Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/biosaintifika
<div><div><strong>Biosaintifika starting in 2024 migrates from OJS 2 to OJS 3 to better secure from various unwanted things, including journal hacking and so on.</strong></div><div><strong> <em>To submit, the author please visit the new website page of our journal at the link <a href="/journals/biosaintifika">https://journal.unnes.ac.id/journals/biosaintifika</a></em></strong></div><p><strong><em>MIGRATION OFFICIAL STATEMENT <a href="https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1980A0R8NA3En1577jOx6NI3mWJxsNawB?usp=sharing" rel="noopener" target="_blank">HERE</a></em></strong></p></div><p>Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education [<a href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/2085-191X" target="_blank">PISSN 2085-191X</a>| <a href="https://portal.issn.org/resource/ISSN/2338-7610" target="_blank">EISSN 2338-7610</a>] published scientific papers on the results of biology and biology education research (<a href="/nju/index.php/biosaintifika/about/editorialPolicies#focusAndScope" target="_blank">see Focus and Scope</a>). Editor accepts the article has not been published in other media with the writing format as listed on page manuscript writing guidelines (<a href="/nju/index.php/biosaintifika/about/submissions#authorGuidelines" target="_blank">see Author Guidelines</a>). The journal has been indexed in <a href="https://doaj.org/toc/2338-7610" target="_blank">DOAJ</a>, <a href="https://app.dimensions.ai/discover/publication?and_facet_source_title=jour.1155935" target="_blank">Dimension</a>, <a href="http://search.crossref.org/?q=Biosaintifika" target="_blank">DOI Crossref</a>, <a href="/nju/index.php/biosaintifika/pages/view/ebsco" target="_blank">EBSCO</a>, <a href="http://www.cabi.org/publishing-products/online-information-resources/cab-abstracts/?newtitlesonly=0&search=Biosaintifika#SerialsCited" target="_blank">CABI</a>, <a href="http://sinta.kemdikbud.go.id/journals/detail?id=827" target="_blank">SINTA 2</a> and published three times a year, on April, August & December and published by <a href="https://drive.google.com/open?id=1X1YuH-wDWXMakFOt-s3KDzW1wTPM4TxT" target="_blank">Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia in collaboration with Perhimpunan Biologi Indonesia Tingkat Pusat.</a></p><p><span>Biosaintifika was established in 2009. Title with the title Biosaintifika Berkala Ilmiah Biologi. Starting from Volume 5 Number 2 September 2013, this journal is only published three times a year using English language. The name of the journal with subtitles was changed to Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education.</span></p><h1><strong><a href="https://suggestor.step.scopus.com/progressTracker/?trackingID=3600B028B4D64C3A" rel="noopener" target="_blank"><img src="https://ijain.org/files/scopus.png" alt="" width="145" height="53" /></a></strong><strong><a href="https://doaj.org/toc/2338-7610" target="_blank"><img src="http://akfimedia.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/3/8/7938065/doaj-150-px-2.png" alt="" /></a><a href="http://sinta.kemdikbud.go.id/journals/detail?id=827" target="_blank"><img src="http://akfimedia.weebly.com/uploads/7/9/3/8/7938065/sinta-150-px.png" alt="" /></a><a href="https://app.dimensions.ai/discover/publication?and_facet_source_title=jour.1155935" target="_blank"><img src="http://journal.walisongo.ac.id/public/site/images/psikohumaniora/DIMENSIONS_INDEX1.png" alt="" /></a><a href="https://garuda.kemdikbud.go.id/journal/view/12516" target="_blank"><strong><img src="http://journal.walisongo.ac.id/public/site/images/psikohumaniora/GARUDA1.png" alt="" /></strong></a></strong></h1>Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Sciences, Semarang State University . Roen-USBiosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education2085-191X<span>The copyright of the received article shall be assigned to the journal as the publisher of the journal. The intended copyright includes the right to publish the article in various forms (including reprints). The journal maintains the publishing rights to the published articles.</span><br /><br /><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license"><img src="https://i.creativecommons.org/l/by/4.0/88x31.png" alt="Creative Commons License" /></a><br /><span>This work is licensed under a </span><a href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" rel="license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a><span>.</span>Cover and Table of Content
