Effect of Neem Leaf Extract on Reproductive Potential of Male Rats Fed High-Fat Diet
(1) Magister of Biology, Science and Mathematics Faculty, Diponegoro University
(2) Magister of Biology, Science and Mathematics Faculty, Diponegoro University
(3) Magister of Biology, Science and Mathematics Faculty, Diponegoro University
Abstract
Neem leaves contain bioactive compounds, including tannins, saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids which are thought to have a cholesterol-lowering effect, but are also accompanied by antifertility effects. This study aims to determine the effect of neem leaf ethanol extract on the structure and reproduction of hyper-cholesterol or hyperlipidaemic male rats. The study used a completely randomized design which was divided into 6 groups with 4 repetitions, namely: P0 (negative control), P1 (positive control), P2 (8 mg/gBW simvastatin), P3, P4, and P5 (75, 100, and 125 mg/gBWof neem leaf extract). Parameters observed were testicular structure (epithelial thickness and seminiferous tubule diameter), GSI, ESI, epididymal protein expression and concentration, morphology and number of spermatozoa. Exposure to ethanolic extract of neem leaves had a significant effect on seminiferous tubule diameter, morphology and number of spermatozoa in white rats fed a high-fat diet, but did not differ significantly on the thickness of the seminiferous tubule epithelium and GSI, so it can be concluded that the effect of ethanolic extract of neem leaves in hypercholesterolemic rats decreased the structure and function of male reproduction as indicated by spermatozoa morphology, spermatozoa number, epididymal protein expression, and testicular structure, supported by the results of protein concentration, GSI, and ESI.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Abdulkareem, S. M., & Nanakali, N. M. (2019). Quercetin reduces oxidative stress damage to reproductive profile induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzop-dioxin in male albino rats (Rattus norvegicus L.). Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 17 (6):13185-13197.
Akdogan, M., Y. Nasir, N. Cengiz, A. Bilgili. (2018). The effects of milled Tribulus terrestris, Avena sativa, and white ginseng powder on total cholesterol, free testosterone levels and testicular tissue in rats fed a high-cholesterol diet. Ankara Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 65(3), 267-272.
Akmal, M., D. Masyitah, Hafizuddin, & Fitriani. (2015). Epididimis dan Perannya pada Pematangan Spermatozoa. JESBIO 4(2): 1-9.
Alhomaidi, J., Jatmiko, S.W., Triliana, R. (2019). Pengaruh frekuensistress fisik terhadapkadar malondialdehide(mda) dan superoxide dismutase(sod) jantung tikusbetina dengandiet atherogenik. Jurnal Bio Komplementer Medicine, 6(1), 86-95.
Atangwho, I.J., Ebong, P.E., Eyong, E.U., Williams, I.O., Eten, M.U., Egbung, G.E. (2009). Comparative Chemical Composition of Leaves of some Antidiabetic Medicinal Plants: Azadirachta indica, Vernonia Amygdalina and Gongronema Latifolium. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8 (18).
Ayini, U., S. Harnina B., & T.C. Dewi. (2014). Efek Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Mimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) terhadap Bakteri Vibrio algynoliticus Secara In Vitro. Biosaintifika 6(1), 67-75.
Budiarto, M.A., Yuniwarti, E.Y.W. (2016). Pengaruh Pemberian Tepung Daun Jati Belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia L.) dalam Pakan terhadap Kadar Trigliserida Darah dan Lemak Abdominal AyamBroiler. Buletin Anatomi dan Fisiologi (Bulletin of Anatomy and Physiology), 1(1), 43-47.
Cordeiro, F., Gonçalves Jr, V., Moreira, N., Slobodticov, J.I., de Andrade Galvão, N., de Souza Spinosa, H., ... & Bernardi, M.M. (2018). Ivermectin acute administration impaired the spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis of adult rats. Research in veterinary science, 117, 178-186.
Dewi, R., Santhi, D.D., Sukrama. & Karsana R. (2014). Simvastatin Generik. Indonesian journal of Clinical Pathology and Medical Laboratory. 20(2), 106-110.
