The Histomorphometry of Liver and Kidney of Hyperglycemic Albino Rats after Treatment with Tithonia diversifolia Leaf Extract
(1) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universitas Diponegoro
(2) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universitas Diponegoro
(3) Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universitas Diponegoro
Abstract
Tithonia diversifolia can be used as an antidiabetic, so it is necessary to study the safety of its use, especially the side effects on the liver and kidneys. This study aimed to determine the effect of using T. diversifolia leaf extract through histomorphometry observations of the liver and kidneys of hyperglycemic albino rats. The study design used a completely randomized design (CRD). This study used 20 male albino rats which were divided into five treatment groups, there were T0 (rat normal/control), T1 (hyperglycemic rat without T. diversifolia leaf extract), T2 (hyperglycemic rat administered with Glibenclamide 10 mg/kg BW), T3 (hyperglycemic rat administered with T. diversifolia leaf extract 150 mg/kg BW), T4 (hyperglycemic rat administered with T. diversifolia leaf extract 300 mg/kg BW). Every treatment was repeated four times. The damage of hepatocyte and the glomerular cell was observed through histological structure observation by histomorphometry method using a photomicrography microscope (Olympus BX51). The results indicate that there were significant differences (P < 0.05) in the variable of hepatocytes diameter and there was no significant different (P > 0.05) result on glomerular diameter, as well as kidney and liver weight. It was concluded that T. diversifolia leaf extract of 150 mg/kg BW and 300 mg/kg BW are safe to be used as antidiabetic. It does not cause any side effects on the liver and kidneys of hyperglycemic albino rats. Thereby T. diversifolia leaf extract can be further tested as preparation of biopharmaca which can be used as herbal medicines for diabetics.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdelmoaty, M. A., Ibrahim, M. A., Ahmed, N. S., & Abdelaziz, M. A. (2010). Confirmatory studies on the antioxidant and antidiabetic effect of quercetin in rats. Indian Journal of Clinical Biochemistry, 25(2), 188–192.
Baroni, S., Rocha, B. A. D., Melo, J. O., Comar, J. F., Caparroz-Assef, S. M., & Bersani-Amado, C. A. (2016). Hydroethanolic extract of Smallanthus sonchifolius leaves improves hyperglycemia of streptozotocin induced neonatal diabetic rats. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 9(5), 432–436.
Barrett, K. E., Brooks, H. L., Boitano, S., & Barman, S. M. (2010). Ganong’s review of medical physiology. In McGraw-Hill.
Biswas, M., Kar, B., Bhattacharya, S., Kumar, R. B. S., Ghosh, A. K., & Haldar, P. K. (2011). Antihyperglycemic activity and antioxidant role of Terminalia arjuna leaf in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Pharmaceutical Biology, 49(4), 335–340.
Chagas-Paula, D. A., Oliveira, R. B., Rocha, B. A., & Costa, F. B. D. (2012). Ethnobotany, chemistry, and biological activities of the genus Tithonia (Asteraceae). Chemistry and Biodiversity, 9(2), 210–235.
Chiang, J. (2014). Liver physiology: Metabolism and detoxification. Pathobiology of Human Disease. Elsevier: San Diego, 1770-1782.
Craig, E. A., Yan, Z., & Zhao, Q. J. (2015). The relationship between chemical-induced kidney weight increases and kidney histopathology in rats. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 35(7), 729–736.
Dheer, R., & Bhatnagar, P. (2010). A study of the antidiabetic activity of Barleria prionitis Linn. Indian Journal of Pharmacology, 42(2), 70–73.
El-Gohary, Z. M. A., Souad, A. K., Fahmy, A. M. E. S., & Tag, Y. M. (2011). Comparative studies on the renal structural aspects of the mammalian species inhabiting different habitats. Journal of American Science, 7, 556–565.
Fakunle, J. O., & Abatan, M. O. (2007). The toxicological effects of aqueous leaf extract of Tithonia diversifolia Gray in rats. Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances, 6(10), 1223–1226.