https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/biosaintifika/article/view/50269
December 2023Biosaintifika : Journal of Biology & Biology Education
Copyright (c) 2023 Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
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2023-12-152023-12-1515310.15294/biosaintifika.v15i3.50269The Growth of Tagetes patula Linn. and Its Ability to Reduce Cr(VI) with the Addition of Microbacterium sp. SpR3
https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/biosaintifika/article/view/44957
<p>Cr(VI) is a heavy metal that has the potential to become a soil pollutant and has an impact on organisms. The contamination caused by Cr(VI) could be alternatively treated with bioremediation techniques. The current study aimed to determine the most potential combination of <em>Tagetes patula</em> Linn. and <em>Microbacterium</em> sp. strain SpR3 for remediation of soil Cr(VI) contamination based on growth of <em>T. patula</em>. The application of SpR3 applied at the 1<sup>st</sup> day (T0) and 20<sup>th</sup> day (T20) with 10 g (M10), 30 g (M30), 50 g (M50) of bacterial inoculum to <em>T. patula</em> grown under Cr(VI; 100 mg/L). The results showed that T0M50 treatment resulted in the highest values of growth traits of <em>T. patula</em> grown under Cr(VI) metal stress. The highest BC value (0.36) was obtained from plants treated with T2M10 and T2M50, while the highest TF value (0.08) obtained from plants treated with T0M50. BC value <1 means that the combination of <em>T. patula</em> and SpR3 bacteria for heavy metal Cr(VI) can be classified as an excluder and the TF value <1 means that the combination<em> </em>can act as a phytostabilization in handling Cr(VI) contamination. In conclusion, the application of SpR3 using T0M50 can enhance the growth of <em>Tagetes patula</em> Linn. grown under Cr(VI) stress condition. The outcome of the study are expected to advancement in the application of rhizobacterial and plant combined system in the bioremediation of soil Cr(VI) contaminated.</p>Firdiana NovellasariV. Irene MeitiniartiMahmoud F. SeleimanSri Kasmiyati
Copyright (c) 2023 Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
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2023-12-162023-12-1615328128810.15294/biosaintifika.v15i3.44957Evaluating the Potential of Fermented Leguminous Plant Leaves as a Fertilizer for Rice (Oryza Sativa) Production
https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/biosaintifika/article/view/45521
<p>Synthetic fertilizers improved rice yield, but they were expensive and reduced soil health. Fermented leguminous plant leaves (FLPL) were natural fertilizers that had a lot of nutrients that plants needed to grow and develop because they were locally available and economical to farmers. This study investigated the effects of fermented leguminous plant leaves as fertilizer for rice. The four treatments were arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design and replicated three times. Plant height, tillers, grain weight, and economic returns were collected and analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the control group that received synthetic fertilizers had significantly (P>0.05) taller rice plants compared to the treatment groups. However, among the fermented leguminous leaves, rice plants that received Madre de cacao showed the highest plant height due to its high phosphorus content. The study also found no significant differences (P<0.05) in the number of tillers between the treatments, indicating that fermented leguminous leaves can provide the necessary nutrients for crop growth. It was concluded that fermented leguminous leaves can be used as fertilizer to promote eco-friendly rice farming practices. Madre de cacao leaves were recommended as organic fertilizer for rice for at least three months to enhance plant height and overall plant growth. The potential of FLPL, especially from madre de cacao, as an economical alternative to synthetic fertilizers is a breakthrough in rice production. The results demonstrated the potential benefits of using Madre de Cacao leaves as fertilizer to promote eco-friendly rice farming.</p>Roger Y. Ibañez Jr.Jacob Frederick P. VelzaCristito C. Pelayo Jr.