Duangjai, A., A. Ontawong, C. Srimaroeng. (2019).Siamese neem flower extract suppresses cholesterol absorption by interfering NPC1L1 and micellar property in vitro and in intestinal Caco-2 cells. Res Pharm Sci., 14(3),190-200.
Dube, E., L. Hermo., P.T. Chan and D.G. Cyr. (2008). Alterations in gene expression in the caput epididymides of nonobstructive azoospermic men. Biol Reprod,78,342–351.
Dwianita, C., Tandi, J., Dermiati, T. (2017). PengaruhPemberian Ekstrak Etanol DaunTalas (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott) terhadap Penurunan Kadar Kolesterol Total Darah Tikus Putih Jantan (Rattus norvegicus) yang Diinduksi Pakan Tinggi Lemak dan Streptozotocin. Farmakologika: Jurnal Farmasi. 14(2), 83-90.
El-Kersh, D.M., Ezzat, S. M., Salama, M. M., E.A. Mahrous, Y.M. Attia, M.S. Ahmed &M.M. Elmazar. (2021). Anti-estrogenic and anti-aromatase activities of citrus peels major compounds in breast cancer. Scientific Reports 11(7121).
Elia, L. S., Janette. M. Rumbajan. (2015). Kualitas Spermatozoa Tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) setelah Pemaparan Obat Nyamuk Elektrik Berbahan Aktif Transflutrin. Jurnal E-Biomedi. 3 (1): 274-279.
Fitria, L.M., Cut, M.T. Andreas, S.B. (2015). Profil Reproduksi Jantan Tikus (Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769) Galur Wistar Stadia Muda, Pradewasa, dan Dewasa. Jurnal Biologi Papua. 7(1), 29–36
Golalipour, M.J., Balajadeh, B.K., Ghafari, S., Azarhosh, R.,&Khori, V. (2011). Protective Effect of Urtica dioica L. (Urticaceae) on Morphometric and Morphologic Alterations of Seminiferous Tubules in STZ Diabetic Rats.
Hanung, A. (2019). Pengaruh frekuensi penggorengan minyak jelantah terhadap diameter dan gambaran histopatologi lumen aorta tikus wistar (Rattus novergicus). Jurnal Kedokteran Diponegoro, 8(1), 26-37.
Hargrove, J.L., Greenspan, P., Hartle, D.K., & Dowd, C. (2011). Inhibition of Aromatase and α-Amylase by Flavonoids and Proanthocyanidins from Sorghum bicolor Bran Extracts. Journal of Medicinal Food 14(7-8).
Harsojuwono, B.A., Arnata, I.W., Puspawati, G.A.K.D. (2011). Rancangan percobaan: teori, aplikasi spps dan excel. 1 ed. Lintaskata publishing. ISBN 978-602-99853-1-3
Hasanah, W., Sukarjati. (2016). Pengaruh pemberian ekstrak biji pepaya (Carica papaya L.) dan ekstrak daun mimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) dan campuran ekstrak biji pepaya dan ekstrak daun mimba terhadap kualitas spermatzoa mencit (Mus musculus). Wahana, 67(2), 59-69.
Hasana, A. N., Sitasiwi, A. J., & Isdadiyanto, S. (2019). Hepatosomatik Indeks dan Diameter Hepatosit Mencit (Mus musculus L.) Betina setelah Paparan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Mimba (Azadirachta indica Juss.). Jurnal Pro-Life, 6(1), 1-12.
Hasbi, H., & Gustina, S. (2018). Androgen Regulation in Spermatogenesis to Increase Male Fertility. WARTAZOA. Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, 28(1), 13-22.
Heryani, R. (2016). Pengaruh Ekstrak Buah Naga Merah terhadap Profil Lipid Darah Tikus Putih Hiperlipidemia.Jurnal Ipteks Terapan. 10 (1): 8-17.
Ilacqua, A., Francomano, D., & Aversa, A. 2017. The Physiology of the Testis. Springer International Publishing.
