Syntactic Analysis of Chinese Imperative Function in "The Captain" Movie

This article analyzes the function of imperative sentences contained in the "The Captain" movie by applying Zhang's theory of imperative sentence function. The research method used is descriptive qualitative research methods. The data source in this research is the 2019 China movie“The Captain” (中国机长 Zhōngguó Jīzhǎng). The data are imperative words and sentences in the movie. The data collection technique used was the observation and note technique according to Mahsun, then used the data analysis technique of Miles and Huberman. Researchers found 281 imperative sentences in "The Captain" movie and analyze the imperative function. The most widely used imperative function is the commanding function, which is 80 sentences. Meanwhile, the least function used was a threatening function with only 1 sentence. The commanding function is more dominant than other functions and is found in the conversations between officers to passengers, flight attendants to passengers, communication between officers and others. The commanding function is also mostly found in the officer’s conversations, especially when they were facing an emergency situation. Meanwhile, the words used by the officers, flight attendants, and the captain were showing respect and courtesy. So that the threatening function was less found in this movie. There are no requesting and begging functions because this movie tells about the incident of the Sichuan flight 8633, including the service of the aircraft officers and the confidence of the officers in facing the emergency situation at that time.


INTRODUCTION
In our daily lives, we use language as a means of communication to interact with people around us. There are so many languages that are used to communicate in this world, including Indonesian, English, Mandarin, Japanese, Arabic, French, and many more. The study of language is called linguistics. The object of linguistic study is language. ' Language according to Kridalaksana as cited in Chaer (2007, p. 32) "language is a system of arbitrary sound symbols 'not fixed', which are used by members of social groups to cooperate, communicate and identify themselves." In this case, it means that language does not have a direct, obligatory relationship between the symbol, so that language is the result of an agreement between speakers of languages in society.
Along with the very rapid development of China's economy, Indonesians are interested in learning the country's language, namely Mandarin. If someone can communicate in Mandarin, that means that person has also learned the grammar. The study of grammar is syntax. According to Kridalaksana (2001: 199), syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies the arrangement and relationships between words and words, or between words and larger units, or between larger units in a language. This means that syntax is a branch of linguistics that studies the relationship between word units from phrases, clauses to sentences. The sentence is a language unit that is relatively independent, has a final intonation pattern, and consists of clauses. Alwi (2003, p. 353) states that the type of sentence according to the syntax consists of declarative sentences, interrogative sentences, exclamative sentences, and imperative sentences. Declarative sentences are sentences in the form of statements which can be in the form of narration, argumentation, information, or description. An interrogative sentence or an interrogative sentence is basically distinguished from the question mark that accompanies the sentence. The contents of the exclamation expressed a feeling of awe and wonder. Meanwhile, the imperative sentence is fully emphasized on the command whose reference point is more to the object in question.
The researcher chose imperative sentences as the object of research because imperative sentences have various functions. Imperative sentences generally function to order/order someone to do something. When collecting research data, the researcher found that imperative sentences also served to provide suggestions, beg, give warnings, and so on. This makes researchers interested in researching imperative sentences. The use of imperative sentences is very commonly found in movies.
A movie is a work of art in the form of a series of live images that are played to produce a moving image that is served as a form of entertainment. One of them is the famous movie in 2019, namely "The Captain" movie( 中 国 机 长 Zhōngguó Jīzhǎng). The Captain is a Chinese drama movie directed by Andrew Lau. The movie was released in China on September 30, 2019. The use of imperative sentences is found in the dialogue between characters, be it between pilots and co-workers, between airplane passengers, and between flight attendants. "The Captain" movie teaches the moral values of life to always respect life, respect work and invites the audience to obey the rules that have been made. Don't look at your cellphone anymore, can you? (Duration 11:50) Example (1) is an imperative sentence. In terms of function, it is a weak category imperative that expresses a request, marked with the word 请 qǐng 'please, please' at the beginning of the sentence. Example (2) includes the strong category of reprimanding imperative sentence type. The speaker (wife) admonishes the listener (husband) to stop looking at his cell phone.
Research on imperative sentences was also carried out by several researchers. Wang (2016) in his research entitled "Analysis of Imperative Sentences in ( 大 唐 西 域 记 dàtángxīyùjì Great Tang Notes)" discusses imperative sentence structure and sees its changes. Hu (2018) in his research entitled "Comparative Analysis of Imperative Sentences in ( 发 展 汉 语 fāzhǎn hànyǔ) and ( 汉 语 教 程 hànyǔ p-ISSN 1858-0165 Available online at http://journal.unnes.ac.id e-ISSN 2460-853X 339 jiàochéng)" examines the comparison of imperative sentence forms and functions in the two learning materials. Murdiana (2019) in a study entitled "Syntax Analysis on Imperative Sentences in Suicide Squad Movie Script" analyzes the function of imperative sentences in communication in the movie. In line with the research above, this study analyzes imperative sentences that are specifically focused on the function of imperative sentences. Unlike previous studies, this study uses Zhang's theory and the 2019 "The Captain" movie as the source of data in this study. This movie tells about the incident of the Sichuan flight 8633 and the use of imperative sentences found in conversations between aircraft officers and other related parties so that the functions of the imperative sentences found are of course more diverse and the words used tend to be different from previous researchers.

