Study of Mistletoe in Joben Resort Forest Mount Rinjani Lombok

Mistletoes are one group of hemiparasite plants, including the Lorantaceae family that have potential as medicinal. These hemiparasite plants can attack flowering plant (Magnoliophyta) and non-floweing plant (Pinophyta), especially on the main stems, branches and twigs. The objective of this research is to identify the species of mistletoe and its hosts, make identification key, descriptions, and to make a distribution map of mistletoe in Joben Resort forest south of Mount Rinjani Lombok. This study is descriptive explorative research with three kinds of collecting sample methods i.e exploration, continous strip sampling, and delenation method. The research found five species of mistletoes are included in three genera i.e Amyema cuernosensis, Amyema enneantha, Amyema tristis, Macrosolen retusus and Scurrula artropurpurea. These five kinds of mistletoe are associated with 23 hosts species of plants, 18 genera from 13 families. The most favorite host of these mistletoes is Ficus septica, and the most agresive mistletoe is Scurrula artropurpurea. The important finding of the research is finding new species or new record of mistletoes. The benefit of these new record or new species is providing new material of new medicinal for treating some diseases such as various cancers.

rich of water resources.Its terrain and vegetation is a potential place to find mistletoes.Since each area is geographically different, the climate and the environment will also be different.It is very common to find many different kinds of mistletoes.Joben Resort forest area was divided into three areas, namely: 1. the edges of woods and trails tracking composed of secondary forests; 2. the middle section is composed of primary forest; 3. The top section (> 1750 m above sea level (asl.)) is composed of savanna.
The objective of this research is to determine the species of mistletoe, and their hosts, to make identification key, descriptions, and to make a mistletoe species distribution map in Joben Resort forest area which is located in the southern slope of Mount Rinjani Lombok.

METHODS
Mistletoe exploration in Joben Resort forest area which is located in the southern part of Mount Rinjani Lombok.The research was held on July-November 2016.The environmental data were recorded such as the habitat, air temperature, air moisture, altitudes, slopes, and coordinates position of mistletoes finding.Mistletoes specimens and their hosts were identified morphological features by using both keys and descriptions from various taxonomic literatures previously reported such as Backer & Bakh. f. (1965), Barlow (1929Barlow ( , 1991Barlow ( and 1997)), Denser (1935), Radford, et al. (1974) and URL: http:// theplantlist.org.
The research was conducted using three kinds of collecting samples methods: exploration method (Rugayah, et al., 2004), continuous strip sampling method (Simon, 2007), and delineation method (Mulyaningsih, et al., 2014).The samples were taken by making five vertical lines in Joben Resort forest area in the southern slope of Mount Rinjani Lombok.

INTRODUCTION
Mistletoe is one of hemyparasite in Loranthaceae family.It usually attacks shrubsor trees especially on the trunks and branches.These mistletoes will creep the host plants by inserting their haustoria into the host branches or with internal or external epicortical runner (Vidal-Russell & Nickrent, 2008a).Since the growth is ruined, some trees will probably wither event die.Loranthaceae family consist of 73 genera and 950 species.Most of its live in tropical, subtropical or temperate climate.Malesia is reported to have 23 genera and 193 species of Loranthaceae family (Barlow, 1997, Vidal-Russell & Nickrent, 2008b).
Indonesia reportedly has 174 species of mistletoes that consists of 26 genera.There are 38species of mistletoe (Loranthaceae family) in Java.The number of species found in West Java, namely 29 species (Sunaryo, 2008), in East Java and Central Java respectively represent 19 and 15 species of mistletoes (Sunaryo, et al., 2010 andYunita, 2014).In Bali, there are four species of Loranthaceae found in Eka Karya Botanical Garden i.e.Dendrophthoe pentandra, Helixanthera cylindrica, Scurrula atropurpurea, and Scurrula parastisica.Viscaceae family consists of two species i.e. of Viscum articulatum and Viscum ovalifolium which are found in Purwodadi (Sunaryo, et al., 2007).
Mistletoe indicated threating to the citrus industry in Ghana.A drastic drop in yield of the citrus plants when attacked by the mistletoe (95%), poor growth of the citrus plants (65%) and mortality when severely infected (55%).Mistletoe also give infestation results in yield loss averaging between 5% and 85.5%.It this agrees with the findings of studies on the prevalence of mistletoe on the citrus orchards in the Eastern Region of Ghana and in Sudan.It was reported that mistletoe infestation causes drastic growth retardation, yield loss and subsequent killing of the citrus plants ( Asare-Bediako, et al., 2013).
Mistletoe is not only known as parasit which disturb other plants but also as a potential medicine.Some of research has been done on mistletoe of mango (Dendrophthoe pentandra) as the fisrt as a first step towards phytopharmaca among other phytochemical studies to identify the content of the active compound.Based on the test known that the mango mistletoe contains flavonoids quercetin, meso-inositol, rutin, and tannins.The compounds are active as anticancer possibilities (Pramudanti et al., 2013).
They live under open areas, because they need sunlight to perform photosynthesis.The map of the distribution can be observed also the host of mistletoes:A.enneantha and S. artropurpurea have many of the populations most othersspecies of mistletoes.However in Nigeria lbazia lebbeck was the most vulnerable to mistletoe attack.(Dlama et al., 2016).tis infact one plant species; M. retusus infact four plants species; and S. artropurpurea infect most that 19 species of host plants.The most favourite host of these mistletoes was Ficus septica from Moraceae family.The most aggressive mistletoe was Scurrula artropurpurea.

Figure 7 .
Figure 7. Map of distribution pattern of mistletoes in Joben Resort forest in the southern slope of Mount Rinjani Lombok: A. cuernosensis, A. enneantha, A. tristis, M. resutus, S. Arropurpursa The important finding of the research are finding new species or new record of mistletoes, their hosts.The benefit of these new record or new species are providing new material of new medicinal for treating some diseases such as various cancers.