Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Gastropoda di Pantai Selatan Kabupaten Pamekasan, Madura

Abstract

Pesisir selatan Kabupaten Pamekasan memiliki beberapa pantai dengan profil yang berbeda-beda. Perbedaan profil pantai tersebut tampak pada substrat dasar perairan masing-masing, sehingga komunitas biota dasar perairan, misalnya Gastropoda yang terdapat di pantai-pantai tersebut juga berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis, keanekaragaman, dan kelimpahan Gastropoda di pantai selatan Kabupaten Pamekasan Madura. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode transek dilakukan di pantai selatan Pamekasan pada tiga stasiun penelitian, yaitu Pantai Bengkal, Pantai Talang Siring, dan Pantai Jumiang. Pada setiap pantai ditentukan tiga garis transek ke arah laut dan pada masing-masing garis transek dibagi menjadi tiga bagian, yaitu intertidal atas, intertidal tengah, dan intertidal bawah. Keanekaragaman Gastropoda dianalisis berdasarkan perhitungan indeks keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan relatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di pantai selatan Kabupaten Pamekasan Madura ditemukan 29 jenis Gastropoda yang terbagi ke dalam 14 famili. Indeks keanekaragaman Gastropoda di Pantai Bengkal memiliki nilai indeks keanekaragaman tertinggi, yaitu sebesar 2,4398 diikuti Pantai Talang Siring (2,0988) dan Pantai Jumiang (1,6200) Indeks keanekaragaman jenis Gastropoda sebesar 3,0075, termasuk kategori keanekaragaman yang tinggi. Gastropoda yang paling melimpah adalah Nassarius distortus diikuti Littoraria scabra dan Nassarius leptospirus dengan kelimpahan relatif berturut-turut 11,21%; 9,09%; dan 8,03%. Informasi ini menegaskan bahwa indeks keragaman Gastropoda rendah ditemukan di pantai yang menjadi tujuan wisata dan dekat pemukiman penduduk (pantai Jumiang), sehingga diperlukan pengendalian terhadap pencemaran pantai akibat aktivitas manusia.

Southern shores of Pamekasan consists of beaches with different profiles. The difference can be found in the type of substrate which causes variation of invertebrate community living in this shores, i.e.gastropods. The study aimed to identify the species of gastropods as well as to describe the diversity and abundance of gastropods in the southern shores of Pamekasan Madura. Sampling was carried out on three research stations located at the southern shores of Pamekasan (Bengkal Beach, Talang Siring Beach, and Jumiang Beach). Three transect lines were placed at each research station and each transect line was divided into three sampling sites, namely upper intertidal, middle intertidal, and lower intertidal. The diversity of gastropods was analyzed using the diversity index and relative abundance. The results showed that 29 species of gastropods which belong to 14 families were found in the southern shores of Pamekasan. The diversity of gastropods in southern shores of Pamekasan was high (the diversity index was 3.0075). The most abundant species was Nassarius distortus, followed by Littoraria scabra and Nassarius leptospirus with relative abundance 11.21%; 9.09%; and 8.03%, respectively found in tourist destinations and near settlements (Jumiang beach), so that the necessary control of coastal pollution due to human activity. This information confirms that the diversity index of gastropods were low, especially found in coastal tourist destinations and near settlements (Jumiang beach), so that the necessary control of coastal pollution due to human activity. Found on the beach that become tourist destinations and near settlements (Jumiang beach), so that the necessary control of coastal pollution due to human activity.