study is all 10th grade students at SMA Negeri 6 Tangerang in the academic year 2025/2026. The research sample was taken using purposive sampling techniques. The research method used was a pre-experimental method with a One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. This study was conducted by measuring concept understanding using a test sheet administered before the treatment (pretest) and after the treatment (posttest), measuring collaboration skills using an observation sheet conducted by an observer, a student response questionnaire on the learning model, and a learning implementation assessment sheet conducted by the biology teacher. The results of this study are: (1) there was an increase in KKTP ecosystem material after treatment, namely 79%, (2) the N-Gain value was 0.63, which is in the moderate category, (3) there was an increase in collaboration at each meeting, and (4) the results of student responses to news-assisted Problem Based Learning showed a score of 82%, which is in the very good category. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the news-assisted Problem-Based Learning model for ecosystem material is effective in enhancing students' conceptual understanding and collaborative skills.
Problem Based Learning, News, Conceptual Understanding, Collaboration Skills
Project-Based Learning (PjBL) Integrated with STREAM-ESD in Kombucha Tea Production to Enhance Students’ Critical Thinking Skills
This study aims to examine the effectiveness of STREAM-integrated Project-Based Learning This study investigates the effectiveness of a Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model integrated with the STREAM–ESD (Science, Technology, Religion, Engineering, Arts, Mathematics – Education for Sustainable Development) approach in enhancing junior high school students’ critical thinking skills within the topic of biotechnology. Utilizing a quasi-experimental design, the research was conducted on Grade IX students in South Cianjur, West Java, through a kombucha tea production project grounded in real-world application and interdisciplinary inquiry. The intervention involved four stages: problem definition, data collection, building, and utilization. Results from pretest and posttest assessments revealed a significant increase in critical thinking skills in the experimental group (N-Gain = 0.7057, high category) compared to the control group (N-Gain = 0.4514, moderate category), with statistical tests confirming a meaningful difference (p < 0.05). The findings demonstrate that the integration of STREAM and ESD into PjBL fosters analytical thinking, creativity, and moral reasoning through contextual learning experiences. Moreover, the inclusion of ethical and religious perspectives encouraged students to consider the social and spiritual implications of scientific practices. This research contributes to the ongoing discourse on educational innovation by offering a sustainable, student-centered, and culturally responsive model for science education aligned with the goals of Indonesia Emas 2045 and the UN Sustainable Development Goals
The Influence of Practical Learning on Circulatory System Material on Social Emotional Competence and Students' Conceptual Understanding
The “Kurikulum Merdeka” emphasizes the active involvement of students in designing solutions to various problems through a contextual approach. One of them is through the application of a practicum method that allows students to link abstract concepts with real experiences. In this process, students need to have the ability to manage their own emotions and understand the feelings of others in order to resolve conflicts constructively. Social emotional competence is an important factor in building interactions between students while supporting understanding of the material being studied. This study aims to examine the effect of practicum learning on the circulatory system material on students' social emotional competence and conceptual understanding. The research method used is Pre-Experiment with One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. The study was conducted at SMA Negeri 3 Semarang in the 2024/2025 academic year, involving three grade XI classes as samples. The data collection method used a Social Emotional Competence observation sheet, a learning implementation questionnaire, and a concept understanding test. The results of the study showed that practicum learning had a significant effect on improving conceptual understanding. In addition, the relationship between practicum learning and social emotional competence showed a moderate correlation (r = 0.527). There is also a significant positive relationship between conceptual understanding and social emotional competence with a moderate correlation level. Thus, practical learning has a positive effect on improving students' conceptual understanding and social emotional competence.
The Effect of Implementing the Problem Based Learning Model on Student Learning Outcomes at SMA Negeri 13 Semarang on the Topic of Environmental Changes
The quality of education is greatly influenced by innovations in the learning process. Teacher-centered learning models often cause students to be passive and lose motivation, thus requiring models that actively involve students. This study aims to analyze the effect of implementing the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model on student learning outcomes, particularly in the cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects, on the topic of Environmental Changes at SMA Negeri 13 Semarang. This study uses a quasi-experimental method with a nonequivalent pretest-posttest design involving two classes: the experimental class used the PBL model, while the control class used a conventional model. Learning outcome data were collected through tests, observations, and interviews, then analyzed quantitatively and descriptively. The results show a significant improvement in the learning outcomes of students in the experimental class compared to the control class, in cognitive, affective, and psychomotor aspects. The conclusion of this study is that the implementation of the PBL model affects student learning outcomes on the topic of environmental changes. This is supported by hypothesis testing, including t-tests, n-gain tests, classical learning completeness tests, and analysis of learning outcomes in affective and psychomotor aspects. The contribution of this research to science is providing empirical evidence on the effectiveness of the PBL model in learning, as well as offering innovative solutions to improve student learning outcomes comprehensively.
