Unnes Science Education Journal starting in 2024 migrates to better secure from various unwanted things, including journal hacking and so on. To submit, the author please visit the new website page of our journal at the link https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/usej MIGRATION OFFICIAL STATEMENT HERE Unnes Science Education Journal [p-ISSN 2252-6617 | e-ISSN 2502-6232 | DOI 10.15294/usej] published by Department of Integrated Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang Collaborate with Perkumpulan Pendidikan IPA Indonesia contains scientific research articles of science education, chemistry, physics, and biology; conceptual articles and Classroom Action Research {CAR}. Starting from 2022, this journal published articles three times in a year ie April, August and December. This journal contains innovative learning topics, development of learning tools, curiculum design, assessment, and the up to date scientific researchs view Focus and Scope. Abstracted/Indexed in Dimensions, SINTA, GARUDA, more.. Accreditation Certificate: 2023-2027
Development of A Teaching Module Containing Islamic Values on the Material of the Human Reproductive System to Strengthen Students’ Critical Thinking Abilities in Madrasah Aliyah
The purpose of this research is to develop and implementation of a teaching module containing Islamic values on the human reproductive system material to improve critical thinking. The development research method used ADDIE (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation). Data were obtained analysis, questionnaires, and tests (pre-post). The module was analyzed by expert validators. Data analysis techniques used descriptive analysis and statistical analysis. The results of the study showed that the characteristics of the teaching module were interactive. The teaching module was packaged with an attractive visual design and systematic layout, the integration of verses from the Qur’an and Hadith related to the human reproductive system, and the presence of special features such as Islamic Values and Critical Thinking designed to stimulate students’ critical thinking skills so that students were interested in reading it. The validity value of the teaching module was declared very valid based on the assessment of media experts at 93.80% and material experts at 97.04%. The practicality value of the teaching module was declared very practical based on the teacher’s assessment at 89.24% and the student’s assessment at 85.69%. The value of increasing students’ critical thinking skills was analyzed through N-Gain analysis per indicator with an average result of 0.85 (high). It can be conclude that the teaching module has interactive.
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Development of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Ethnoscience Based Teaching Materials Food and Beverage Additives Material to Improve Students’ Science Literacy
This study aims to develop Problem-Based Learning (PBL) teaching materials integrated with an ethnoscience approach on the topic of food and beverage additives to enhance students’ scientific literacy. The research was motivated by the low level of scientific literacy among Indonesian students, as indicated by the 2022 PISA results, which suggest that science learning remains largely theoretical and insufficiently connected to local cultural contexts. The ethnoscience approach integrates scientific concepts with indigenous cultural knowledge, while the PBL model promotes active learning, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the 4D model, consisting of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate stages. The research subjects were eighth-grade students at SMP Islam Sunan Giri Salatiga. Research instruments included expert validation sheets for materials and media, student response questionnaires, and scientific literacy tests. Data were analyzed using descriptive quantitative and qualitative techniques to determine the feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness of the developed teaching materials. The results indicate that the PBL–ethnoscience-based teaching materials are highly valid, with average validation scores of 89.38% from material experts and 87.68% from media experts. Student responses were categorized as very good, with scores of 80.61% on a small scale and 81.45% on a large scale. The N-gain analysis showed improvements in scientific literacy at high (41.94%), moderate (38.71%), and low (9.68%) levels. These findings demonstrate that PBL–ethnoscience-based teaching materials effectively improve junior high school students’ scientific literacy and can serve as a reference for culturally integrated science learning.
Formative Assessment Practices Using a Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) Approach in the Context of Mie Des in Science Learning
This study aims to describe the implementation of formative assessment using the Culturally Responsive Teaching approach by integrating Mie Des as a local cultural context in science learning and to examine students’ responses to this practice. Using a descriptive qualitative design, data were collected through classroom observations, interviews, and documentation during three learning sessions on heat transfer. The results show that formative assessment was implemented through open-ended questions, reflections, group discussions, rapid and constructive feedback, the use of student worksheets, and the use of digital media. These activities helped students connect scientific ideas with their cultural experiences, increased their engagement, and strengthened their confidence in learning science. Students demonstrated active participation and emotional involvement, although some focused more on cultural aspects than scientific reasoning. The study concludes that integrating local culture into formative assessment can enhance scientific understanding, cultural awareness, and student engagement, while providing valuable feedback for designing responsive and contextually meaningful science learning.
