ISOLASI DAN IDENTIFIKASI VIRUS AVIAN INFLUENZA SUBTIPE H5N1 DI PETERNAKAN TRADISIONAL KECAMATAN GUNUNGPATI SEMARANG
(1) FMIPA UNNES Gd D6 Lt 1 Jln. Raya Sekaran- Gunungpati- Semarang 50229 Telp./Fax. (024) 8508033
(2) FMIPA UNNES Gd D6 Lt 1 Jln. Raya Sekaran- Gunungpati- Semarang 50229 Telp./Fax. (024) 8508033
(3) FMIPA UNNES Gd D6 Lt 1 Jln. Raya Sekaran- Gunungpati- Semarang 50229 Telp./Fax. (024) 8508033
(4) FMIPA UNNES Gd D6 Lt 1 Jln. Raya Sekaran- Gunungpati- Semarang 50229 Telp./Fax. (024) 8508033
Abstract
Avian Influenza (AI) atau yang lebih dikenal dengan flu burung disebabkan oleh virus influenza yang bermutasi menjadi patogen. Penelitian tentang isolasi dan identifikasi virus AI subtipe H5N1 perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui keberadaan virus tersebut khususnya di kecamatan Gunungpati. Desain penelitian adalah eks ploratif dengan pengumpulan sampel usap kloaka secara acak di lima kelurahan di kecamatan Gunungpati. Sampel usap kloaka ditumbuhkan pada telur ayam berembrio SPF, kemudian diisolasi RNA-nya dilanjutkan dengan identifikasi subtipe virus AI menggunakan Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT–PCR) dengan primer pendeteksi gen H5 dan N1. Hasil positif apabila visualisasi hasil elektroforesis dari produk PCR menunjukkan pita-pita spesifik panjang 219 bp untuk H5 dan 131 bp untuk gen N1-nya. Limapuluh sampel usap kloaka yang diisolasi dari lima kelurahan di Gunungpati, delapan isolat positif VAI dan enam diantaranya positif H5N1 dengan angka prevalensi 12%. Isolat positif berasal dari 2 spesies itik (16,67%), 2 dari entok (11,76%) dan 2 dari angsa (18,18%). Dari lima kelurahan yang diambil sampelnya, tiga kelurahan ditemukan positif virus H5N1 masing-masing kelurahan Sekaran (6,67%), Kalisegoro (16,67%) dan Pakintelan (15,78%). Unggas-unggas air di peternakan unggas tradisional berpotensi sebagai penularan virus AI, khususnya subtipe H5N1.
Avian Influenza (AI) or better known as bird flu is caused by influenza viruses that mutate into a pathogen. Research on the isolation and the identification of H5N1 subtype needed to be carried out to determine the presence of the virus, particularly in the subdistrict of Gunungpati. The study design was explorative by collecting cloacal swab samples randomly from five villages in Gunungpati. The cloacal swab samples were cultured in embryonated SPF chicken eggs, then the RNA was isolated and followed by the identification of AI virus subtype using Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) with H5 and N1 gene detecting primers. A positive result is obtained if the visualization of the electrophoresis of PCR products showed bands with specific length of 219 bp for H5 gene and 131 bp for N1 gene. Fifty cloacal swab samples were isolated from five villages in Gunungpati, and eight of them were positive isolates and six of them were H5N1 positive with the prevalence rate of 12%. The positive isolates were derived from two species of duck (16,67%), 2 from wild duck (11,76%) and 2 from geese (18,18%). Of the five sampled villages, three villages were found to be H5N1 positive, i.e. Sekaran village (6,67%), Kalisegoro village (16,67%) and Pakintelan village (15,78%). Water birds in traditional poultry farming were considered potential as the transmitters of AI virus, particularly of H5N1 subtype.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Arsyad, A. M. (2008). Hubungan Pengetahuan Tentang Flu Burung dengan Sikap Masyarakat yang Memelihara Unggas di Wilayah Mojogedang. Skripsi. Surakarta: Fakultas ilmu Kesehatan Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.
Dharmayanti, R., Damayanti, A., Wiyono, R., Indriani & Darminto. (2004). Identifikasi Virus Avian Influenza Isolat Indonesia dengan Reverse Transcriptase–Poly-merase Chain Rection (RT-PCR). JITV, 9(2), 136-143.