Genuis, S. J., Birkholz, D., Rodushkin, I., & Beesoon, S. (2011). Blood, urine, and sweat (BUS) study: Monitoring and elimination of bioaccumulated toxic elements. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 61(2), 344–357.
Green, C. J., & Hodson, L. (2014). The influence of dietary fat on liver fat accumulation. Nutrients, 6(11), 5018-5033.
Hastuti, U. S. (2006). Pengaruh berbagai dosis citrinin terhadap kerusakan struktur hepatosit mencit (Mus musculus) pada tiga zona lobulus hepar. Jurnal Kedokteran Brawijaya, 22(3), 121–126.
Kato-Noguchi, H. (2020). Involvement of allelopathy in the invasive potential of Tithonia diversifolia. Plants, 9(6), 1–9.
Khaing, Y. Y., Moe, M. M., Oo, S. S. (2019). Morphological, microscopical characters and phytochemical tests of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Grays. Myanmar Korea Conference Research Journal, 3(3), 1148–1155.
Kitukale, M. D., & Chandewar, A. V. (2014). An overview on some recent herbs having antidiabetic potential. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Biological and Chemical Sciences, 5(6), 190-196.
Kotyk, T., Ashour, A. S., Chakraborty, S., Dey, N., Ashour, A. S., Tavares, J. M. R. S., & Balas-Timar, D. (2016). Measurement of glomerulus diameter and Bowman’s space width of renal albino rats. Computer Methods and Programs in Biomedicine, 126, 143–153.
Kumar, V., Abbas, A. K., and Aster, J. C. (2018). Robbins and cotran, pathologic basis of a disease, 10th ed, chapter 19 - Female genital tract and the breast. In Elsevier Saunders.
Ladeska, V., Dewanti, E., & Sari, D. I. (2019). Pharmacognostical studies and determination of total flavonoids of paitan (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray. Pharmacognosy Journal, 11(6), 1256–1261.
Lawal, O. A., Kasali, A. A., Opoku, A. R., & Oyedeji, A. O. (2012). Volatile constituents of the flowers, leaves, stems and roots of Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsely) A. Gray. Journal of Essential Oil-Bearing Plants, 15(5), 816–821.
Mackey, P. A., & Whitaker, M. D. (2015). Diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia management in the hospitalized patient. Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 11(5), 531–537.
Marianne, M., Yuandani, Y., & Rosnani, R. (2011). Antidiabetic activity from ethanol extract of kluwih’s leaf (Artocarpus camansi). Jurnal Natural, 11(2), 64–68.
Michael, L., Allan, M., & Alisa, P. (2013). Marks’ basic medical biochemistry: A clinical approach. In Basic medical biochemistry.
Naveen, J., & Baskaran, V. (2018). Antidiabetic plant-derived nutraceuticals: A critical review. European journal of nutrition, 57(4), 1275-1299.
Niendya, A., Djaelani, M. A., & Suprihatin, T. (2011). Rasio bobot hepar-tubuh mencit (Mus musculus L.) setelah pemberian diazepam, formalin, dan minuman beralkohol. Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi, 19(1), 16–27.
Nyengaard, J. R., & Bendtsen, T. F. (1992). Glomerular number and size in relation to age, kidney weight, and body surface in normal man. The Anatomical Record, 232(2), 194–201.
Pecoits-Filho, R., Abensur, H., Betônico, C. C. R., MacHado, A. D., Parente, E. B., Queiroz, M., Salles, J. E. N., Titan, S., & Vencio, S. (2016). Interactions between kidney disease and diabetes: Dangerous liaisons. Diabetology and Metabolic Syndrome, 8(1), 1–21.
Pratiwi, H., Winarso, D., & Handoyo, N. (2016). Kadar low density lipoprotein dan gambaran histopatologi hepar pada tikus putih model diabetes melitus tipe 1 dengan pemberian ekstrak etanol Curcuma. Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Hasil Ternak, 11(1), 1–7.
Rasch, R., & Dørup, J. (1997). Quantitative morphology of the rat kidney during diabetes mellitus and insulin treatment. Diabetologia, 40(7), 802–809.
