Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Mikroorganisme Penghasil Pigmen dari Limbah Kulit Kentang

F Fibriana(1), A V Amalia(2), I Mubarok(3),


(1) Jurusan IPA Terpadu, FMIPA, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
(2) Jurusan IPA Terpadu, FMIPA, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia
(3) Jurusan Biologi, FMIPA, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia

Abstract

Aplikasi pewarna sintetik sangat digemari dalam berbagai proses industri karena mudah diperoleh dengan harga yang terjangkau. Akan tetapi, penggunaan pewarna sintetik secara berlebihan dalam jangka waktu yang lama dapat menimbulkan masalah kesehatan dan lingkungan yang serius. Masalah yang muncul akibat penggunaan pewarna sintetik menginduksi ketertarikan dunia industri untuk beralih memanfaatkan pigmen alami. Dalam penelitian ini, dilakukan isolasi dan identifikasi mikroorganisme penghasil pigmen dari limbah kulit kentang. Enam isolat bakteri, jamur benang dan khamir berhasil diperoleh, dengan nama isolat B1, B2, J1, J2, J3, dan K1. Identifikasi secara morfologi pada koloni dan sel menunjukkan bahwa isolat B1 merujuk pada genus Bacillus, sedangkan isolat B2 merujuk pada genus Streptococcus. Isolat J1 memiliki karakteristik yang mirip dengan genus Trichoderma, sedangkan isolat J2 dan J3 memiliki ciri yang hampir sama dengan genus Aspergillus. Terakhir, isolat K1 memiliki karakteristik yang merujuk pada genus Geotrichum. Hasil penelitian ini merupakan referensi untuk penelitian selanjutnya yaitu identifikasi spesies mikroorganisme secara molekuler menggunakan teknik PCR, sekuensing dan pencocokan homologi di database gene bank, serta mengenai karakterisasi dan aplikasi pigmen pada proses pewarnaan batik. 

Application of synthetic dyes is very popular in many industrial processes because it is easily obtained at an affordable price. However, an excessive use of synthetic dyes in the long period can cause the serious health and environmental problems. Problems arising from the use of synthetic dyes induce the interest in the industrial field come back to utilize the natural pigments. In this study, we conducted the isolation and identification of pigment-producing microorganisms from potato peel. Six isolates of bacteria, fungi and yeasts were successfully acquired, by the name of isolates B1, B2, J1, J2, J3, and K1. Identification of the colony and cell morphology showed that isolates B1 refers to the genus Bacillus, whereas isolates B2 refers to the genus Streptococcus. Isolates J1 has characteristics similar to genus Trichoderma, while isolates J2 and J3 have characteristics similar to genus Aspergillus. Finally, isolates K1 has a characteristic that refers to the genus Geotrichum. The results of this study can be used as a reference for future research, i.e. the identification of species name using sequencing techniques and homology searching at the gene bank database, as well as the characterization and application of pigment in the dyeing process of batik.

Keywords

microorganisms; natural pigment; potato peel

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