A Vitual Reality Digital Comic: Fostering Environmental Literacy through Baduy Local Wisdom
The objectives of this study are developing and evaluating the effectiveness of a digital comic based green chemistry instructional materials integrated with Virtual Reality (VR) and Baduy local wisdom to improve students’ sustainable environmental literacy. Utilizing Research and Development (R&D) method using 4D model, all instructional components (VR digital comic, teaching module, test instruments, and questionnaires) were validated by experts and deemed highly valid (Aiken’s V > 0.80). A try out of the VR digital comic media with small scale revealed enggaging category with an average percentage exceeding 90%. The Independent Sample t-Test in the experimental and control classes showed a statistically significant difference in posttest scores (Sig. <.001), proving a substantial increase in learning outcomes in the experimental class. Environmental literacy analysis based on the National Environmental Literacy Assessment (NELA) indicators supports these findings: the experimental group achieved a high-level criterion (score: 190) compared to the control group (score: 169). The most prominent improvement in the experimental class was observed in the knowledge and cognitive skills dimensions. The implementation of this learning innovation effectively improves students’ environmental literacy, particularly in knowledge and cognitive skills. Nevertheless, the development of deeply internalized environmental attitudes and behaviors may require more time and a more in-depth approach. However, but this innovation shows significant potential in shaping a generation responsible for environmental issues.
Implementation of Augmented Reality-Based Pop-Up Books to Enhance Elementary Students’ Understanding of Ecosystem Concepts
This study aims to implement and examine the effectiveness of an Augmented Reality (AR) based Pop-Up Book in enhancing elementary students’ understanding of ecosystem concepts. The research employed a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design, involving 139 fifth-grade students from five elementary schools in Surabaya City, Indonesia. The research instruments consisted of a concept comprehension test, observation sheets, and a student response questionnaire. Data were analyzed using a paired-sample t-test and the Normalized Gain (N-Gain) calculation. The findings revealed a significant improvement in students’ learning outcomes, with an average pretest score of 62 and posttest score of 89, resulting in an N-Gain of 0.70, which falls within the high category. Moreover, the classical mastery level reached 100%, and the student response rate toward the media was 98%, categorized as very positive. The AR-based Pop-Up Book proved to be effective in helping students comprehend ecosystem concepts, as it enables them to visualize interrelationships among organisms, energy flow, and biotic–abiotic components in a concrete, engaging, and interactive manner. Furthermore, this medium enhanced students’ motivation, participation, and engagement throughout the learning process. Hence, the AR-based Pop-Up Book can serve as an innovative, contextual, and effective science learning medium aligned with the characteristics of 21st century learners.
Implementation of Problem-Based Learning Assisted by PhET Simulation to Improve Students’ Understanding of Mirror Concepts and Learning Engagement
Physics is one of the subjects that students find difficult to understand. Physics is not only a science that requires memorization, but also requires a deep understanding of its concepts. Physics studies natural phenomena physically and is written in mathematical form, thus emphasizing the aspect of conceptual understanding. In addition to conceptual understanding, another important aspect is student involvement in the learning process. One important topic that needs to be studied is mirrors. The topic of mirrors will be easier to understand if it is practiced so that students can understand it better. Therefore, Phet simulation media is needed. The purpose of this study is to explain the differences in understanding the concept of mirrors between students who use PBL plus PhET and students who use regular PBL, as well as to analyze the differences in student engagement in learning about mirrors between students who use PBL plus PhET and students who use regular PBL. The population in this study consisted of 64 students from MA Mathalibul Huda and 64 students from MA Darul Hikmah Menganti. Data collection methods included tests, observations, and documentation. The collected data were analyzed using N-Gain and t-tests. Based on the research results, there is a difference in concept comprehension between the PBL Plus and regular PBL learning models, with the PBL Plus class achieving a higher average post-test score of 81.03, while the regular PBL class achieved an average post-test score of 62.31. The N-Gain value - Gain of the regular PBL class was 0.22, while the N-Gain value of the PBL Plus class was 0.58, which is categorized as moderate. The T-test resulted in a sig value (2-tailed) of 0.00 < 0.05. Thus, it can be concluded that the PBL Plus learning model is effective in improving students’ conceptual understanding of mirror material. In addition, there is also a difference in student learning engagement between the PBL Plus class and the regular PBL class, where PBL Plus shows that the category of active students is higher than that of the regular PBL class based on 4 indicators of student learning engagement.