Irais, C.M., Claudia, B.R., David, P.E., Ashutosh, S., Rubén, G.G., Agustina, R.M., ... & Luis-Benjamín, S.G. (2020). Leaf and Fruit Methanolic Extracts of Azadirachta indica Exhibit Antifertility Activity on Rats’ Sperm Quality and Testicular Histology. Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology.
Isdadiyanto, S., S.M. Mardiati, & A.J. Sitasiwi. (2021). Blood-Glucose Levels of Rats Given High-Fat Diets after Administration of Neem Leaf Ethanolic Extract. Biosaintifika,13(2), 142-148.
Jannah, B.M., S. Isdadiyanto, & A.J. Sitasiwi. (2020). Histopathological of White Rats Aorta Induced by High-Fat Feed After Administered by Neem Leaf Ethanolic Extract.Biosaintifika, 12(3), 370-378.
Miyarso, C.S., Widiastuti, T.C., & Kiromah, N.Z.W. (2017). Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Akar Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma longifora Jack) Terstandar Terhadap Gambaran Histopatologik Testis Tikus Wistar. Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Keperawatan, 13(3).
Muhartono. (2018). Minyak jelantah menyebabkan kerusakan pada arteri koronaria, miokardium, dan hepar tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan galur sprague dawley. Jurnal Kedokteran Unila, 2(2), 129-135.
Muslichah S & Wiratmo. (2013). Efek antifertilitas fraksi n-heksana, fraksi kloroform danfraksi metanol biji saga (Abrus precatorius L.) dan bijipepaya (Carica papaya L.) terhadap tikus jantan galur wistar. Boptn/Dipa Unej 2(1): 1-13.
Na’i, A., Yasinta, R. & Mulyani, S. (2019).Uji Efek Kombinasi Eeds dan Dpw terhadap Penurunan Kadar Kolesterol Total Tikus Putih Jantan Hiperkolesterolemia-Diabetes. Farmakologika Jurnal Farmasi 16(1), 1-12.
Ofoego, U.C., Nwachukwu, O., Ekwujuru, E.U., Mbagwu, S., Nwakanma, A., Nweke, E.O., & Ofoego, A.N. (2017). Ethanolic Seed Extract of Cucurbita pepo (Pumpkin) Protects the Testis from Azadirachta Indica (Neem) Induced Damage. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 7(24), 120-131.
Prakoso, L.O., Yusmaini, H., Thadeus, M.S., Wiyono, S. (2018). Perbedaan efek Ekstrak Buah Naga Merah (Hylocereus polyrhizus) dan Ekstrak Buah Naga Putih (Hylocereus undatus) terhadap Kadar Kolesterol Total Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus). Jurnal Gizi dan Pangan, 12(3), 195-202.
Sajuthi, D., Agil, M., Arifiantini, R. I., Winarto, A., & Lisanti, E. (2017). Kualitas Spermatozoa Mencit (Mus musculus albinus) Jantan Pasca Pemberian Ekstrak Air Biji dan Ekstrak Air Daun Mimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss). Abstrak. IPB Repository, Bogor.
Samsudin. (2011). Biosintesa Dan Cara Kerja Azadirachtin Sebagai Bahan Aktif Insektisida Nabati. Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka Tanaman Industri. Sukabumi.
Samuel, R.J., O. Joy, P.K. Murthy, S. Iyer, S.G. Ramachandra and K. Thamaraiselvi. (2018). Effect of feeding high fat diet on reproductive parameters in male mice. Indian J. Anim. Res., B-3528, 1-5.
Sari, R.A., Ariani R.D. & Rahma T. (2019). Pengaruh frekuensi stres fisik (forced swimming) terhadap kadar leptin serum tikus betina. Jurnal Bio Komplementer Medicine 6(1), 79-85.
Seo, A.L. Wuryandari, W. (2017). Seduhan Daun Mimba (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) sebagai Penurun Kadar Kolesterol Tikus (Rattus norvegicus). Artikel Ilmiah Disertasi. Akademi Farmasi Putra Indonesia Malang.
