The potential of Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq and Scurrula ferruginea stem from Syzygium aqueum as source of natural antioxidant

Elizabeth Betty Elok Kristiani(1), Sri Kasmiyati(2),

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v14i3.39250


(1) Faculty of Biology, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, Jl. Diponegoro No.52-60, Salatiga, Kec. Sidorejo, Kota Salatiga, Jawa Tengah 50711, Indonesia
(2) Faculty of Biology, Universitas Kristen Satya Wacana, Jl. Diponegoro No.52-60, Salatiga, Kec. Sidorejo, Kota Salatiga, Jawa Tengah 50711, Indonesia

Abstract

Many studies show the antioxidant ability of the parasite plant. This study aims to determine the capacity of Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq and Scurrula ferruginea stem from Syzygium aqueum to use as a natural antioxidant source. The sample was taken from the host Syzygium aqueum. The sampels were exraction with ethanol using maceration. The parameters determined spectrophotometrically using specific reagents that were antioxidant capacity using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, phenolics compounds using Folin-Ciocalteu, flavonoids using AlCl3, ascorbic acid using sulfosalicylic acid, while chlorophyll and carotenoid using dimethyl sulfoxide. The result of D. pentandra (L.) Miq and S. ferruginea extract showed that IC50 were 15.09±1.02 and 20.53±1.77 mg/ml, content of phenolics compounds were 557.45±19.77 and 433.99±20.89 mg GAE/ml extract, flavonoids were 9.72±0.23 and 3.02±0.71 mg QE/ml extract, chlorophylls-a were 2.67± 0.15 and 2.77±0,08 mg/g extract, chlorophylls-b were 3.34±0.06 and 3.44±0.04 mg/g extract, total chlorophylls were 6.01±0.21 mg/g extract, carotenoids were 1.71±0.01 and 2.10±0.01 mg/g extract respectively. The stems of both D. pentandra (L.) Miq and S. ferruginea from Syzygium aqueum have very strong antioxidant abilities so that they are potential to use as a source of natural antioxidants. The compounds support the antioxidant activity were phenolic, flavonoids, and ascorbic acids. The results of this study will open up opportunities to obtain new sources of antioxidants that can be utilized in human health management.

Keywords

antioxidant capacity, Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq., Scurrula ferruginea, maceration, bioactive compounds

Full Text:

PDF

References

Almey, A. A. A., Ahmed Jalal Khan, C., Syed Zahir, I., Mustapha Suleiman, K., Aisyah, M. R., & Kamarul Rahim, K. (2010). Total phenolic content and primary antioxidant activity of methanolic and ethanolic extracts of aromatic plants’ leaves. International Food Research Journal, 17(4), 1077–1084.

Amna, U., Halimatussakdiah, H., Ihsan, F. N., & Wahyuningsih, P. (2021). Evaluation of antioxidant activities from ethyl acetate fraction of curry leaf using DPPH method. Elkawnie, 7(1), 96. https://doi.org/10.22373/ekw.v7i1.8059

Ayoka, T. O., Ezema, B. O., Eze, C. N., & Nnadi, C. O. (2022). Review article antioxidants for the prevention and treatment of non- communicable diseases. Journal of Exploratory Research in Pharmacology, 000(000). https://doi.org/10.14218/JERP.2022.00028

Azwanida, N. (2015). A review on the extraction methods use in medicinal plants, principle, strength and limitation. Medicinal & Aromatic Plants, 04(03), 3–8. https://doi.org/10.4172/2167-0412.1000196

Baiano, A., & Nobile, M. A. Del. (2016). Antioxidant compounds from vegetable matrices: biosynthesis, occurrence, and extraction systems. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 56(12), 2053–2068. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10408398.2013.812059

Balogh, T., & Zsarka, A. (2016). A comparative study: Methods for the determination of ascorbic acid in small and middle sized food analytic laboratories. Acta Alimentaria, 45(3), 354–362. https://doi.org/10.1556/aalim.2015.0017

Bidian, C., Mitrea, D. R., Vasile, O. G., Filip, A., Cătoi, A. F., Moldovan, R., Decea, N., & Albu, A. (2020). Quercetin and curcumin effects in experimental pleural inflammation. Medicine and Pharmacy Reports, 93(3), 260–266. https://doi.org/10.15386/mpr-1484

Chan, E. W. C., Lim, Y. Y., & Mohammed, O. (2007). Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of leaves of Etlingera species (Zingiberaceae) in Peninsular Malaysia. Food Chemistry, 104(4), 1586–1593. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2007.03.023

Ćujić, N., Šavikin, K., Janković, T., Pljevljakušić, D., Zdunić, G., & Ibrić, S. (2016). Optimization of polyphenols extraction from dried chokeberry using maceration as traditional technique. Food Chemistry, 194, 135–142. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2015.08.008

Dontha, S. (2016). A review on antioxidant methods. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research, 9(2), 14–32. https://doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2016.v9s2.13092

Elma, S. N., Badarusham, K., Rosli, D., Salvamani, S., Hassan, M. S., & Hashim, R. (2018). Solvents extraction effects on bioactive compounds of ajwa date (Phoenix Dactylifera L.) flesh using mixture design. Chemical Engineering Transactions, 63, 817–822. https://doi.org/10.3303/CET1863137

Girsang, E., Lister, I. N. E., Ginting, C. N., Sholihah, I. A., Raif, M. A., Kunardi, S., Million, H., & Widowati, W. (2020). Antioxidant and antiaging activity of rutin and caffeic acid. Pharmaciana, 10(2), 147. https://doi.org/10.12928/pharmaciana.v10i2.13010

John, B., Sulaiman, C. T., George, S., & Reddy, V. R. K. (2014). Spectrophotometric estimation of total alkaloids in selected justicia species. International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 6(5), 647–648.

