SIFAT MEKANIK KOMPOSIT COKELAT BATANG DENGAN FILLER BIJI METE

P A Wiguna(1), M P Aji(2), A Yulianto(3),


(1) Gedung D7 Lantai 2, Kampus Unnes Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang, 50229
(2) Gedung D7 Lantai 2, Kampus Unnes Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang, 50229
(3) Gedung D7 Lantai 2, Kampus Unnes Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang, 50229

Abstract

Bahan komposit yang banyak dijumpai di masyarakat umumnya terbuat dari material berat seperti, logam, keramik, atau polimer. Pada bahan pangan terdapat pula yang termasuk ke dalam kategori material komposit, diantaranya adalah cracker, cookie, kue pie, chasew chocolate, dan lain sebagianya. Diantara komposit bahan pangan tersebut yang paling banyak digemari sebagai makanan camilan adalah  cokelat. Hal menarik yang dikaji pada studi ini berkaitan dengan sifat mekanik komposit cokelat yaitu kekuatan tekan dari komposit tersebut. Komposit ini terbuat dari bahan makanan cokelat dengan variasi  fraksi massa mete sebagai filler yaitu 13 %, 17%, 20%, 23%, 26 %, dan 29%. Matriks yang digunakan adalah cokelat jenis dark chocolate. Sifat mekanik yang dikaji adalah kuat tekan pada komposit cokelat batang. Parameter ini diukur untuk mengetahui ukuran maksimum beban yang dapat diterima komposit tersebut. Komposit yang memiliki kekuatan tekan terbesar ada pada cokelat batang dengan fraksi massa mete 29 % yaitu sebesar 2,81 MPa. Hal ini menunjukkan  bahwa variasi fraksi massa mete berpengaruh pada sifat mekanik material komposit karena berkaitan dengan perilaku distribusi partikel. Kuat tekan komposit cokelat teramati meningkat dengan kenaikan jumlah biji mete pada cokelat batang.

Generally, the composite materials found in the civilization are made from heavy materials, e.g. metals, ceramics, and polymers. In fact, the composite material also found in food, such as crackers, cookies, pies, and cashew chocolates. Cashew chocolates usually consumed as the most favourite snack. The most interesting object from this study is related with the mechanical composite characteristic of the chocolate, i.e. compressive strength. Chocolate composite is made from chocolate with variety of cashew mass fraction as the filler, i.e. 13 %, 17%, 20%, 23%, 26 %, and 29%. In this study, the composite matrix was a dark chocolate, whereas the mechanical characteristic determined was a compressive strength of the chocolate bar.  This parameter was calculated to determine the maximum weight which could be received by the composite. The result showed that the composite had the biggest compressive strength (2.81 MPa) was a chocolate bar with mass fraction of cashew 29%. It indicated that variation of cashew mass fraction affected the mechanical characteristic of composite. It was also related to the particle distribution performance. The compressive strength value of chocolate was greater together with the increase of the quantity of cashew nut.   

Keywords

composites; filler; compressive strength

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