Setyawati I, Putra I, & Roni N. (2017). Histologi tubulus seminiferus dan kadar testosteron tikus yang diberi pakan imbuhan tepung daun kaliandra dan kulit nanas. J Vet, 18, 369-377.
Sipilä P, Jalkanen J, Huhtaniemi IT, Poutanen M. Novel epididymal proteins as targets for the development of post-testicular male contraception. Reproduction. 2009 Mar;137(3):379-89. doi: 10.1530/REP-08-0132. Epub 2009 Jan 8. PMID: 19131560
Sitasiwi, AJ., Artama, W.T., Budiyanto, A. Dharmana, E. (2016). Pelacakan protein wingless-type mmtv integration site family member-4 pada uterus mencit. J Vet, 17(1), 71-77.
Sitasiwi, A.J., Isdadiyanto, S., Mardiati, S.M. (2019). Pelacakan Eskpresi Protein pada Testis Mencit (Mus musculus) setelah Paparan Esktrak Etanol Daun Mimba (Azadirachta indica). Jurnal Sain Veteriner. 37(1), 90-96.
Sugiantari, I.A.P., Suaskara, I.B.M., & Suarni, N.M.R. (2020). Konsentrasi Spermatozoa Dan Ketebalan Tubulus Seminiferus Tikus Putih Jantan Setelah Pemberian Seduhan Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera L.). Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences, 7(2), 97-104.
Supriyanto, S., Rifa’i, B.W., Yunianta, M. (2017). Uji Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Daun Mimba (Azaradiracta indica A.Juss). Prosiding Snatif Ke-4. 523-529.
Syahrul, K., Kairufan, C.F., Durry, M.F. (2018). Efek Pemberian Madu terhadap Gambaran Histopatologik Aorta Tikus Wistar (Rattus norvegicus) yang diinduksiMargarin. Jurnal e-Biomedik (eBm). 6(1), 45-50.
Syamsuddin, M. I, Turalaki, G. L. A. & Tendean, L. E. N. (2021). Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Biji Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) terhadap Kualitas Sperma. eBiomedik. 9(1):26-37
Tjiphanata, S., Queljoe E.D., Sudewi S. (2017). Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Dadap Ayam (Erythrina variegata L.) Terhadap Kualitas Spermatozoa Tikus Putih Jantan Galur Wistar (Rattus norvegicus). Pharmacon, 6 (3): 91-98.
Ulfa, P.M., Alioes, Y., Putri, B.O. (2018). Pengaruh Pemberian EkstrakBiji Melinjo(Gnetum gnemon) Terhadap Kadar Trigliserida padaTikus dengan Diet Tinggi Lemak. Jurnal Kesehatan Andalas, 7(2), 192-197.
Verhoeven, G., Willems, A., Denolet, E., Swinnen, J.V., & De Gendt, K. (2010). Androgens and spermatogenesis: lessons from transgenic mouse models. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 365(1546), 1537-1556.
Wahyuni, S., Srihadi, A., Muhammad, A., Tuty, L.Y. (2012). Histologi dan Histomorfometri Testis dan Epididimis
Muncak (Muntiacus muntjak muntjak) pada Periode Ranggah Keras. Jurnal Veteriner. 13(3), 211-219.
Wang, T., Kong, H., Shang, Y., Dupont, S., Peng, J., Wang, X., …, & Wang, Y. (2021). Ocean acidification but not hypoxia alters the gonad performance in the thick shell mussel Mytilus coruscus. Marine Pollution Bulletin 167: 112282.
Widhiantara,I.G., Permatasari, A.A., Ayu, P., Ferbian, M.S., Ni, P.E.S.D. (2018). Ekstrak Daun Sembung (Blumea Balsamifera) Memperbaiki Histologi Testis Tikus Wistar yang Diinduksi Pakan Tinggi Lemak. Jurnal Bioteknologi & Biosains Indonesia. 5(2), 111-118.
Wuwungan, C., Edwin de Q., Defny S. W. (2017). Kualitas spermatozoa tikus putih jantan galur wistar (Rattus norvegicus L.) setelah pemberian ekstrak etanol daun sirih (Piper betle L.). Pharmacon, 6(3).
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.