Dinamika Psikologis Perubahan Citra Tubuh Pada Wanita Pada Saat Kehamilan

Risa Juliadilla(1),


(1) Program Studi Psikologi Fakultas Ilmu Sosial Budaya Universitas Gajayana Malang

Abstract

Abstrak. Kehamilan merupakan fase penting bagi para wanita karena sebagai periode perubahan bagi penampilan dan berat badan. Sebagian wanita mampu menerima perubahan bentuk tubuhnya  dan merasa senang dengan perubahan saat kehamilan, namun juga terdapat beberapa wanita tidak merasa puas dengan bentuk badannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk  memahami dinamika psikologis pada wanita hamil yang mengalami perubahan pada bentuk tubuhnya. Subjek pada penelitian ini adalah dua wanita yang sedang hamil trisemester 2 dan 3 serta  mengalami perubahan berat badan diluar rekomendasi ahli kesehatan (bidan atau dokter). Data diperoleh dari melalui wawancara pada subjek dan informan yang sering berinteraksi dengan subjek. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah wawancara, obeservasi dan asesmen diri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan pendekatan fenomenologi.. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik analisis data  model Miles & Huberman yaitu reduksi data,  penyajian data,  penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Pengujian validitas menggunakan triangulasi data dan teori, diskusi bersama dengan rekan sejawat dan mengadakan member check hasil wawancara untuk mengetahui kesesuaian data dengan subjek. Pengujian reliabilitas menggunakan uji depenability yaitu memastikan koherensi  dengan diskusi mengenai temuan dan analisis pada orang lain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa wanita saat hamil juga sering  merasa tidak puas dengan citra tubuh selama masa kehamilan. Berdasarkan hasil dinamika psikologis pada kedua subjek, proses skema merupakan penentuan penafsiran individu mengenai dirinya termasuk perubahan citra tubuh yang dialaminya. Penafsiran negatif pada diri subjek akan mempengaruhi emosi individu dan terwujudkan dalam bentuk sikap. Disamping itu juga terdapat kontribusi penilaian dan perbandingan dari pihak eksternal sehingga menimbulkan penilaian serta penafsiran pada masing-masing subjek.  Penafsiran  tersebut mempengaruhi komponen persepsi, sikap dan perilaku subjek mengenai citra tubuhnya selama masa kehamilan.

 

Abstract. Pregnancy is an important phase for women because as a period of change for appearance and weight. Some women are able to accept changes in body form and was pleased with the changes during pregnancy, but there are also some women do not feel satisfied with her body shape.This research is aimed to understand the psychological dynamic happening to pregnant women into experience the changing of their bodies. The subjects of this research are two women who are second and third tri semester of their pregnancies and they face the changing of their weights beyond the health expert recomendation (midwife or doctor). Data were obtained from interviews on the subject and informants who often interact with the subject. Data collection techniques used were interviews, observation and self assessment.This research uses qualitative method with phenomenalogical approach. This study uses data analysis techniques model of Miles & Huberman of data reduction, data presentation, conclusion and verification. Testing the validity of using triangulation of data and theory, discussions with colleagues and holding member check on the interview to determine the suitability of the data subject. Reliability testing using depenability test is to ensure coherence with the discussions on the findings and analysis on others. The result of this research shows that pregnant women often feel not satistfied with their body’s image during their pregnancy periods. Based on the psychological dynamic results on those two subjects, schema process is the well as the experience of the changing of their body’s image. Negative intepretation of the subjects themselves will influences their individual emotions and will be shown through their attitude. Beside that, there also the assesment contribution and the comparison from external side that cause assesment interpretation to each subject.The interpretation influences components of perception, attitude and behavior of body’s image changing through pregnancy period. 

Keywords

Body Image, Women, Pregnancy

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