Exploring Learners’ Concept Understanding of Static Electricity: A Scientific Literacy Case Study in a Malaysian Primary School
Understanding static electricity can be challenging for elementary students due to its abstract nature. As the ability to explain scientific phenomena is a key indicator of scientific literacy, contextual and interactive learning experiences are essential. This study aimed to explore the level of understanding of the concept based on a case study in a Malaysian primary school. This study investigated the implementation of a guided inquiry-based static electricity experiment and analyzed the scientific literacy outcomes of Grade 3 students in a Malaysian elementary school. Using purposive sampling, 28 students participated in a simple practicum that involved using a ruler and paper pieces, supported by a worksheet and a nine-item Likert-scale questionnaire to assess their scientific literacy. Data analysis confirmed normal distribution, with literacy scores indicating strong performance: 81% in understanding and explaining phenomena, 85% in designing and evaluating scientific inquiry, and 88% in applying scientific information for decision-making. Skewness values of 0.035, -0.836, and -0.917, respectively, suggest consistent data patterns. Despite overall positive results, the lowest score highlights the need to strengthen concept understanding. Findings demonstrate that simple, experiment-based learning can foster cognitive development and scientific literacy, emphasizing the role of teacher guidance in linking everyday experiences to scientific concepts.
Trends and Mapping of STEAM-based Interactive Media: A Systematic and Bibliometric Review
Integrating interactive digital media with the STEAM approach is considered a potential solution to increase student engagement, creativity, and critical thinking. This study aims to systematically review the development and implementation of STEAM-based interactive learning media for education during 2016-2025. The method used was a systematic literature review by analyzing national and international publications relevant to STEAM integration, interactive media design, and learning outcomes in science education. In addition, this study also used a bibliographic analysis method. From 409 initial articles, 66 articles were selected for full review, and 16 articles met the inclusion criteria. Content analysis was conducted to examine the types of media, pedagogical approaches, education levels, and reported learning outcomes. All studies reported that interactive media have high validity and practicality, and are effective in improving concept understanding, learning independence, and student engagement. The findings show that STEAM-based interactive media significantly improves students’ conceptual understanding, critical thinking, and creativity, as well as fostering motivation and reducing misconceptions. Furthermore, research trends highlight the increased adoption of web-based platforms, gamification, and contextual visualization to create meaningful learning experiences.
Development of E-LKPD Biotechnology Banana Yoghurt for Person and Product Creativity Students Phase E
This study aims to determine the level of validity and practicality of E-LKPD; the effectiveness of E-LKPD; and the relationship between person and product dimensions of creativity in the experimental class. The research method used is RnD with a 4-D model. The research design used is a quasi-experimental design with a posttest-only design with nonequivalent groups. The study was conducted in one of the schools in Yogyakarta with a small-scale subject of 33 students and a large-scale of 71 students. Data collection techniques used interviews, observations, and questionnaires. The instruments used include questionnaires on learning experiences, materials, media, validation, practitioners, and students; questionnaires on person and product dimensions assessment; and learning implementation. The analysis techniques used are PERMANOVA, Independent Samples T-Test, Mann-Whitney U, and Spearman correlation. Based on the results of the research, the conclusion is E-LKPD has a high-very high level of validity according to experts and the level of practicality of students shows good results. The effectiveness of the product shows a PERMANOVA value of 0.0003 which indicates that there are simultaneous differences in both dimensions in the control and experimental classes; shows a difference in the person dimension with the Mann-Whitney U value and the product dimension of the practicum report with the Independent Samples T-Test value of 0.002; shows a significant relationship of 0.001 with a correlation coefficient of 0.515 which means a strong and positive relationship.
E-LKPD, Biotechnology, Banana Yoghurt, Creativity
The Effectiveness of the STEM Integrated PBL Model on Science Collaboration and Problem-Solving Skills
This study aimed to examine the effect of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model integrated with STEM on students’ collaboration and problem-solving skills. It employed a quasi-experimental method using a pretest-posttest control group design. The population included all seventh-grade students of SMP Negeri 1 Plupuh in the 2024/2025 academic year. The sample was selected through cluster random sampling, with Class VII C designated as the experimental group and Class VII D as the control group. Data were collected through tests, observations, and documentation. The data were analyzed using an independent t-test with a significance level of 0.05. The analysis revealed that the STEM-integrated PBL model had a significant effect on students’ problem-solving skills, with a significance value of 0.028 (< 0.05), because this learning provides a holistic, real, collaborative learning experience and encourages higher-level thinking. While the collaboration skills showed a significance value of 0.011 (< 0.05) because the learning process emphasizes group work in solving real problems, thus encouraging interaction, shared responsibility, productive communication, and positive interdependence between group members. These findings indicate there is an effect of implementing Problem Based Learning (PBL) integrated with Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) on students’ collaboration and problem-solving skill. Problem Based Learning (PBL) integrated STEM allows students to broaden their horizons, discuss and collaborate in problem solving, encourage students to refine their knowledge through discussion, communicate in groups and respect each other when there are differences of opinion, critically assess group processes and work, provide feedback, and agree on the best solution, which directly improves various aspects of collaboration and develops competencies to address the complex challenges of their future.