Copyright (c) 2023 Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
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2023-12-152023-12-1515328929510.15294/biosaintifika.v15i3.45521Verification of Maman (Cleome gynandra (L.) Briq.) from Riau Based on matK and trnL-trnL-trnF Intergenic Spacer
https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/biosaintifika/article/view/46937
<p>Maman is a traditional plant frequently used as food by people in Melayu Rokan of Riau Province. Morphological detection indicates that the scientific name of maman is <em>Cleome gynandra</em> L. The objective of this study is to confirm the taxonomic status of maman from Riau basedon <em>matK</em> and <em>trnL-trnL-trnF intergenic spacer</em> (IGS) sequences. Methods utilized in this study included sampling, DNA extraction, PCR, electrophoresis, sequencing, and data analysis. The fresh leaves were picked up from Rokan Hulu Regency, Riau Province. In this study, the <em>matK</em> and <em>trnL-trnL-trnF IGS</em> sequences of maman with a length of 754 bp and 938 bp, respectively, had been obtained. The BLASTn analysis based on both sequences showed that maman had 100% similarity to <em>Gynandropsis gynandra</em>. <em>Cleome gynandra </em>was synonymous with<em> G. gynandra</em>. There were 49 nucleotide variations, 16 critical nucleotides, and there were no indels in <em>matK</em>. Meanwhile, in <em>trnL-trnL-trnF IGS</em> there were 181 nucleotide variations, 13 critical nucleotides, and 61 indels. In conclusion, this study succeeded in confirming the taxonomic status of maman from Riau as <em>C. gynandra</em> syn. <em>G. gynandra.</em> The result enriched the abundance of DNA barcode sequences of this plant in GenBank which is useful for the molecular identification.</p>Dewi Indriyani RoslimHerman HermanShalsadila Rahmadani PutriAries Tri FurqoniDeanne Yoshe Fidela BudionoAdeel Abdulkarim Fadhl AltuhaishWahyu Lestari
Copyright (c) 2023 Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
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2023-12-162023-12-1615329630510.15294/biosaintifika.v15i3.46937Metagenomic Analysis of Microbial Communities from Coal Waste
https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/biosaintifika/article/view/47865
<p>Coal waste contains few macro-and micronutrients, which makes it less likely to become a growth site for microorganisms. One way to screen coal waste resources is to identify the diversity of microbes in them to study the relationship between these microbial communities in contributing to improving environmental pollution using metagenomics to determine microbial diversity. The purpose of this research is to study the diversity of microorganisms in areas contaminated with heavy metals using a metagenomic method. This study was performed using next-generation sequencing techniques, including DNA extraction, 16S rRNA amplification, and gene sequencing analysis. The results of this research found that the 10 most commonly found species were <em>Baekduia soli</em>, <em>Nocardiodes iriomotensis</em>, <em>Nocardioides mesophilus</em>, <em>Nocardioides pakistanensis</em>, <em>Propionibacterium cyclohexanicum</em>, <em>Solirubrobacter ginsenosidimutans</em>, <em>Gemmatirosa kalamazoonensis</em>, <em>Roseisolibacter agri</em>, <em>Kosakonia saccahri</em>, and <em>Dickeya fangzhongdai</em>. Based on this research, it can be concluded that most of the microbial communities from coal waste are dominated by the phylum<em> Actinobaceria</em>. The results of this study can be used as an adaptive microbial germplasm for industrial waste management strategies.</p>Nunung Eni ElawatiCatur Retno LestariMartha Aulia MarcoSintia Puspa DewiBimastyaji Surya Ramadan
Copyright (c) 2023 Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
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2023-12-152023-12-1515330631310.15294/biosaintifika.v15i3.47865The Improvement of Lipid Profiles and Glucose Resistance of Hypercholesterolemic Rats using Tempeh Flour Based-Yoghurt Complemented with Red Pitaya Peel Extract
https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/biosaintifika/article/view/47414
<p>Tempeh flour is potentially a substitute material in making yoghurt that provides bioactive for improving cardiovascular health. It is also suitably combined with antioxidant sources, such as red pitaya peel extract, which is well known for inhibiting metabolic inflammation. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of tempeh flour-based yoghurt complemented with red pitaya peel extract in improving lipid profiles and glucose tolerance in hypercholesterolemic rats. A total of 36 male Wistar rats were used and divided into six different groups: regular diet (ND) and five high-fat-diet rat groups treated with no supplementation (HFD); diary-based yoghurt with lactic acid bacteria (YBAL); commercial yoghurt (YB); tempeh flour based-yoghurt with lactic acid bacteria (SY); and tempeh flour based yoghurt complemented with red pitaya peel extract (SDS). The supplementation of each treatment group was given a dose of 3.6 ml/ KgBW/ day as a single dose for 28 days. The blood sample was collected from sinus orbitalis and then used for lipid profile, glucose, liver enzyme analysis, and statistical analysis using ANOVA. The result shows that glucose levels increased significantly in all groups, except HFD groups, and there is no significant difference between normal and yoghurt treatment groups. However, yoghurt and red pitaya peel extract supplementation significantly decrease LDL-C and increase HDL-C levels while improving liver condition during hypercholesterolemia. In conclusion, tempeh flour-based yoghurt complemented with red pitaya peel extract can improve lipid profile and liver health in hypercholesterolemia rats. Therefore, further research on metabolism pathways is needed to develop potential nutraceutical products for people with hypercholesterolemia.</p>Kartika NugraheniNatalia Desy PutriningtyasG. S.N. FernandoSiti Harnina Bintari