Renda, R. (2017). Can salivary creatinine and urea levels be used to diagnose chronic kidney disease in children as accurately as serum creatinine and urea levels? A case-control study. Renal Failure, 39(1), 452–457.
Rohilla, A., & Ali, S. (2012). Alloxan induced diabetes : Mechanisms and effects. International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Science, 3(2), 819–823.
Rosioru, C., Talu, S., Talu, M., Giovanzana, S., & Craciun, C. (2012). Morphometric assessments for the healthy rat hepatocytes. Annals of the Romanian Society for Cell Biology, 17(1), 74–79.
Sanchez-Niño, M. D., Sanz, A. B., Ruiz-Andres, O., Poveda, J., Izquierdo, M. C., Selgas, R., Egido, J., & Ortiz, A. (2013). MIF, CD74 and other partners in kidney disease: Tales of a promiscuous couple. Cytokine and Growth Factor Reviews, 24(1), 23–40.
Sari, A. R., Saraswati, T. R., & Yuniwarti, E. Y. W. (2018). Antihyperglycemic activity of aqueous extract of insulin leaves (Tithonia diversifolia) on hyperglycemic rats (Rattus norvegicus). Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education, 10(3), 636–641.
Selmanoglu, G., Karacaoglu, E., Kilic, A., Kockaya, E. A., & Turan, A. M. (2012). Toxicity of food contaminant furan on liver and kidney of growing male rats. Environmental Toxicology, 27(10), 613–622.
Wang, W. J., Wu, F., Qian, Y., Cheng, L. F., Shao, X. T., Tong, X. M., & Li, H. (2010). Inhibition of inflammatory factors by parthenolide in human renal mesangial cells under hyperglycemic condition. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9(23), 3458–3463.
Winarsi, H., Sasongko, N. D., Purwanto, A., & Nuraeni, I. (2012). In vitro antioxidant activity of the stem and leaves Amomum cardamomum extracts. In: Proceedings of International Conference on Medicinal Plants. Purwokerto, 11–13 Oct 2012.
Yimam, M., Zhao, J., Corneliusen, B., Pantier, M., Brownell, L., & Jia, Q. (2014). Blood glucose lowering activity of aloe based composition, UP780, in alloxan induced insulin dependent mouse diabetes model. Diabetology and Metabolic Syndrome, 6(1), 1–8.
Yuneldi, R. F., Airin, C. M., Saragih, H. T., & Astuti, P. (2021). Application of natural aromatase blocker towards the level of testosterone in rooster Layer [Gallus gallus gallus (Linn., 1758)]. Key Engineering Materials, 884, 251-255.
Yuneldi, R. F., Airin, C. M., Saragih, H. T., & Astuti, P. (2021). Efficiency of testosterone administration on the performance of day old chick (DOC) Layer: Cockscomb size, T3/T4 ratio, and histopathological description of bursa fabricius. Advances in Biological Sciences Research, 12, 35-39.
Yuneldi, R. F., Airin, C. M., Saragih, H. T. S. S. G., & Astuti, P. (2021). Profile of thyroid hormone in male Layer chickens given by testosterone. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 686, 012028.
Yuneldi, R. F., Astuti, P., Saragih, H. T. S., & Airin, C. M. (2021). Anadara granosa shell powder improves the metabolism, testosterone level, and sound frequency of Pelung chickens. Veterinary World, 14(6), 1564-1571.
Yuneldi, R. F., Saraswati, T. R., & Yuniwarti, E. Y. W. (2018). Profile of SGPT and SGOT on male rats (Rattus norvegicus) hyperglycemic after giving insulin leaf extract (Tithonia diversifolia). Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education, 10(3), 519–525.
Zubaidah, E., Putri, W. D. R., Puspitasari, T., Kalsum, U., & Dianawati, D. (2017). The effectiveness of various Salacca Vinegars as therapeutic agent for management of hyperglycemia and dyslipidemia on diabetic rats. International Journal of Food Science, 2017, 1–7.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.