Local Wisdom of Mangrove Utilization in a Remote Coastal Village in Kubu Raya, West Kalimantan: An Ethnoscience Perspective for Contextual Science Education
Science education can be enriched by integrating local culture and wisdom, particularly through the exploration of mangrove ecosystems. Mangroves not only play an essential ecological role but also embody local knowledge that can be linked to scientific concepts. This study aims to identify and describe the local wisdom of the Nipah Panjang, Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan community in utilizing various mangrove species as a source of contextual science learning. A descriptive qualitative design with an ethnopedagogical approach was employed, combining literature review, document analysis, and brief field observations. The findings reveal that six dominant mangrove species, Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Excoecaria agallocha, Rhizophora apiculata, and Rhizophora mucronata, are utilized in diverse ways according to their biological traits and bioactive compounds. Their uses include construction materials, firewood, charcoal, traditional medicine (e.g., for eye treatment, anti-inflammatory purposes, and gastric remedies), and support for honeybee cultivation. Such practices highlight the integration of ethnoscientific knowledge with science concepts, including ecosystem adaptation, plant structure, wood properties, and bioactive compounds. By bridging modern science with local wisdom, science education can become more contextual and meaningful, while fostering environmental awareness and a conservation-oriented mindset toward coastal ecosystems.
Development of a Research-Based Digital Teaching Supplement on Heavy Metal Pollution to Equip Junior High School Students with Digital Literacy Skills
Heavy metal pollution is an environmental problem that directly impacts human health and the sustainability of aquatic ecosystems. Research indicates that the issue of heavy metal pollution can be used as a contextual learning resource to foster students’ digital literacy skills and environmental awareness. Preliminary observations at SMP Negeri 1 Boja revealed that students’ digital literacy skills remain relatively low, indicating the need for innovative learning resources to enhance these competencies. This study aims to develop a research-based digital teaching supplement on heavy metal pollution to equip junior high school students with digital literacy skills. The research employed the ADDIE model, comprising the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The study involved eighth-grade students at SMP Negeri 1 Boja during the 2024/2025 academic year. Data analysis used descriptive statistics to assess validity and practicality, as well as percentage achievement analysis to evaluate students’ digital literacy. The results show that: (1) material expert validation scored 91.54% (very feasible) and media expert validation scored 93.07% (very feasible), (2) student responses indicated a practicality score of 93.06% (very practical), and (3) students’ digital literacy averaged 85.74% (very good) across the five aspects: accessing (90.00%), selecting (83.97%), understanding (90.15%), evaluating (80.44%), and producing (84.12%). These findings demonstrate that the developed research-based digital teaching supplement is highly feasible, highly practical, and effective in equipping students with strong digital literacy skills.
Effectiveness of Interactive Multimedia Based on Project Based Learning to Enhance Student Learning Creativity
This research aims to determine the effectiveness of using interactive multimedia based on project-based learning on the creativity of students regarding the human respiratory system material in the 8th grade of MTs Negeri Kota Depok. The type of research used in this study is experimental research with a pre-experimental design in the form of a one group pretest posttest design, with a quantitative research approach. In this research, sampling was conducted using total sampling technique with class 8 F as the research sample. The results showed that the average score of student learning outcomes after the application of powtoon learning media was 81.5625 while before being treated was 36.015625. In addition, there was an increase in student learning outcomes after the implementation of project-based learning-based interactive multimedia by obtaining an average gain value of 0.712 which was at high criteria. As for the n-gain percent obtained 71.2, it is on the criteria of being quite effective. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the use of interactive multimedia based on project-based learning is effective in enhancing students’ creativity in the material of the human respiratory system for eighth-grade students at MTs Negeri Kota Depok.
Development of Integrated Learning Supplements on Islamic Values for Reproductive System Materials to Enhance Critical Thinking Skills and the Religious Character of MA Students
In today's global era, education not only emphasizes cognitive aspects and critical thinking skills but also character formation and the internalization of moral values. One of the main challenges for Madrasah Aliyah is to integrate Islamic values into science learning so that students excel intellectually and have a strong religious character. This research aims to develop a valid and effective learning supplement that integrates Islamic values for use in reproductive system materials to strengthen students' critical thinking abilities and religious character. This research uses the ADDIE development model (Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation), with data collected through interviews, observations, questionnaires, and tests (pre-post). The supplement was analyzed by experts in content and media and was tested on students from class XI IPA1 and XI IPA2 at MAN 2 Semarang and MAN Salatiga. Data analysis techniques used descriptive analysis and statistical data analysis. This supplement is declared very valid by media experts (93.37%) and material experts (95.49%), with a high readability level (88.18%). Strengthening critical thinking skills is shown through the N-Gain analysis per indicator with an average score of 0.82 (high category) and the religious character of students is indicated through the N-Gain analysis per indicator with an average score of 0.82 (high category).
