Revealing the Hidden Burden and Risk Factors of Mental Health Disorders

Abstract

Mental health diseases are a major issue in Indonesia, as evidenced by mental–emotional disorders rising from 6.1% in 2018 to 9.8% in 2021, the reported prevalence of depression being that of up to 6.6%. However, even though national-level data are available, evidence from the specific region regarding the prevalence and risk factors in Bogor is still scant. Including used dataThis study: 2017-2018 NCD Bogor City Knowledge Risk Factor Cohort. The aims were to assess the prevalence of mental health disorders and associated factors and risk profile for each factor. 3,784 people participated. Bivariate and logistic regression analyses were used to identify risk factors. In Bogor City, the prevalence of MHD is reported at 21.4%. Multivariable analysis revealed factors associated with the outcome: below-median income (less than Rp. 3,557.146) (aOR=1.801; p=0.001), age 26-45 (aOR=1.328; p=0.001), male (aOR=1.731; p=0.001), and incomplete elementary education (aOR=1.919; p=0.006). In contrast, completion of only elementary education (aOR = 2.064; p = 0.019), heart disease (aOR = 1.773; p = 0.017), and heavy physical activity (aOR = 1.561; p = 0.001) were found to significantly influence the risk of mental health disorders (MHD) (p = 0.002). Overall, Bogor City exhibits a high prevalence of MHD, with multiple demographic and health-related risk factors contributing to this condition, including low income, age 26–45, male gender, incomplete elementary education, lack of health insurance, comorbid heart disease, and engagement in heavy physical activity.