Copyright (c) 2023 Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
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2023-12-152023-12-1515331432510.15294/biosaintifika.v15i3.47414Spirulina Flour-based Feed Additive Improves the Physical and Chemical Eggs Quality of Tegal-Laying Duck
https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/biosaintifika/article/view/48114
<p>Spirulina is a species of blue green algae that contains many phenolic compounds, phytonutrients and pigments which have potential as a feed additives to improve the physical and chemical quality of eggs. The present study evaluated the effect of spirulina flour-based feed additive supplementation during the late growth to the early egg-laying period on Tegal-laying ducks' physical and chemical egg quality. A total of 25 ducks were randomly divided into 5 treatments; the control group treated with standard feed (P0), P1, P2, P3, and P4 were treated with standard feed supplemented by spirulina flour-based feed additive at concentrations of 0.3%, 0.6%,1.2%, and 2.4%, respectively for four weeks. Physical quality indicators included the Haugh unit, yolk index, weight measurements, eggshell thickness, and shape index. Chemical quality indicators assessed albumen protein content, egg yolk cholesterol, and b-carotene levels. This research revealed that spirulina flour, added at concentrations between 0.30% and 2.40%, significantly enhanced the egg quality of Tegal-laying ducks compared to the control group. This study concludes that spirulina flour can be used as a feed additive to improve the physical and chemical quality of Tegal-laying ducks’ egg. The novelty of this research is spirulina flour has the potential to be used as a feed additive to increases the albumen protein levels, increases b-carotene, and reduces egg yolk cholesterol in eggs of Tegal-laying ducks. Spirulina flour can be a potential source of feed additive for various other local ducks in Indonesia.</p>Sunarno SunarnoMuhammad Ammar Nur HandykaSri MulyaniSuparmi Suparmi
Copyright (c) 2023 Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
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2023-12-152023-12-1515332634010.15294/biosaintifika.v15i3.48114Population Assessment of Sulawesi’s Endangered Snoring Rails (Aramidopsis plateni Blasius) in Gandang Dewata National Park
https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/biosaintifika/article/view/47487
<p class="ABSTRACT">This study focuses on assessing the critically endangered mandar dengkur, or snoring rails (<em>Aramidopsis plateni </em>Blasius 1886), within Indonesia's Gandang Dewata National Park. Despite its importance in regional biodiversity, the species remains poorly documented. The primary objectives of this research are to investigate the population and ecological role of the mandar dengkur in Gandang Dewata National Park. It aims to understand their population status, the factors influencing their survival, and the level of global threats facing this species. Field surveys from July to August 2023 employed point counts and interviews with local residents, revealing a population of 20 snoring rails. Tondok Bakaru was identified as the primary subpopulation, with the highest count and probability of occurrence. Tondok Bakaru, characterized by remote and isolated areas, plays a crucial role in snoring rails' survival, mirrored by discoveries of other sensitive species like the Anoa. Environmental variables analysis through Generalized Linear Modeling (GLM) identified the nearest food source and settlement as significant factors influencing snoring rail populations, aligning with their elusive nature. The selected GLM model highlighted the impact of average NDVI, distance to the nearest food source, and distance to the nearest settlement on snoring rail density, guiding conservation efforts. This study underscores the urgency of upgrade the snoring rails' conservation status to Endangered (EN) and implementing global conservation measures by improving data collection with technology.</p>Alexander Kurniawan Sariyanto PuteraYusrianto NasirRusmidin RusmidinNuruliawati NuruliawatiAlex J. Berryman
Copyright (c) 2023 Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
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2023-12-152023-12-1515334135010.15294/biosaintifika.v15i3.47487Tea Fungus Beverages from Torch Ginger (Etlingera elatior): Total microbial, Physicochemical, and Antioxidant Activity
https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/biosaintifika/article/view/47944