Development of a Research-Based E-Module on the Medicinal Plant Kesum (Polygonum minus) as an Antidiabetic for Enrichment of P5 Activities in Senior High School
The implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum at the senior high school (SMA) level emphasizes the execution of the Pancasila Student Profile Strengthening Project (P5), which instills character values and local wisdom. However, the learning modules utilized in P5 typically draw inspiration from online sources and frequently neglect to incorporate local potential. On the other hand, the increasing prevalence of diabetes in Indonesia has become an urgent public health issue, while the use of local medicinal plants such as kesum (Polygonum minus) has not been widely integrated into contextual learning in schools. This study aimed to develop a research-based e-module on the medicinal plant Kesum (Polygonum minus) as an antidiabetic, integrated with the Projek Penguatan Profil Pelajar Pancasila (P5). The development followed the ADDIE model, which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Data were collected through teacher interviews and validation by nine experts in content, media, and language. Validation results indicated that the e-module was highly valid for use, with an average score of 86.82%. The practicality of the e-module was tested in a small group trial (1students), yielding a score of 80.75% (practical category), and in a large group trial (60 students), resulting in a score of 82.45% (highly practical category). The e-module was designed to support project-based learning by addressing local issues, strengthening students’ scientific literacy, and promoting local wisdom values. Therefore, this e-module is considered suitable as a contextual learning resource for implementing P5 in senior high schools.
Development of a Sway-Based Electronic Module Using a STEM Approach to Enhance Students’ Scientific Literacy
Scientific literacy is one of the abilities that encourages students to solve problems. Students still struggle to apply concepts to solve problems in everyday life, presenting a challenge for schools to develop teaching materials that train students’ scientific literacy skills in analyzing and solving problems related to Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics. This study aims to analyze the characteristics, validity, practicality, and effectiveness of the Sway e-module STEM Approach in improving students’ scientific literacy skills. E-modules on the human respiratory system material were developed using the ADDIE development model, with 113 students as research subjects. The results of the study showed that (1) The validity of the Sway e-module STEM approach has a very valid category based on the assessment of five raters. (2) Sway e-module STEM Approach have the ideal characteristics that an e-module with a very good category should have. (3) STEM-based Sway e-modules are very practical to use in the learning process. (4) Sway e-module STEM Approach are effective in improving students’ scientific literacy skills, with an average n-gain of the experimental class of 0.50 and the control class of 0.29. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that e-modules that integrate the STEM approach and are presented using Microsoft Office Sway are more effective in improving students’ scientific literacy skills, especially in the aspect of evaluating and designing scientific questions with indicators of proposing ways to explore scientifically the questions given, with an n-gain of 0.79.
Fostering Critical Thinking in Biology Education Through a TGT-Based Digital Interactive Module
The advancement of 21st century education demands learning media that not only deliver subject content but also develop students’ critical thinking skills through interactive and collaborative experiences. This study aims to develop a digital interactive module based on the Team Games Tournament (TGT) model for the excretory system topic to enhance students’ critical thinking. The research employed the 4D development model, which includes the stages of Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate. The Define stage involved a needs analysis through interviews, questionnaires, and curriculum reviews. In the Design stage, the module was created by integrating interactive elements such as videos, animations, quizzes, and problem-solving tasks based on the TGT framework. The Develop stage included expert validations and limited trials with 30 tenth-grade students, using instruments such as validation sheets, response questionnaires, and critical thinking tests based on Facione’s indicators. Validation results showed that the module was highly valid, with scores of 98.67% from media experts and 99% from subject experts. The practicality score was also high, with 97.23% from teachers and 90.67% from students. The module’s effectiveness was demonstrated by a significant increase in students’ critical thinking, with an average N-Gain score of 0.83 (high category). These findings indicate that the TGT-based digital interactive module is valid, practical, and effective, and it can serve as an innovative learning resource for improving students’ critical thinking in biology education.
