Studi Etnobotani Pengobatan Tradisional untuk Perawatan Wanita di Masyarakat Keraton Surakarta Hadiningrat

Abstract

Keraton Surakarta memiliki budaya pengobatan tradisional. Pengetahuan tentang tradisi tersebut tersimpan dalam naskah kuno. Seiring dengan kemajuan jaman dan perkembangan pengobatan modern, tradisi pegobatan tradisional mulai menurun. Tujuan dari penelitian ini, untuk mengkaji etnobotani pengobatan tradisional untuk perawatan wanita di Keraton Surakarta. Kajian penelitian meliputi keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan obat komposisi dari ramuan tradisional dan mengkaji tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat Keraton Surakarta dalam penggunaan ramuan tradisional. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Keraton Surakarta dan kelurahan Baluwarti. Pengumpulan data etnobotani dengan wawancara, studi litelatur, survey, dan kuisioner. Data keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan obat diperoleh dari kajian Serat Husada dan hasil wawancara dengan informan. Jenis ramuan tradisional, diulas mengenai komposisi bahan, organ tumbuhan, cara meramu, dan cara pemakaian. Data tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat diambil melalui kuisioner. Jumlah responden sebanyak 60 orang. Analisis data menggunakan Analysis of Variances (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukan 120 spesies tumbuhan obat dari 55 famili digunakan untuk ramuan tradisional. Terdapat 61 jenis ramuan yang digunakan untuk 17 macam perawatan wanita. Hasil kuisioner menunjukkan kecenderungan menurunya tingkat pengetahuan dan penggunaan ramuan tradisional oleh wanita usia muda. Hal ini karena pengaruh kemajuan jaman dan perkembangan pengobatan modern.

Surakarta Palace develops its own traditional medication culture. The knowledge of the tradition is well-preserved in ancient manuscripts. In line with the modern medicine development, the practice of  traditional medical treatment has declined. And therefore the aim of the current study was to evaluate the traditional medical treatment for women in Surakarta Royal Palace. The purpose of the study was to examine the diversity of medicinal plant, the composition of traditional ingredients, and the knowledge level of members of Surakarta Royal Palace. The study was conducted in Surakarta Royal Palace and Baluwarti Village. Ethnobotanical data were collected through interview, literature study, survey and questionnaire. Data of the medicinal plant diversity were accumululated from the study of Serat Husada and from interviews with the informants. The traditional ingredients were reviewed in terms of the composition, the plant organs to be used, how to mix the materials, and how to consume them. Data of the level of public knowledge were taken through questionnaire. There were 60 respondents of the study. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. Research revealed that 120 species of medicinal plants from 55 families were utilized as traditional medicine. As many as 61 medicinal plants were used in 17 types of women treatment. The study also suggested that the knowledge level and the utilization of traditional medicine were decreasing among young women. It was concluded that the modernization of medicinal world has been the main cause of this decrease.