THE EXTRACTION OF BROWN ALGAE (Sargassum sp) THROUGH CALCIUM PATH TO PRODUCE SODIUM ALGINATE

Octovianus S. R. Pasanda, Abdul Azis

Abstract

Brown algae is a source of sodium alginat raw material. One type of brown algae that is found to grow in Indonesian waters is Sargassum echinocarphum. Brown algae including one type of seaweed that grows in many waters of Indonesia, especially the waters of Eastern Indonesia. Alginat is a pure polysaccharide of uronic acid contained in a brown algae cell wall arranged in the form of long linear chain alginic acids with levels reaching 40% of the total dry weight. The alginat form in general is sodium alginat, a water soluble alginat salt. The purpose of this research is to know the quality of alginat include alginat rendamen, water content, ash content, and viscosity. Conventional extraction methods from brown algae into sodium alginat produces the highest yield percentage of 32.42%, resulting from the extraction for 7 hours at 60 ° C. The lowest average yield percentage resulted in 5 hours extraction process of 2.78%, the average water content of 20.37 - 23.30%, the mean ash content of 22.28 - 34.87%, and the viscosity ranged between  18, 0 - 19.8 Cp.

Keywords

Brown algae; Sodium alginat; Sargassum sp; Extraction

Full Text:

PDF

References

Anggadireja, J., Azatniko, W., Sujatmiko, Noor, I. 1993. Teknologi Produk Perikanan dalam Industri Farmasi, Dalam Stadium General Teknologi dan Alternatif Produk Perikanan dalam Industri Farmasi (in Indonesian).

AOAC 1995. Official methods of analysis of the association of official analitycal chemist. Inc. Washington DC. 185-189.

Basmal, J., Yunizal, Tazwir. 1998. Pengaruh perlakuan pembuatan semi refined alginat dari rumput laut coklat (Turbinaria ornata) segar terhadap kualitas sodium alginat (in Indonesian). Prosiding Pra Kipnas VII. Forum Komunikasi I. Ikatan Fikologi Indonesia (IFI). Serpong, 8 September 1999. 97–110. (in Indonesian)

Belitz, H.D. and Grosch, W. 1982. Food Chemistry. Springer Verlag Berlin Heidebberg New York, London, Paris, Tokyo

Calumpong, P.H., Maypa, P.A., Magbanua, M. 1999. Population and alginate yield and quality assessment of four Sargassum species in Negros Island, central Philippines, Hydrobiologia. 398:211–215.

Castro, P. and Huber, M. 2009. Maryne Biology. New York Mc-Graw-Hill Companies Inc.

Chapman, V.J. and Chapman. D.J. 1980. Seaweed and Their Uses. Third Edition. Chapman and Hall. London-New York.

Darmawan, M., Tazwir, Hak, N. 2006. Pengaruh Perendaman Rumput Laut Coklat Segar dalam Berbagai Larutan Terhadap Mutu Natrium Alginat. Buletin Teknologi Hasil Perikanan. Vol IX Nomor 1. (in Indonesian)

Draget, K.I., Moe, S.T., Skja˚ k-Bræk, G., Smidsrød, O., 2006. Alginats. In: Stephen, A.M., Phillips, G.O., Wiliams, P.A. (Second Edition.). In: Food Polysaccharides and their Applications. CRC Press Boca Raton, Florida. 14:159–1178.

FCC, 1993. Food Chemical Codex, National Academy Press Washington

Fertah, M., Belfkira, A., Dahmane, E.M., Taourirte, M. 2017. Extraction and characterization of sodium alginate from Moroccan Laminaria digitata brown seaweed. Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 10:S3707-S3714.

Helmiyati and Aprilliza, M. 2017. Characterization and properties of sodium alginat from brown algae used as an ecofriendly superabsorbent. International Symposium on Current Progress in Functional Materials. IOP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 188, 012019

Kloareg, B. and Quatrano, R.S. 1988. Structure of the cell walls of marine algae and ecophysiological functions of the matrix polysaccharides. In: Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review. Aberdeen University Press/Allen & Unwin: London. 26:259-315.

Maharani, M.A., Widyayanti, R. 2009. Pembuatan alginat dari rumput laut untuk menghasilkan produk dengan rendamen dan viskositas yang tinggi. In: Seminar Tugas Akhir S1 Teknik Kimia UNDIP 2009. Universitas Diponegoro. Indonesia. (in Indonesian).

Murtini, J.T., Basmal, J., Yunizal. 1998. Pengaruh pemucatan dan pH filtrat terhadap mutu natrium alginat. Dalam Laporan teknis penelitian. Penelitian teknologi ekstraksi alginat dari rumput laut coklat (Phaeophyceae). Instalasi Penelitian Perikanan Laut Slipi. Jakarta, 93 – 98. (in Indonesian)

Pasanda, O.S.R., Azis, A., Kusuma, H.S. 2016. Utilization of Waste Seaweed through Pretreatment with Liquid Hot Water Method and Simultaneous Fermentation using Bacteria Clostridium thermocellum. Journal of Materials and Environmental Science. 7(7):2526-2533

Sigma Chemical Co. 1997. Biochemicals and Reagents for Life Science Research, St. Louis, MO. 740

Stephen, M. (1995). “Food Polysaccharide and Their Applications”, Departement of Chemistry, University of Cape Town Rondebosch, South Africa.

Subaryono, 2010. Modifikasi Alginat Dan Pemanfaatan Produknya. Squalen. 5(1):1-7.

Taylor, W.R. 1979. Marine Algae of The Eastern Tropical and Subtropical Coasts of the Americas. The University of Michigan Press.

Torres, M.R., Sousa, A.P.A., Filho, E.A.T.S., Melo, D.F., Feitosa, J.P.A., de Paula, R.C.M., Lima, M.G.S., 2007. Extraction and physicochemical characterization of Sargassum vulgare alginate from Brazil. Carbohydrate Research. 342:2067-2074.

Waryono, T. 2008. Biogeografi Alga Makro (Rumput) Laut di Kawasan Pesisir Indonesia. Makalah dalam Seminar Ikatan Geografi Indonesia (IGI) di Malang. Jurusan Geografi FMIPA. Universitas Indonesia. Jakarta. (in Indonesian)

Williams, A.R. 1983. Ultrasound: Biological Effects and Potential Hazards. Academic Press.

Winarno, FG. 1986. Kimia Pangan dan Gizi, Gramedia, Jakarta.

Zailanie, K., Susanto, T., Simon B.W. 2001. Ekstraksi dan Pemurnian Alginat dari Sargassum filipendula Kajian dari Bagian Tanaman, Lama Ekstraksi dan Konsentrasi Isopropanol. Jurnal Teknologi Pertanian. 2(1):10-27. (in Indonesian)

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.