PENGARUH TEMPERATUR DAN WAKTU PADA REAKSI HIDRASI α-PINENA DARI MINYAK TERPENTIN DENGAN KATALIS ZEOLIT ALAM

N Wijayati(1), Supartono -(2), SBW Kusuma(3),


(1) Gedung D6 Lantai 2, Kampus Unnes Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang, 50229
(2) Gedung D6 Lantai 2, Kampus Unnes Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang, 50229
(3) Gedung D6 Lantai 2, Kampus Unnes Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang, 50229

Abstract

Minyak terpentin dapat dihasilkan dari penyulingan getah pohon pinus (famili Pinaceae). Kandungan utama minyak terpentin adalah senyawa -pinena dengan rumus kimia 2,6,6-trimetil, bisiklo [3.1.1]-2-heptena. Harga jual minyak terpentin sangat murah dan saat ini banyak dikenal sebagai pengencer dan pelarut cat. Salah satu usaha untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonomi minyak terpentin adalah dengan melakukan transformasi senyawa -pinena menjadi senyawa derivatnya melalui reaksi hidrasi senyawa -pinena. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh temperatur dan waktu pada reaksi α-pinena dengan katalis zeolit. Penelitian dilakukan dalam tiga tahap. Tahap pertama adalah isolasi α-pinena dari minyak terpentin dan preparasi katalis zeolit. Tahap kedua adalah transformasi -pinena hasil isolasi minyak terpentin menjadi terpineol menggunakan katalis zeolit alam dengan variasi temperatur dan waktu reaksi. Tahap ketiga adalah penentuan hasil reaksi berdasarkan hasil kromatogram GC, IR dan GC-MS. Hasil reaksi transformasi tersebut dianalisis dengan membandingkan kromatogram hasil reaksi dengan kromatogram senyawa -pinena minyak terpentin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa reaksi transformasi -pinena dengan katalis zeolit alam terbukti menghasilkan senyawa flavor -terpineol dengan selektivitas 59,12% temperatur 65oC dan waktu 120 menit. Zeolit terbukti dapat mengkatalisis reaksi transformasi -pinena menjadi -terpineol.

Turpentine oil can be produced from the distillation of pine tree sap (family Pinaceae). The main content of turpentine oil is α-pinene with the chemical formula of 2,6,6-trimethyl, bicyclo [3.1.1-2-heptene. The selling price of turpentine is very cheap and is now widely known as paint thinners and solvents. One attempt to increase the economic value of turpentine oil is by transforming the α-pinene into its derivatives by hydration reaction of α-pinene. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of temperature and reaction time on α-pinene with natural zeolite catalysts. The study was conducted in three phases. The first phase was isolation of α-pinene from turpentine oil and preparation of zeolite catalysts. The second phase was the transformation of the isolated α-pinene from turpentine oil into terpineol using natural zeolite catalyst with variation of temperature and reaction time. The third stage was the determination of the reaction result based on the GC chromatogram, IR and GC-MS. The result of the transformation reactions were analyzed by comparing the chromatogram of the reaction products with chromatograms of α-pinene from turpentine oil. The results showed that the transformation of α-pinene with natural zeolite catalysts has proven to produce flavor compounds of α-terpineol with selectivity value of 59.12%, at temperature 65C and with reaction time of 120 minutes. Zeolite has been proven to be able to catalyze the α-pinene transformation into α-terpineol.

Keywords

natural zeolite catalyst, turpentine oil, hydration reaction α-pinene

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