Development of STEM-Based E-Modules Integrated with Ethnoscience to Improve Creative Thinking Skills in Biotechnology Materials for Grade X Students
Creative thinking skills are part of the 21st century skills that need to be mastered and developed. Therefore, innovative teaching materials are needed that can help develop creative thinking skills. This development research aims to produce teaching materials in the form of STEM-based e-modules integrated with ethnoscience that are feasible, practical, and effective for students and teachers. The instruments used are needs analysis in the form of teacher interview guidelines and teacher and student needs questionnaires, material and media expert validation sheets, and practicality sheets. Then the effectiveness sheet in the form of pretest and post-test sheets. Based on the results of data analysis, media validation scored 99.2%, material validation results scored 88.23%, teacher response questionnaire results scored 98%, and student response questionnaire results scored 93.26%. The effectiveness assessment resulted in an average N-Gain score of 0.83 which is included in the highly criteria. Therefore, it can be concluded that this ethnoscience-integrated STEM-based e-module is feasible, practical, effective, and can facilitate the development of students’ creative thinking skills.
Integrated Interactive E-Module for Project-Based Learning to Enhance Independence and Conceptual Understanding of Alternative Energy
This study aims to develop an interactive e-module integrated with the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model to enhance junior high school students’ independence and understanding of alternative energy concepts. Using the ADDIE-based Research and Development (R&D) method, the process included analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. Expert validation, along with readability and practicality tests involving students, was conducted using various instruments, including questionnaires and pretest-posttest evaluations. The e-module achieved high validity, with Aiken's V scores of 0.94 for both media and content. It also gained high readability (84.3%) and practicality (89%) scores. The Wilcoxon test (p < 0.001) and a normalized gain of 0.75 indicated a significant improvement in students’ conceptual understanding. Additionally, the rate of learning independence increased by 85%. The Mann-Whitney test confirmed significant differences between experimental and control groups, proving the module's effectiveness in digital and contextual science learning. Overall, the e-module is effective for project-based science education. The study recommends applying similar approaches in other subjects and integrating advanced technology to support personalized and effective learning in the 21st century.
Analysis of the Validity and Readability of E-Supplement Based on Problem Based Learning Assissted Augmented Reality to Improving Students’ Critical Thinking Skills
This study aims to analyze the validity and readability of Problem Based Learning (PBL)-based e-supplements assisted by Augmented Reality in improving students’ critical thinking skills. Learning by utilizing teaching materials in the form of e-supplements integrated with PBL and Augmented Reality learning models is expected to provide a significant contribution to improving students’ critical thinking skills, as well as providing new insights in developing effective digital teaching materials. This study usedthe research and development (R&D) method but only up to the small-scale trial stage. The subjects of this study were grade XI students of SMA N 6 Surakarta. The data instruments used in this study were media and material validation questionnaires and readability questionnaires. The product validity criteria are seen from the assessment of media and material expert validators, while the readability criteria are seen from the results of student response questionnaires. The results of the study showed that the validity of the product was declared very valid with an average of 94.5% for media experts and 93.7% for material experts. The readability value was considered very good with an average of 89.8%. Based on the research results obtained, it can be concluded that PBL-based e-supplement assisted by Augmented Reality is feasible and has the potential to improve students’ critical thinking skills.
Ethnoscience E-Supplement for Critical Thinking and Cognitive Outcomes
Most education systems have not fully supported the development of students’ critical thinking skills, partly due to the limitations of teaching materials that only refer to textbooks. Complex material such as Earth Structure requires a more contextual and meaningful approach. One strategy that can be used is the development of ethnoscience-laden e-supplementary teaching materials that link the material with local wisdom. This study aims to analyze the validity, practicality, effectiveness, and characteristics of Ethnoscience-Laden E-Supplement Teaching Materials to improve students’ critical thinking skills and cognitive learning outcomes. The research used the ADDIE development model with instruments in the form of questionnaires, validation sheets, pretests, and posttests. The results showed that the E-Supplement was feasible to use in learning, with material validity of 94% and media of 95% (very valid category). The E-Supplement was also effective in improving critical thinking skills (average 69%, high category) and cognitive learning outcomes (N-Gain 61%, moderately effective category). Practicality was rated very well by teachers (97.67%) and students (85%). The characteristics of the E-Supplement are contextual, practical, and easy to use, and they raise the ethnoscience of the Sikidang Crater legend to increase student involvement and understanding in learning.