METHODOLOGY
This article used a qualitative descriptive study. According to Sukmadinata (2011: 73), qualitative descriptive research is aimed at describing an existing phenomena, both natural and human engineering, which pay more attention to characteristics, quality, linkages between activities. The data source of this research was obtained from a Chinese movie, namely "The Captain". The data in this study are imperative words and sentences contained in "The Captain" movie.
Researchers used two kinds of data collection techniques, namely listening techniques and note-taking techniques. The listening technique is used to listen to language usage. The term listening here is not only limited to spoken language but also the use of written language. The note-taking technique means recording several forms that are relevant to research from the use of written language (Mahsun, 2005, p. 92).
The data analysis technique used in this study was the qualitative analysis proposed by Miles and Huberman. The first step the researcher took was to find data sources by downloading "The Captain" movie on the internet. Then the researcher listens to the conversation and marks the imperative words/sentences contained in the movie. The final step after listening to conversations in the movie is to note the imperative sentences contained in the movie, which will then be classified based on their function. Finally, conclude the results of the discussion.
This study uses the Zhang theory, Zhang (2014) divides imperative sentences into 3 main categories based on the tone of speech, namely strong, neutral, and weak which distinguish the function of each imperative sentence. He stated that the strong imperative sentence has 4 functions to give instructions, command, admonish and threaten. Neutral imperative sentences have 6 functions, namely giving suggestions, advice, permission, reminding, entertaining, and showing politeness. Furthermore, the weak imperative sentence has 3 functions to express asking, requesting, and begging.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Researchers found 281 imperative sentences in "The Captain" movie with a different number of each imperative sentence function. To clarify the function of imperative sentences in "The Captain" movie, the researcher presents the data in the form of the figure below.

Fingure 2
The Function of the Imperative Sentence in "The Captain" Movie Figure 2 shows the function of imperative sentences in "The Captain" movie, the most widely used imperative function is the command function, which is 80. Meanwhile, the least function found is threatening function as many as 1 (one).