[FAO] Food and Agriculture Organization. (2005). Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Flu Burung (Avian Influenza) pada Peternakan Unggas Skala Kecil. Buku Petunjuk bagi Paramedik Veteriner (Online). Retrieved from http://www.fao.org/.
Hanson, B. A., Stallknecht, D. E., Swayne, D. E., Lewis, L. A. & Senne, D. A. (2003). Avian Influenza in Minnesota ducks during 1998-2000. Avian Dis, 47, 867-871.
Hoffman, E., Stech, J., Guan, Y., Webster, R. G. & Perez, D. R. (2001). Universal primer set for the full-length amplification of all influenza A viruses. Arch Virol, 146, 2275-2289.
Hulse-Post, D. J., Sturm-Ramirez, K. M., Humberd, J., Seiler, P., Govorkova, E. A., Krauss, S., Scholtissek, C., Puthavathana, P., Buranathai, C., Nguyen, T. D., Long, H. T., Naipospos, T. S. P., Chen, H., Ellis, T. M., Guan, Y., Peiris, J. S. M. & Webster, R. G. (2005). Role of domestic ducks in the propagation and biological evolution of highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses in Asia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA, 102, 10682-10687.
Liu, M., Guan, Y., Peiris, M., He, S., Webby, R. J., Perez, D. & Webster, R. G. (2003). The quest of influenza A virus for new host. Avian Dis, 47, 849-856.
Maines, T. R., Lu, X. H., Erb, S. M., Edwards, L., Guarner, J., Greer, P. W., Nguyen, D. C., Szretter, K. J., Chen, L. M., Thawatsupha, P., Chittaganpitch, M., Waicharoen, S., Nguyen, D. T., Nguyen, T., Nguyen, H. H. T., Kim, J. H., Hoang, L. T., Kang, C., Phuong, L. S., Lim, W., Zaki, S., Donis, R. O., Cox, N. J., Katz, J. M. & Tumpey, T. M. (2005). Avian influenza (H5N1) viruses isolated from human in Asia 2004 exhibit increased virulence in mammals. J Virol, 79, 11788-11800.
Natih, K. K. N., Retno, D., Soejoedono, Wayan, T. W. & Fachriyan, H. P. (2010). Preparasi Imunoglobulin G Kelinci sebagai Antigen Penginduksi Antibodi Spesifik Terhadap Virus Avian Influenza H5N1 Strain Legok. Jurnal Veteriner,11(2), 99-106.
[OIE] Office international des Epizooties. (2005). Update on avian influenza viruses, including highly pathogenic H5N1 from poultry in live bird market in Hanoi, Vietnam in 2001. J Virol, 79, 4201-4212.
Payungporn, S., Phakdeewirot, P., Chu-tinimitkul, S., Theamboonlers, A., Keawcharoen, J., Oraveerakul, K., Amonsin, A. & Poovororawan, Y. (2004). Single-step multiplex reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for influenza A virus subtype H5N1 detection. Viral Immunol, 17, 588-593.
Russell, C. J. & Webster, R. G. (2005). The genesis of a pandemic influenza virus. Cell, 123, 368-371.
Songserm, T., Jam-on, R., Sae-Heng, N., Meemak, N., Hulse-Post, D. J., Sturm-Ramirez, K. M. & Webster, R. G. (2006). Domestic ducks and H5N1 influenza epidemic in Thailand. Emerg Infec Dis, 12, 575-581.
Sturm-Ramirez, K. M., Ellis, T., Bousfield, B., Bissett, L., Dyrting, K., Rehg, J. E., Poon, L., Guan, Y., Peiris, M. & Webster, R. G. (2005). Reemerging H5N1 influenza viruses in Hong Kong in 2002 are highly pathogenic to ducks. J Virol, 78, 4892-4901.
Susanti, R., Soejoedono, R. D., Mahardika, I. G. N. K., Wibawan, I. W. T. & Suhartono, M. T. (2008). Isolasi dan identifikasi virus avian influenza subtipe H5N1 pada unggas air sehat di peternakan skala rumah tangga (backyard) di Jawa Barat. Media Kedokteran Hewan, 3, 139-146.
WHO. (2010). Cumulative Number of Confirmed Human Cases of Avian Influenza A/(H5N1) (Online). Retrieved from http://www.who.int/csr/disease/avian_influenza/country. May 10, 2010.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.