Integrating the Certainty of Response Index (CRI) with Environmental Literacy and Creative Thinking Indicators to Analyze Misconceptions in Renewable Energy Learning among Vocational High School Students
This study investigates vocational high school students’ misconceptions about renewable energy concepts using the Certainty of Response Index (CRI) and examines their relationship with environmental literacy and creative thinking skills. A descriptive quantitative design with a diagnostic approach was employed. The instruments consisted of a three-tier multiple-choice test for environmental literacy and a two-tier essay test for creative thinking, both validated through Aiken’s V (V = 0.75–1.00; valid–highly valid) and piloted prior to implementation. CRI analysis revealed substantial misconceptions, particularly in energy transition (67%) and marine energy utilization (50%). Students demonstrated stronger understanding of concrete topics (e.g., fossil energy impact, IoT integration) but struggled with abstract or unfamiliar content. Creative thinking performance was weakest in originality and elaboration, with errors linked to limited contextual exposure and insufficient inquiry-based learning opportunities. Notably, high confidence often accompanied incorrect reasoning, indicating entrenched misconceptions. Statistical analysis indicated a moderate positive correlation between environmental literacy and creative thinking (r = 0.56, p < 0.05). These findings highlight the potential of integrating CRI-based diagnostics with STEAM–SDGs-oriented, project-based, and contextual learning to address misconceptions, enhance environmental literacy, and develop students’ creative capacity. Such strategies are critical to bridging the knowledge–action gap and preparing students to tackle sustainable energy challenges in the era of the green economy.
The Effect of Using Augmented Reality (AR) Assembler to Improve Scientific Explanation and Student Interest in Science Learning
This study aims to analyze the effect of using Augmented Reality (AR) assisted by Assembler in improving the ability of scientific explanation and student interest in learning science. The method used was quasi-experimental with a one-group pretest-posttest design on 20 seventh grade students of SMP Muhammadiyah 3 Depok. Data were collected through scientific explanation ability test and learning interest questionnaire, then analyzed using Paired Sample t-test and Cohen’s d to measure the intervention effect. The results showed a significant increase in scientific explanation ability and interest in learning. The highest scientific explanation indicator is in claim, while interest in learning is dominated by aspects of attention and feelings of pleasure. The findings prove that Augmented Reality (AR) is effective as an innovative learning media to improve the understanding of science concepts and students’ learning motivation. The implications of the research encourage the integration of Augmented Reality (AR) technology in the science curriculum to create interactive and meaningful learning experiences.
Enhancing Student Sustainability Awareness in Science Education: A Systematic Literature Review
Sustainability awareness in secondary school students is an important element in modern education that aims to address global challenges such as climate change and environmental degradation. This study used a systematic literature review (SLR) approach to evaluate the level of sustainability awareness, the effectiveness of learning media, and the challenges of implementing sustainability-based learning. The analysis was conducted on 10 articles selected based on strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, using the PRISMA method and NVivo software. Results show that students' emotional awareness is at the highest level, followed by sustainability knowledge, while behavioral awareness is still low. Education for Sustainable Development (ESD)-based learning media proved most effective, followed by web-based applications and learning modules. Key challenges include teacher readiness, time constraints, and learning resources. The study concludes that there is a need for the integration of sustainability values in the curriculum, intensive training for teachers, and the use of innovative learning media to improve the success of sustainability education.
Design and Validation of Doodly-Based Physics Teaching Materials to Enhance Teachers’ Digital Competencies
In the rapidly advancing digital era, the integration of technology in education has become essential for enhancing the learning experience. One promising tool in this regard is animation software like Doodly, which can significantly elevate the quality of physics teaching. This research seeks to develop teaching materials for physics that leverage Doodly’s animation capabilities, aiming not only to bolster teachers’ digital skills but also to increase student engagement in the learning process. The methodology employed in this study involves a descriptive approach, with design validation conducted by experts in physics, multimedia learning, and educational technology. Expert validation sheets and revision guides were used as instruments, and the data were analyzed using Aiken’s V formula to assess the validity of the materials developed. The findings suggest that the Doodly-based physics teaching materials are of excellent quality, demonstrating high validity scores in terms of presentation feasibility (0.89), content feasibility (0.86), and language use (0.89). The animation-based approach in these materials has proven effective in improving students’ comprehension of challenging concepts while enriching their learning experience. However, the research also points out that certain aspects, such as visual design and video duration, could still benefit from further refinement. Ultimately, the study confirms that Doodly-based teaching resources are highly effective in enhancing both teachers’ digital competencies and student engagement, contributing significantly to the development of more dynamic, technology-driven physics education.
Development of a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Ethnoscience E-Module on the Biodiversity of Herbal Plants to Enhance Junior High School Students Critical Thinking and Environmental Literacy
This study aims to develop and validate an ethnoscience-based Problem-Based Learning (PBL) e-module on the biodiversity of herbal plants to enhance junior high school students’ critical thinking and environmental literacy. The research used a modified 4D development model (Define, Design, Develop, Disseminate) involving content analysis, expert validation, and practicality testing. The e-module integrates local cultural knowledge with science learning through contextual material and interactive problem-solving activities. Validation was conducted by subject matter and media experts, while practicality was tested by one science teacher and 25 students. Results show the e-module received a content validity score of 90.34% (very valid) and a media validity score of 78.62% (valid). The characteristics assessment by three experts yielded an overall score of 92.69%, categorized as highly suitable for educational use. Practicality scores from teacher and student evaluations were 92.88% and 91.42%, respectively, indicating that the module is easy to use, relevant, and engaging. The findings conclude that the e-module is pedagogically appropriate, practical, and effectively integrates local wisdom into science learning. It supports the development of students’ critical thinking and environmental awareness and can be used as an innovative instructional resource in junior high school science education.