Strong Category Imperative Sentences
The use of imperative sentences in this category seems stronger, the speaker asks the listener to do something and does not provide a choice. Speakers often use a firm, direct tone to influence the will of the listener, and levels of politeness are relatively low. The strong category imperative sentence has 4 functions to give instructions, command, admonish and threaten.
The following is a table of the number of uses of the imperative sentence function in the strong category in "The Captain" movie. Table 1 shows the functions of imperative sentences "commanding" and "giving instructions", which are mostly found in "The Captain" movie, namely 80 and 76. Furthermore, there are 13 "admonishing" function. Meanwhile, there is only one "threatening" function in "The Captain" movie. Threatening 1

Giving Instructions Function
The speaker gives direct instructions to the listener, mostly in formal communication, serious situations such as organizing assignments, military training, commando operations, training programs and official duties.
(1) 民航局主任: 今天上午七点到九点之间, 有个强对流云团将会对经过该区域的航路产生比较大的影 响。 mínháng jú zhǔrèn: jīntiān shàngwǔ qī diǎn dào jiǔ diǎn zhījiān, yǒu gè qiáng duìliú yún tuán jiāng huì duì jīngguò gāi qūyù de hánglù chǎnshēng bǐjiào dà de yǐngxiǎng. Data 1 shows the conversation of the Beijing Civil Aviation Administration's Director to all air traffic administrators before the departure of the Sichuan 8633 flight. They had anticipated a cloud that would affect the flight at that time. After hearing the report, Wang Mo (the administrative head of the southwest air traffic control room) immediately conveyed this to his members:" 密 切 留意这段时间 进出藏的航班 mìqiè liúyì zhè duàn shíjiān jìnchū cáng de hángbān" (pay more attention to flights to and from Tibet). It is included in the imperative sentence characterized by the presence of the verbal phrase " 密 切 留 意 mìqiè liúyì" (pay more attention). In this case, Wang Mo as the chairman was giving instructions to the members. Social relations between speakers that trigger the function of imperative sentences provide instructions, namely leadership to subordinates.

Commanding Function
The speaker directly assigns or instructs the listener to do something, which mostly occurs in informal, casual events or in areas of everyday life.
(3) 机器 : 请吹气 ! jīqì : qǐng chuīqì ! Engine : Please exhale! 机器 : 正常。 jīqì : zhèngcháng! Engine : Normal! (The Captain，2019, 05:25-05:31) Data 2 shows the existence of a pilot's health check before making a flight using the engine. The machine ordered the second captain to exhale, to see the condition of his body. The machine gives the command: "请吹气 qǐng chuīqì" (exhale please), then the machine detects the second captain's breath and the result is normal. In this case, the Speaker (machine) directly commands the listener to do something. The imperative sentence is indicated by the presence of the particle "请 qǐng" (please), followed by the verbal phrase " 吹 气 chuīqì" (exhale).

Admonishing Function
The speaker immediately rebukes the listener for doing something, which often happens in contexts where the listener has certain words and actions that make the speaker dissatisfied. From the perspective of the text in which the imperative sentence occurs, there are often some slang, derogatory words or words that indicate the speaker's negative emotions etc. 航空爱好者:飞机起飞之后没有自动加压，机舱上所有人很快就缺氧昏迷了。 hángkōng àihào zhě: fēijī qǐfēi zhīhòu méiyǒu zìdòng jiā yā, jīcāng shàng suǒyǒu rén hěn kuài jiù quēyǎng hūnmíle.
Aviation Buff: After the plane took off, there was no pressure automatically, everyone in the cabin immediately fell into a coma from lack of oxygen.

Threatening Function
Speakers threaten listeners to do something and implied content often states or implies that the listener will be punished or suffer if he / she does not comply. From the perspective of the text in which the imperative sentence occurs, there are often words that indicate the speaker's strong or harsh actions ( Data 4 shows the passengers on the Sichuan 8633 plane have landed safely at the Chengdu Airport. Passengers gather around the plane. Several passengers asked to meet with the captain, one of them was Mr. Wu. He said: "我们只想见一 下 机 长 ， 要 不 我 们 不 上 车 wǒmen zhǐ xiǎngjiàn yīxià jīzhǎng, yào bù wǒmen bù shàngchē" (We just wanted to see the captain for a while, otherwise we won't get on the pick up bus). Mr. Wu conveyed his threat that if they were not granted a meeting with the captain, they would not take the pick-up bus. The sentence uttered by Mr. Wu is an imperative sentence which has a threatening function, marked by the clause "我们只 想见一下机长 wǒmen zhǐ xiǎngjiàn yīxià jīzhǎng" (we just wanted to meet the captain) followed by a link " 要 不 yàobù" (otherwise) as a liaison that emphasizes a threat.