BOR Learning Video Development (Based on Obesity Research) to Improve Motivation and Understanding of the Digestive System Concept High School Students
Observation results at MAN 1 Grobogan showed that there were students in grade XI MIPA who had difficulty understanding the digestive system material and had low learning motivation. The learning process tends to be teacher-centered, so that student interest is reduced, even though learning media such as YouTube have been used. However, because the media is not research-based, this causes students to misunderstand the concept of the digestive system. This study aims to analyze the feasibility and test the effectiveness of BOR learning videos for increase motivation to learn and understanding of the concept of the digestive system of high school students. The type of research used is Research and Development . The sample of this study were students of grades XI and XII MAN 1 Grobogan. The data collected were (1) Data on the feasibility of the video which included the validity of the material and media, teacher responses, and student responses. (2) Data on the effectiveness of increasing learning motivation and understanding of the concept. The results of the study showed, 1) The learning video of high school students was declared suitable for use because it met three aspects, namely: a) The results of the material validity of 97% (very valid) and the media validity of 98% (very valid), (b) Teacher responses of 97% (very good), c) Student responses of 87.5% (very good). 2) Learning video effective increase learning motivation with an N-gain value of 0.7 (moderate category). 3) Effective learning videos improve students' conceptual understanding with an N-gain value of 0.5 (moderate category). The conclusion is that the BOR learning video is suitable for use in learning and is able to improve students' learning motivation and conceptual understanding in learning the digestive system material.
Development of an Interactive E-Module Based on Project Based Learning (PjBL) Integrated with Pancasila Student Profile Strenghtening Project (P5) in Learning Plant Growth and Development
The teaching materials in the current Merdeka Curriculum have not yet fully met students' needs. Based on a needs analysis, it was found that there is a demand for teaching materials that can integrate the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5) with the learning process. Initial observations also showed that students’ creativity and science process skills were at a low level. Therefore, this study developed an interactive e-module based on Project Based Learning (PjBL) integrated with P5 on the topic of plant growth and development. The purpose of this research was to examine the validity, readability, effectiveness, practicality, and describe the characteristics of the developed e-module. This research employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). The e-module was proven to be highly valid based on evaluations by content experts and media experts. The e-module demonstrates a high level of readability. The e-module was shown to be effective in enhancing students’ creativity and science process skills, as evidenced by cognitive and performance test results. Feedback from both teachers and students indicated that the e-module is highly practical for classroom use. Overall, the developed e-module has shown characteristics that integrate P5 activities on the topic of plant growth and development through project based learning.
Implementation of Problem-Based Learning Based Multiple Representations to Improve Critical Thinking, Communication, and Collaboration Skills on Digestive System Material
The purpose of this study is to analyze the effectiveness of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model with multiple representations to enhance students' critical thinking, communication skills and collaboration skills in the digestive system material. The study was Quasi-Experimental using non equivalent control group design, with the subjects being students of classes XI-1, XI-2 and XI-3 at SMA Negeri 14 Semarang, selected through purposive sampling. The independent variable in this study was the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model with multiple representations, while the dependent variables were students' critical thinking, communication skills and collaboration skills. The research results showed that Students' critical thinking skills in the experimental class that implemented PBL model with multiple representations were higher (89,97) than the control class (58,8). The improvement in critical thinking skill of experimental class students had higher N-gain criteria (0.85) than the control class (0.45). Students' oral communication skills in the experimental class that implemented PBL model with multiple representations were higher (81) than the control class (29). Students' written communication skills in the experimental class that implemented PBL model with multiple representations were higher (99) than the control class (83). Students' collaboration skills in the experimental class that implemented PBL model with multiple representations were higher (94) than the control class (60). Based on the result, it can be concluded that the PBL model with multiple representations was effective in improving students’ critical thinking, creativity, communication skills in the digestive system material.
The Effect of Digital Snakes and Ladders of Human Excretion on The Motivation and Analytical Skills of High School Students
The excretory system material is a material that has complex concepts and problems. This complexity requires interesting learning media facilities such as digital snakes and ladders game media. The aim of this research is to analyze the influence of digital snakes and ladders in human excretory system material on motivation and to analyze the influence of digital snakes and ladders in human excretory system material on students' analytical abilities. This research is a quantitative research with a one group pretest-posttest pre-experimental design. The sampling technique is purposive sampling. The population of this study were all class XI students of SMA N 1 Mlonggo. The sample used was 90 students. The instruments used are self-reflection sheets and tests. In this research, student learning motivation was analyzed descriptively quantitatively. Students' analytical abilities were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test. The research results can be concluded that the average learning motivation after using digital snakes and ladders media is in the high category with a percentage of 79%. The result of students' analytical skills is that Ho is rejected where the probability or significance level is 0.000 (p value ≤ 0.05). This shows that the average pretest and posttest scores are significantly different. Based on these results, it shows that digital snakes and ladders in the human excretory system material have an effect on increasing students' motivation and analytical skills.
Analytical skills, Digital snakes and ladders, Motivation
Development of Practical Instructions Based on Scientific Approach on Blood Circulation System Material to Improve Students' Science Process Skills
The purpose of this study was to develop practical instructions based on a scientific approach to the material of the blood circulation system that were feasible and effective to improve students' science process skills. The research design used was development research or R&D (Research and Development) using the 4D (Four-D) model stages, including: Define, Design, Development, and Dissemination. This study did not reach Dissemination. These practical instructions were developed through feasibility and effectiveness tests. Data collection tools include questionnaire instruments and observation sheets. The questionnaire instrument was made using a Likert scale which is used to measure the feasibility of practical instructions in learning. The observation sheet used is to create indicators of science process skills to measure students' science process skills. Based on the results of the study, the practical instructions were declared very feasible with a percentage value of 98.33% by media experts and by material experts getting a percentage value of 92.18%. In the effectiveness test, it was declared effective in improving science process skills with a percentage gain at the 1 st meeting of 58,14% with medium criteria increasing to the 4 st meeting of 97,04% with high criteria. Based on the results of data analysis in this study, it was concluded that the product of practical instructions based on a scientific approach was very feasible and effective in improving students' science process skills in the blood circulation system material.