Katsarou, A., Rhizopoulou, S., & Kefalas, P. (2012). Antioxidant potential of the aerial tissues of the mistletoe loranthus europaeus Jacq. Records of Natural Products, 6(4), 394–397.

Kristiani, E. B. E., & Kasmiyati, S. (2021). The combination of Phyllanthus niruri, Euphorbia hirta, and Loranthus sp. as a source of antioxidant agents. Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education, 13(2), 201–211. https://doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v13i2.30718

Kumar, S., & Pandey, A. K. (2013). Chemistry and biological activities of flavonoids: an overview. The Scientific World Journal, 2013, 1–16. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/162750

Marvibaigi, M., Amini, N., Supriyanto, E., Jamil, S., Majid, F. A. A., & Khangholi, S. (2014). Total phenolic content, antioxidant and antibacterial properties of scurrula ferruginea extracts. Jurnal Teknologi, 70(5), 65–72. https://doi.org/10.11113/jt.v70.3517

Naksuriya, O., & Okonogi, S. (2015). Comparison and combination effects on antioxidant power of curcumin with gallic acid, ascorbic acid, and xanthone. Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics, 9(2), 136–141. https://doi.org/10.5582/ddt.2015.01013

Noman, O. M., Mothana, R. A., Al-Rehaily, A. J., Al qahtani, A. S., Nasr, F. A., Khaled, J. M., Alajmi, M. F., & Al-Said, M. S. (2019). Phytochemical analysis and anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of Loranthus acaciae Zucc. grown in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal, 27(5), 724–730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2019.04.008

Oboh, G., Omojokun, O. S., & Ademiluyi, A. O. (2016). Drying methods alter angiotensin-I converting enzyme inhibitory activity, antioxidant properties, and phenolic constituents of african mistletoe (Loranthus bengwensis L) leaves. Journal of Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 21(4), 260–270. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156587215600560

Oliveira, F., De Lima-Saraiva, S., Oliveira, A., Rabelo, S., Rolim, L., & Almeida, J. (2016). Influence of the extractive method on the recovery of phenolic compounds in different parts of Hymenaea martiana hayne. Pharmacognosy Research, 8(4), 270–275. https://doi.org/10.4103/0974-8490.188885

Panche, A. N., Diwan, A. D., & Chandra, S. R. (2016). Flavonoids: An overview. Journal of Nutritional Science, 5. https://doi.org/10.1017/jns.2016.41

Pérez-gálvez, A., Viera, I., & Roca, M. (2020). Antioxidant compounds, assays of determination and mode of action. Antioxidants, 9(6), 1–39. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060505

Raza, M. A., Kausar, R., Rana, F. A., Danish, M., Shahwar, D., & Anwar, F. (2013). Loranthus pulverulentus: a potent source of natural antioxidants and alternative medicine. Journal of Chemistry, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/250739

Sarker, U., & Oba, S. (2020). Nutrients, minerals, pigments, phytochemicals, and radical scavenging activity in Amaranthus blitum leafy vegetables. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59848-w

Sghaier, M., Ismail, M., Bouhlel, I., Ghedira, K., & Chekir-Ghedira, L. (2016). Leaf extracts from Teucrium ramosissimum protect against DNA damage in human lymphoblast cell K562 and enhance antioxidant, antigenotoxic and antiproliferative activity. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol, 44, 44–52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.etap.2016.04.006

Shalaby, E. A., & Shanab, S. M. M. (2013). Antioxidant compounds, assays of determination and mode of action. 7(10), 528–539. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJPP2013. 3474

Sumanta, N., Haque, C. I., Nishika, J., & Suprakash, R. (2014). Spectrophotometric analysis of chlorophylls and carotenoids from commonly grown fern species by using various extracting solvents. Research Journal of Chemical Sciences Res. J. Chem. Sci, 4(9), 2231–2606.

Thoa, N., & Cuong, T. (2018). Phytochemical components, antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of mulberry mistletoe (Loranthus parasiticus Merr) leaves extracts. Asian Journal of Biotechnology and Bioresource Technology, 2(4), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajb2t/2017/39166

Tukun, A. B., Shaheen, N., Banu, C. P., Mohiduzzaman, M., Islam, S., & Begum, M. (2014). Antioxidant capacity and total phenolic contents in hydrophilic extracts of selected Bangladeshi medicinal plants. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine, 7(S1), S568–S573. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1995-7645(14)60291-1

Wafa, N., Sofiane, G., & Mouhamed, K. (2016). The antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of flavonoids and tannins extracted from Phlomis bovei De Noé. Pelagia Research Library European Journal of Experimental Biology, 6(3), 55–61.

Xu, D. P., Li, Y., Meng, X., Zhou, T., Zhou, Y., Zheng, J., Zhang, J. J., & Li, H. Bin. (2017). Natural antioxidants in foods and medicinal plants: Extraction, assessment and resources. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(1), 20–31. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms18010096

Yadav, A., Kumari, R., Yadav, A., Mishra, J. P., Srivatva, S., & Prabha, S. (2016). Antioxidants and its functions in human body - a review. Research in Environment and Life Sciences, 9(11), 1328–1331. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/311674771_Antioxidants_and_its_functions_in_human_body_-_A_Review

Zhang, Q. W., Lin, L. G., & Ye, W. C. (2018). Techniques for extraction and isolation of natural products: A comprehensive review. Chinese Medicine (United Kingdom), 13(1), 1–26. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13020-018-0177-x

Zhang, Q., Yang, W., Liu, J., Liu, H., Lv, Z., Zhang, C., Chen, D., & Jiao, Z. (2020). Identification of six flavonoids as novel cellular antioxidants and their structure-activity relationship. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4150897

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.