<p>Functional beverages are needed to maintain health and fitness as a part of the instant lifestyle and degenerative diseases. The scientific findings on torch ginger (<em>Etlingera elatior</em>) flower (TGF) as a tea fungus beverage (Kombucha) are still limited. This research evaluated total microbes, physicochemical properties, and antioxidant activity 7 and 14 days after fermentation (daf) of TGF kombuchas. In addition, TGF in variant 0% (TGF0), 5% (TGF5), 10% (TGF10), and 15% (TGF15) are fermented with 3% of SCOBY, 20% culture, 1% green tea, and 10% sucrose. The antioxidant activities of TGF kombuchas were evaluated by <em>2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl</em> (DPPH) and <em>2,2′-Azino-bis 3-Ethylbenzothiazoline-6-Sulfonic Acid</em><strong> </strong>(ABTS) assay—the phenolic and flavonoid content using Folin-Ciocalteu method-gallic acid equivalent, and quercetin acid equivalent, respectively. The result showed that the fermentation time (p<0.05) was affected by the properties of TGF kombuchas. Total microbes, physicochemical properties (pH, acidity, cellulose pellicle weight, phenolic, flavonoid content), and antioxidant activity were higher in 14 than in 7 days. Total soluble solid and total yeast count showed lower values in 14 days. The increase in total bacteria count, TGF15%, led to the highest increasing density from 8.08 ± 0.02Log CFU/mL on seven daf to 13.34 ± 0.04Log CFU/mL on 14 daf. The TGF 10% and 15% kombuchas in 14 dafs showed abundance in phenolic and flavonoid content, 121.45±1.07mg GAE/mL and 1.70±0.04 mg QAE/mL, respectively. During 14 daf and TGF 10%, the Kombucha of torch ginger flower demonstrated high antioxidant activity at 85.92±0.07% DDPH and 63.05±0.97ABTS. It is expected to aid future research into developing functional kombucha beverages.</p>Nur FitriantoFajar HusenSiti SamiyarsihNuniek Ina RatnaningtyasLusia Seti PalindungEnur Azizah
Copyright (c) 2023 Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
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2023-12-152023-12-1515335136110.15294/biosaintifika.v15i3.47944Phylogenetic Analysis of Baccaurea Spp. in West Sumatra Using MatK Molecular Markers
https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/biosaintifika/article/view/46051
<p class="AbstractKeywords">Baccaurea is a group of fruit-producing plants found in wild forests. Many of these plant species have not yet explored their potential. The high rate of deforestation in West Sumatra poses a threat of extinction to the genetic resources of the genus Baccaurea before being explored and identified. The research aims to analyze the sequence characters and phylogenetic of Baccaurea found in West Sumatra using the MatK molecular marker. Phylogenetic analysis using the Maximum Likelihood (ML) method in MEGA X application. The results of the analysis of the six species of Baccaurea found that the sequence length ranged from 854-1019bp, the percentage of G+C base composition is 33.4%, the percentage of A+T base composition is 66.6%, the genetic distance range is 0-4% with a conservative character of 484bp and informative characters of 4bp. While the phylogenetic analysis using the ML method grouping the six species of Baccaurea to form a monophyletic clade with a bootstrap value of 100%, all species collected were in the same clade. These results reveal the first time that the MatK sequences from six species Baccaurea native to West Sumatra will be included in NCBI for use by other studies in conducting broader phylogenetic research.</p>Helvi Maudy SaswitaSyamsuardi SyamsuardiNurainas NurainasAdi Bejo SuwardiAhmad Taufiq
Copyright (c) 2023 Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
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2023-12-152023-12-1515336236910.15294/biosaintifika.v15i3.46051Potential of Therapeutic Curculigo latifolia Extracts on Alloxan-induced Diabetes in a Male Mus muscullus
https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/biosaintifika/article/view/40498
<p><em>Curculigo latifolia</em> is a herbaceous plant that is abundant on the islands of Java, Sumatra and Kalimantan. C. <em>latifolia</em> has not been well explored. The research to determine the phytochemical content of <em>C. latifolia</em>, to analyze the organoleptic sweetness level of <em>C. latifolia</em> fruit and to analyze the anti-diabetic potential of <em>C. latifolia</em> plant extracts on diabetic mice. The study was conducted experimentally using 6 treatment levels and 4 replications. Prior to treatment, mice were induced hyperglycemia using alloxan 150 mg/kg WB were induced subcutaneously. The treatment being tested was oral Ethanol crude extract (ECE) for 28 days with 400 mg/kg WB, namely: G1: oral mineral water; G2: glibenclamide ; G3: ECE leaf; G4: ECE root; G5: ECE fruit and G6: ECE tree. Blood sugar levels were measured at 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after oral ECE. Therefore, respondents stated that after consuming the fruit, they had a sweet-tasting and taste-modifying mineral water with a strength of 82.40 ± 8.36%, but the fruit extract did not show any sweet-tasting and taste-modifying. ANOVA results showed that oral ECE administration had a significant effect low on blood sugar levels. the HSD test was carried out with a 95% confidence level. ECE <em>C. latifolia</em> showed positive results on the tests of flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, alkaloids, triterpenoids and tannins. G4 was effective in reducing sugar levels after short time and G5 for 28 days (long time). C. <em>latifolia</em> have pharmacology effects to lower sugar levels and has taste modifying to sweetness.</p>Haryanto HaryantoAgus SutandiEni KusumawatiSari NurhayatiFadillya Maulidilla FitriGinan NafsiSri Wahyuni Nuraeni