Neutral Category Imperative Sentences
The use of imperative sentences in this category seems relaxed and the speaker subtly suggests something to the listener. In this case, the speaker considers, appreciates and provides options to the listener. Neutral category imperative sentences have 6 functions, namely giving suggestion, advice, permission, reminding, entertaining and showing politeness. Table 2 shows that the most imperative sentence functions found in this category are the 40 functions "remind". Furthermore, the function of "giving suggestions" is 22 units, followed by the functions of entertaining, giving advice, giving permission and showing politeness with the numbers 19, 11, 8, 6. Showing Politeness 6

Giving Suggestion Function
The speaker advises the listener to do something and the decision to follow the suggestion is up to the speaker. There are often several particles that reflect the speaker's negotiating intentions or the particle " 吧 ba" is often used, or uses the intonation in it (6) 机长: 这团云可够大的。 jīzhǎng: zhè tuán yún kě gòu dà de.
Captain: These clouds can be quite large.
Captain: When we go, we can increase the height to avoid these clouds.
Captain: Then when we come back, this cloud is gone.
(The Captain，2019, 07:26-07:35) Data 5 shows the Pilot who was in a meeting before making the flight. The captain is also aware of a large cloud that will affect their flight. The captain said: "去的时候咱们可以上高度避开云的前 端 qù de shíhòu zánmen kěyǐ shàng gāodù bì kāi yún de qiánduān" (When we go, we can raise the altitude to avoid this cloud). The captain's advice was to "raise the altitude while flying" in order to avoid the cloud. The words of the captain belong to the neutral category imperative sentence which has the function of "giving advice" which is indicated by the verbal phrase " 可 以 上 高 度 kěyǐ shàng gāodù" (can raise the height). The social relations between speakers that trigger the imperative sentence function provide suggestions, namely equal relations (among colleagues).

Giving Advice Function
The speaker asks the listener to do something, something very important, but subconsciously thinks the listener is not paying enough attention or is worried that the listener will forget. Particles to emphasize the tone that are often used in sentences, such as " 千 万 qiānwàn" (must), "务必 wùbì" (required), "可 kě" (must) and so on. The researcher found that the function of giving advice in this movie was marked by the words " 一 定 yīdìng" (must) and " 特 别 tèbié" (special). Data 6 shows the passengers waiting at the airport for ticket inspection. Likewise with one of the passengers on the Sichuan 8633 plane, namely the tour group. After the tour guide distributed their tickets, he explained about the conditions in Lhasa. One of the group members, a mother wants to dance at the Potala Palace. Hearing this, the tour guide immediately said: "阿姨，一定不能剧烈活动 āyí, yīdìng bùnéng jùliè huódòng" (Mom, should avoid such activities) meaning the tour guide emphasizes the mother to avoid activities (dancing at the Potala Palace). In this case the imperative sentence is marked with the word " 一 定 yīdìng" (must), followed by the verbal phrase "不能剧烈活 动 bùnéng jùliè huódòng" (not to do such activities). The social relations between speakers that trigger the imperative sentence function of giving advice, namely the relationship between leaders and subordinates.

Giving Permission Function
Speaker subjectively gives permission or agrees to the listener to do something. This appears frequently in dialogue responses. Particles that are often used such as "吧 ba" or the word "可 以 kěyǐ (may)". Data 7 shows passengers doing security checks at the entrance before entering the airport.
After the inspection was over, the security guard broke the seal and said: " 来 ， 可 以 进 了 lái, kěyǐ jìnle" (come, you may enter). In addition, the imperative sentence above is also marked with the verb " 来 lái" (come) at the beginning to indicate direction, followed by the verbal phrase "可以进了 kěyǐ jìnle" (may enter).

