Optimasi Pertumbuhan Plantlet Krisan melalui Peningkatan Permeabilitas Tutup Botol dan Penurunan Sukrosa
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Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan luas permeabilitas tutup botol kultur dan konsentrasi sukrosa dalam medium kultur yang optimal untuk pertumbuhan plantlet krisan (Chrysanthemum indicum L.). Peningkatan luas permeabilitas tutup dilakukan dengan pembuatan lubang seluas 0,2 cm2 pada tutup botol kultur yang kemudian dilapisi dengan membran mikropori berukuran 0,5 µm. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan dua faktor, yaitu luas permeabilitas (0 ; 0,2 ; 0,4 dan 0,6 cm2) dan konsentrasi sukrosa (0;, 10; 20 dan 30 g/l) dalam media Murashige and Skoog (MS). Parameter yang diamati adalah waktu munculnya tunas, jumlah dan tinggi tunas, jumlah dan luas daun, serta jumlah dan panjang akar. Data dianalisis dengan Anava dua arah dan Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa luas permeabilitas tutup botol kultur, konsentrasi sukrosa, dan interaksinya mempercepat waktu munculnya tunas krisan. Konsentrasi sukrosa meningkatkan tinggi tunas, jumlah daun dan luas daun plantlet. Medium MS yang mengandung sukrosa 20 g/l dengan semua taraf permeabilitas dapat mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan plantlet krisan. Perlakuan tersebut menghasilkan tunas tertinggi, daun terluas, dan mampu mendorong munculnya tunas yang lebih cepat. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut disarankan menumbuhkan krisan secara in vitro dalam media MS mengandung sukrosa 20 g/l dengan atau tanpa peningkatan permeabilitas tutup botol kultur.
This study aims to determine the permeability area of the culture vessel cap and the optimum sucrose concentration in the culture medium on the growth of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum indicum L.) plantlet. Increased permeability area of the cap is made by making a 0,2 cm2 hole in the culture vessel cap and then coated with a 0,5 μm microporous membrane. This research was carried out using completely randomized factorial design with two factors, permeability (0; 0,2; 0,4 and 0,6 cm2) and sucrose concentration (0; 10; 20, and 30 g/l) in Murashige and Skoog (MS) media. The parameters observed were the time of bud appearance, number and height of shoot, number and area of leaves, and number and length of roots. Data were analyzed with two-way Anova and Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the permeability area of culture vessel cap, sucrose concentration and interaction accelerated the time of chrysanthemum buds emergence. The concentration of sucrose increases the shoot height, leaf number and plantlet leaf area. Medium MS containing sucrose 20 g/l with all permeability area can optimize the growth of chrysanthemum plantlet. The treatment produces the highest shoots, the largest leaves and is able to encourage the emergence of faster shoots. Based on these results it is advisable to grow chrysanthemums in vitro in MS medium containing sucrose 20 g/l with or without increased permeability of culture vessel cap.
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