Copyright (c) 2023 Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
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2023-12-152023-12-1515337037710.15294/biosaintifika.v15i3.40498AGRONOMIC PERFORMANCE OF SESAME (Sesamum indicum) UNDER DIFFERENT FERTILIZER MANAGEMENT
https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/biosaintifika/article/view/47277
<p>The sesame crop is one of the earliest crops that is being grown for edible oil purposes. The production performance of this crop is often affected by different factors such as soil fertility, water, and climatic conditions. This study evaluated the performance of sesame under different fertilizer management like animal manure, guano, vermicast, inorganic fertilizer, and no fertilizer application as check plots. The study showed that applying guano fertilizer significantly improved plant height performance 30 to 60 days after planting compared to inorganic fertilizer, other organic fertilizers, and treatments without fertilizer application. The number of capsules per plant produced by sesame was significantly higher with guano fertilizer application compared to treatments without fertilizer application and other organic and inorganic fertilizer sources as treatments. Similarly, the yield performance of sesame under different fertilizer applications resulted in a significant performance over guano fertilizer, with the highest yield obtained compared to other fertilizer management. The different organic and inorganic fertilizers are good sources of essential nutrients for sesame production. Likewise, further study can be conducted using a fertilizer combination, both organic and inorganic, for a better fertilizer management recommendation.</p>Mohammad D. DollisonBeverly Branzuela Dollison
Copyright (c) 2023 Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
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2023-12-152023-12-1515337838510.15294/biosaintifika.v15i3.47277Hatching Failure and Success of Hawksbill Sea Turtles (Eretmochelys imbricata) in Semi-Natural Nests Karimunjawa.
https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/biosaintifika/article/view/48658
Hatching success and failure is influences by the interaction between biotic and abiotic factors during the incubation period. Non optimal nest is susceptible to bacterial contaminated eggs during incubation period and hatchling morphology. The purpose of the study is to understand the relationship between environmental conditions of semi natural nest with bacteria contaminant, hatchlings allometry and abnormality. The method used was quantitative descriptive which are nest temperature and humidity measurement, hatchlings allometry measurement, bacteria observation of gram negative with EMB (Eosin Methylene Blue) agar, TPC (Total Plate Count), bacteria characteristic morphology and hatchlings abnormality observation. The result showed that semi natural nest have high temperature (>30˚C) and high humidity (>70%) caused smaller hatchlings and negative allometry growth, hatchlings abnormality and bacterial contaminant. TPC showed that the number of bacteria unhatched eggs (1,42 x ) more than hatched eggs (1,03 x ). The bacteria colonies were suspected to be from <em>Enterobacteriaceae</em> family according to microscopic and macroscopic morphological characteristic. Macroscopically, the bacteria morphology is dominated by a round shape, concentric surface, flat edges, flat elevation and pink color, meanwhile microscopic form is bacilli. There is significant correlation between environmental conditions of semi natural nest with hatchlings growth, hatchlings abnormality and eggshells bacteriaSari Sistyawati RahayuSuryanti SuryantiDiah AyuningrumKennet Lundin
Copyright (c) 2023 Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
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2023-12-152023-12-1515338640010.15294/biosaintifika.v15i3.48658Effect of Ascorbic Acid, Activated Charcoal and Dark Incubation on Browning Intensity of Saurauia bracteosa In Vitro Culture
https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/biosaintifika/article/view/48439
<p><em>Saurauia bracteosa</em>, also known as Pirdot, is an endemic woody plant of the Actinidiaceae family with medicinal properties. Its population decline in nature has led to a vulnerable status, prompting conservation efforts, such as in vitro culture. Browning poses a significant challenge in the woody plant in vitro culture. Browning inhibitors such as ascorbic acid, activated charcoal and dark incubation can be used to address this issue. This study aims to determine the effect of ascorbic acid, activated charcoal and incubation conditions on browning inhibition of <em>S.bracteosa</em>. The study employed a Completely Randomized Design with 12 treatments on leaf explants, repeated five times. Observations, including the time of browning formation, percentage of browning, intensity of browning and percentage of live explant were carried out for 30 days and analyzed using ANOVA followed by DMRT. The results showed that the addition of activated charcoal in MS media with dark incubation delayed the browning formation time (12.40 DAI) while the adding ascorbic acid in MS media and dark incubation resulted in the lowest browning intensity (0.22). These research findings can serve as a foundational protocol for browning prevention, supporting the successful in vitro conservation of <em>S. bracteosa</em>.</p>Naomi Bastanta Putri Octaviana GintingRatih RestianiAniek PrasetyaningsihCokorda Istri Meyga Semarayani