Reminding Function
The speaker reminds the listener to do something and uses the words " 小 心 xiǎoxīn careful", 当心 dāngxīn beware, 留心 liúxīn careful, 注意 zhùyì pay attention, 留神 liúshén careful "and others in sentences to remind the listener to be aware of what that occurs, showing the speaker's concern or concern for the listener.

Showing Politeness Function
This type of imperative sentence is special, the subject of the conversation does not care whether the other party takes this action, that is, the conceptual meaning of this type of imperative sentence has been softened, and the interpersonal meaning is very prominent and sounds relatively polite. In Modern Chinese, the many uses of functions denoting politeness are indicated by the words "有空再来玩 yǒu kòng zàilái wán", "请留步 qǐng liúbù", "不送 bù sòng", "再见 zàijiàn", "拜托 bàituō", "慢点儿 màn diǎnr ", "劳驾 láojià "," 回聊 huíliáo "、" 再会 zàihuì "etc. Data 10 shows the chief flight attendant who delivered food to Mr. Wu, who was a guest of the airline's business class. After delivering Mr. Wu's food (noodles), the flight attendant said: (12) "吴先生 ，您的小面 ，请慢用 wúxiānsheng, nín de xiǎomiàn, qǐng mànyòng" (Mr. Wu, here are your noodles, please enjoy). In the sentence there is a verbal phrase " 请 慢 用 qǐng mànyòng" (please enjoy) which was uttered by the head of the flight attendant to show his politeness.

Weak Category Imperative Sentence
Weak category imperative sentences have 3 functions to express asking, requesting and begging. Table 3 shows the functions of the imperative sentences that are most commonly found in the weak category is expressing a request of 5 pieces. As for the functions "requesting" and "begging" are not found in "The Captain" movie because this movie mostly tells about the incident of the Sichuan flight number 8633. In this movie tells about how the communication of captains, officers, flight attendants, passengers and other parties.

Asking Function
The speaker makes his request to the listener politely, hoping the listener can do what he wants. Polite words that are often used in sentences, such as "请 qǐng please", "劳驾 láojià (please help)", "行 个 方 便 xínggè fāngbiàn (please help)", " 帮 帮 忙 bāngbāng máng (please help)", " 麻 烦 你 máfan nǐ (please help) "etc. The speaker hopes to impress the listener with a respectful manner that encourages the listener to take the action the speaker wants. Data 11 shows the security officer who asked for the signature of the chief flight attendant.
The officer said: "麻 烦签 一下字 máfan qiān yíxià zi" (please sign here briefly). The imperative sentence is indicated by the presence of the particle " 麻 烦 máfan" which expresses a request. Furthermore, it is denoted by the verbal phrase "签 一 下 字 qiān yíxià zi" (brief signature here). The social relations between speakers that trigger the imperative sentence function expressing demand, that is, equal relations (among colleagues). In addition, Requesting Function and Begging Function are not found in "The Captain" movie.

CONCLUSION
The most widely used imperative function is the command function, which is 80 units. Meanwhile, the least function found was threatening function as much as 1 (one). The function of commanding is more dominant than other functions and is found mostly in the conversations between officers and passengers, flight attendants to passengers, communication between officers and other related parties. The commanding function is also mostly found in the conversations of officers, especially when they are facing an emergency. Meanwhile, the words used by both the flight attendants and the captain as a whole show respect and courtesy. So that there is a very little threatening function to be found in this movie. The researcher did not find the begging function and begging function in this movie. This is because this movie mostly tells about the incident of Sichuan flight number 8633, including the service of the aircraft officers and the confidence of the officers in facing an emergency at that time. This movie also tells about how the captain, officers, flight attendants, passengers, and other related parties communicate. It is recommended that readers who are interested in researching imperative sentences can expand their study and object of research by discussing other imperative sentences. Besides, "The Captain" movie can be used as a reference for other research objects.