Development of Electronic Modules Based on Socioscientific Issues on Biotechnology Material to Improve Argumentation Skills
This study aims to develop an electronic module based on socio-scientific issues on biotechnology material using the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) model. This module is designed to improve high school students' argumentation skills and perceptions of biotechnology. The subjects of the study consisted of 76 grade XI students in West Bandung Regency. The three-tier test instrument was used to identify student misconceptions, with the results showing the highest percentage of misconceptions in the concepts of STEM cells (22%), recombinant bacteria (21%), and cloning (19%). Needs analysis was carried out through data triangulation, including diagnostic tests, teacher interviews, and student questionnaires. The electronic module developed includes material features, practicums, socio-scientific issues, perception space, and evaluation. Validation by material experts, technology, teachers, and students produced an average score of 3.31 (valid criteria) with a feasibility percentage of 83%. Field trials on 20 students showed an average effectiveness score of 3.19 (80%), included in the very valid category. The results of the study indicate that this module is effective in improving student understanding, interesting to use, and feasible to be applied in distance learning. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of developing innovative learning media to overcome misconceptions and encourage scientific literacy based on contemporary issues.
Development of Ethno-Virtual Reality Media in Biotechnology Project Learning to Realize Collaborative and Creative Skills
The development of Ethno-Virtual Reality (Ethno-VR) media in biotechnology project learning aims to analyze its development process, characteristics, validity, and practicality. This study uses a Research and Development (R&D) approach with the ADDIE model, covering five stages: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. However, the implementation stage has not yet been carried out. The research subjects were Class X-4 students at SMA Negeri 1 Randudongkal. Data collection techniques included interviews, characteristic and validation questionnaires, and teacher and student response questionnaires. The findings show that Ethno-VR media received an excellent rating of 92.10% for its content and cultural feasibility, integration with ethnoscience, alignment with project-based learning, and potential to foster collaborative and creative skills. The media was deemed highly valid, with material validation scores of 96.66% and media validation scores of 94.60%. Its practicality was also rated very high, with teacher response scores at 93.75% and student responses at 86.48%. In conclusion, the developed Ethno-VR media demonstrates excellent characteristics, high validity, and strong practicality, making it highly suitable for implementation in high school biotechnology project learning.
Identification of Sustainable Environmental Literacy Needs as A Basis for Developing SDGs-Based Instruments
Sustainable environmental literacy is an important competency in supporting the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), especially for prospective science teacher students. This study aims to identify the need for sustainable environmental literacy as a basis for developing measurement instruments that are relevant to the context of education and global environmental challenges. This study uses a descriptive approach by compiling indicators based on cognitive, affective, and psychomotor dimensions, and considering aspects of social awareness and real action. The results of the analysis show a gap between students' pro-environmental knowledge and attitudes and their actual behavior in everyday life. This finding emphasizes the importance of instruments that are able to describe environmental literacy conditions holistically to support transformative education and form agents of change who care about environmental sustainability.
Feasibility Analysis of Scientific Reasoning Skills Instruments for Prospective Science Teachers Using The Rasch Model
This study aims to analyze the feasibility of a scientific reasoning ability test instrument for prospective science teachers using the Rasch model. The instrument developed refers to Lawson's Classroom Test of Scientific Reasoning (LCTSR) indicators, focusing on scientific reasoning abilities, including variable control, combinatorial, probability, relational, and proportional thinking. The analysis was carried out using the Rasch Model with the WINSTEPS Version 5.7.3.0 application to test the validity, reliability, and characteristics of the test items. The feasibility test was carried out on 40 multiple-choice questions, tested on 110 test samples. The analysis results showed that 25 of the 40 questions were valid and covered all indicators of problem-solving skills. The test instrument also has a high level of internal consistency with a person reliability value of 0.84 and an item reliability of 0.95. Analysis of the level of difficulty of the test items showed a balanced distribution between very difficult, difficult, moderate, and easy questions. No items were detected as biased, indicating that this instrument is fair and can be used without favoring one group of individuals. Overall, the developed problem-solving skills test instrument is valid and reliable for use on prospective science teachers, assisting educators in evaluating students' problem-solving skills, providing constructive feedback, and improving the quality of learning in science.