Copyright (c) 2023 Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
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2023-12-152023-12-1515340141110.15294/biosaintifika.v15i3.48439Isolation and Molecular Screening of Fungus as Agents in Cellulolytic Transformation Materials from Symbiotic Lichen
https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/biosaintifika/article/view/44969
<p> The abundance of lignocellulosic waste makes it a potential source for advanced biomaterials through various transformation processes. Lignocellulosic biomass transformation to advanced biomaterials involves enzymes from extracellular metabolites of microorganisms capable of hydrolyzing lignocellulose. This research was to molecularly screen fungi found in symbiotes of lichen endemic to trees growing in North Minahasa (North Sulawesi) with lignocellulolytic transformation enzymes. Molecular screening was conducted from identified fungi isolates based on partial genetical analysis on the locus of Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) of the fungi’s ribosomal DNA. Fungi isolates screening identified <em>Trichoderma koningiopsis</em> (isolate HZA8 and isolate HZA6), <em>Penicillium sumatraense</em> (strain CBS 127365 and strain CBS 130380), <em>Trichoderma hamatum</em> (isolate PAN12-45 and isolate PAN12-05), <em>Aspergillus aculeatus</em> (strain A1.9 18S), <em>Aspergillus aculeatus</em> (isolate XSD-74), <em>Trichoderma reesei</em> (strain S2606 and isolate 5A14). Molecular identification and BLAST homology of potentially lignocellulolytic fungi isolates rDNA indicated that isolate KB2 had close relationship with <em>Trichoderma reesei</em> at 100% degree of closeness and an index of cellulolytic activity of 1.19. While isolate KB3 appeared closely related to <em>Aspergillus aculeatus</em> at 99.83% degree of closeness and an index of cellulolytic activity of 1.57. Therefore, the potential of developing bioprocess industries in general and in particular is most probable.</p>Dino RahardiyanEmma Mauren Moko
Copyright (c) 2023 Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
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2023-12-152023-12-1515341242210.15294/biosaintifika.v15i3.44969The application of Rigidoporus sp J12 and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia BM in the degradation of batik waste
https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/biosaintifika/article/view/41987
<p class="ABSTRACT">The batik industry in Indonesia produces batik waste which pollutes the environment. This waste can be degraded using laccase-producing microorganisms. The microorganisms used in the research were the fungus <em>Rigidoporus</em> sp J12 and the bacteria <em>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</em> BM. This research aims to determine the ability of <em>Rigidoporus</em> sp J12 and <em>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</em> BM and their consortium in producing laccase, observing their ability to degrade Poly R-478 which is an indicator of phenoloxidase activity and batik waste. Microorganisms are grown in growth media and then placed in media containing Poly R-478 or batik waste. Inducers are added to increase laccase activity. The inducers used were 15 g/L sucrose, 200 µM CuSO<sub>4</sub> and 40 mM veratryl alcohol. The results showed that <em>Rigidoporus</em> sp J12 and <em>Stenotrophomonas maltophilia</em> BM produced laccase in PDB and NA media. The highest laccase activity was found in the enzyme produced by <em>Rigidoporus</em> sp J12 in PDB media at a temperature of 40°C, media pH 6.0 and the addition of sucrose. <em>Rigidoporus</em> sp J12 degraded batik waste by 39.38% and increased by 2.12 times after adding sucrose and incubation for 15 days. These bacteria and fungi can be used to degrade batik waste in order to prevent environmental pollution. Using the fungus <em>Rigidoporus </em>sp J12 purely is more profitable than using it with <em>S. maltophilia</em> BM bacteria.</p>Yohanes SubowoSuliasih SuliasihSri Widawati
Copyright (c) 2023 Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
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2023-12-152023-12-1515342343110.15294/biosaintifika.v15i3.41987Antibacteria Activity Peel and Seed Extracts of Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) Against MDR Bacteria Causing Urinary Tract Infections
https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/biosaintifika/article/view/39568
<p>Multidrug-resistant (MDR) - <em>Escherichia coli</em> (<em>E. coli</em>) and <em>Klebsiella pneumoniae</em> (<em>K. pneumoniae</em>) are the main causes and have become serious problems in urinary tract infections, so antibacterial agents derived from biological materials are needed. ESBL-<em>E.</em><em> coli</em> and ESBL-<em>K. pneumoniae</em> bacteria are resistant to extracts from rambutan peels and seeds, but there is no knowledge of the use of different solvents, such as n-hexane, chloroform, or ethanol. The objective of this research was to assess the antibacterial activity of rambutan peels and seed extracts (n-hexane, chloroform, and ethanol) against MDR bacteria that cause urinary tract infections (UTI). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) values for antibacterial activity were calculated using agar well diffusion and dilution procedures. The results demonstrated that the ethanol extract of rambutan peels had inhibitory zones against MDR <em>K. pneumoniae</em> and <em>E.</em><em> </em><em>coli</em> that varied from 9.00 to 14.13 mm. 15.625 mg/mL For MDR <em>E. coli</em> and 3.90 mg/mL for MDR <em>K. pneumoniae</em>, respectively, the MIC value was determined. The MBC value was 62.50 mg/mL for MDR <em>K. pneumoniae</em> and 31.25 mg/mL for MDR <em>E. coli.</em> Conclusion: Of the six rambutan peel and seed extracts, the ethanol extract has greater potential as an antibacterial agent. It is advised that more in-vivo studies be done to understand how the antibacterial activity operates.The benefits of research for the science are providing alternative solutions to antibiotic resistance, to further advancing the field of antimicrobial research, and reducing the risk of bacterial infections. <strong><em></em></strong></p>Ana Hidayati MukaromahDea Galuh CahyaningrumDesty Ratna PutriErni M JannahMuhamad Rizqi RinaldiFandhi Adi WardoyoTulus AriyadiAnnisa Nurul HikmahSri Darmawati
Copyright (c) 2023 Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
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2023-12-152023-12-1515343244010.15294/biosaintifika.v15i3.39568Application of Rabbit Urine and Manure Based Fertilizer on the Growth of Arabica and Robusta Coffee Seedlings
https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/biosaintifika/article/view/48027
<p class="ABSTRACT">Coffee farming demands substantial amounts of fertilizer. Furthermore, the expensive cost of chemical fertilizers prompt coffee growers to seek alternative remedies. One emerging solution is the utilization of organic fertilizer. This study aims to assess the impact of organic fertilizer, specifically made from rabbit manure and urine, on the growth of Arabica and Robusta coffee seedlings. The experiment focused on the context of coffee cultivation in Temanggung Regency, comparing the effects with goat manure fertilizer. The method was initiated by producing organic fertilizer, encompassing rabbit manure, goat manure, and rabbit urine. Then, the fertilizer was applied to Arabica and Robusta seedlings. The research employs quantitative and descriptive analyses. Quantitative data encompasses the nutrient content of each fertilizer and soil, plant height, leaves number, and stem diameter. Descriptive analysis involves the overall performance evaluation. The application of rabbit manure and urine as fertilizers to Arabica and Robusta coffee seedlings yields positive outcomes, i.e. enhancing plant height, leaves number, and seedling diameter. Among the tested organic fertilizers, rabbit urine notably influenced the plant height, leaves number, and stem diameter of both seedlings. The performance of the rabbit urine treatment exhibited healthier attributes compared to those without any fertilizer, such as sturdy leaves and robust stems. Additionally, the root systems of the untreated plants appear less vigorous with sparser root hairs.</p>Sucihatiningsih Dian Wisika PrajantiChristina LitaayTalitha WidiatningrumDhea Rizky AmeliaDalila Daud
Copyright (c) 2023 Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
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2023-12-152023-12-1515344144910.15294/biosaintifika.v15i3.48027Isolation and Molecular Identification of Proteolytic Bacteria from Rusip an Indonesian Fermented Food
https://journal.unnes.ac.id/nju/biosaintifika/article/view/42237
<p>Processing fish with the fermentation method can increase the nutritional content, bring out a distinctive taste, and make the fish last longer. Rusip is a type of complementary food from Bangka Belitung in the form of fish sauce that has been rotten or fermented. Rusip is made from fermented anchovy (Clupeoides borneensis). The concept of fermentation in Rusip is the breakdown of complex protein molecules by proteolytic bacteria into simple amino acid components.</p><p>The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of proteolytic bacteria that play a role in rusip fermentation.</p><p>The media used in screening proteolytic bacteria is skim milk agar (SMA) media. Then it was incubated at 37<sup>o</sup>Cfor 24 hours. Bacterial colonies that form a clear zone on the media indicate that these bacteria can degrade protein. After the isolation process and isolates were obtained, the bacteria were characterized by Gram staining method and molecular identification.</p><p>The results showed that there were proteolytic bacteria in Rusip food, and the 3 best isolates that produced protease enzymes were identified as <em>Bacillus cereus</em>.</p>Lutfiana Hary AmatullahDiana Nur AfifahSiti Nur Jannah
Copyright (c) 2023 Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education
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2023-12-152023-12-1515345045910.15294/biosaintifika.v15i3.42237