Email this article Recovery of Minor Palm Oil Compounds Using Packed Bed Adsorption Column
Abstract
Carotene and tocopherol are valuable products that exist as minor compounds in palm oil and mostly extracted out during many stages of palm oil processing. Hence, most of it ended up in wastewater or palm oil mill effluent (POME). Fortunately, adsorption is potentially one of the most efficient method as compared to the others. In fact, it is widely studied in laboratory scale, in order to obtain equilibrium data for the steady state system. However, industrial practices are mostly operated in unsteady state in a continuous manner. Consequently, this study is executed to design a recovery process of one of the minor compounds in palm oil mill effluent (POME), which is carotene, using silica gel. It aims to predict the dynamic adsorption of recovery of minor compounds from palm oil mill effluent based on available equilibrium data, investigate the effects of dynamic and physical properties of the system towards the process by analyzing the breakthrough curve and study the feasibility of the scale up process by performing a sensitivity analysis on the system. Then, a base simulation was prepared by using available equilibrium data. Operating and design parameters such as, bed height, inlet flowrate and concentration were manipulated. Consistent with previous packed column studies, increase flow and concentration will reduce the time required for the column to achieve saturation, while increase bed height effects were vice versa. Finally, the last objective to achieve was to study the practicality of the packed bed column and perform a sensitivity on assumptions and predictions such as predicted mass transfer coefficient and isotherm model. It is proven that the selection of isotherm model and prediction in coefficient did not pose a large impact to the breakthrough curve and the average time required for the column of 1.5 m tall and 0.8 in diameter, to reach breakthrough time is 1.7 days. Hence, it can be concluded that adsorption technology using silica gel as its adsorbent can be applied is recovering minor compounds in palm oil mills.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ahmad, A.L., Chan, C.Y., Abd Shukor, S.R., Mashitah, M.D. 2008. Recovery of oil and carotenes from palm oil mill effluent (POME). Chemical Engineering Journal. 141: 383–386.
Ahmad, A.L., Chan, C.Y., Abd Shukor, S.R., Mashitah, M.D. 2009. Adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics of β-carotene on silica-based adsorbent. Chemical Engineering Journal. 148: 378–384.
Anisuzzaman, S. M., Bono, A., Krishnaiah, D., Tan, Y. Z. 2016. A study on dynamic simulation of phenol adsorption in activated carbon packed bed column. Journal of King Saud University - Engineering Sciences. 28: 47–55.
AspenONE. 2009. AspenONE v7.3 Reference Guide.
Babu, B. V, Gupta, S. 2005. Modeling and Simulation of Fixed bed Adsorption column: Effect of Velocity Variation. Journal of Engineering and Technology. 1: 60–66.
Bono, A. 1989. Sorptive Separation of Simple Water Soluble Organics. University of Surrey.
Bono, A., Ming, C. C., Sundang, M. 2007. Liquid Phase Adsorption of α-Tocopherol by Activated Carbon. Journal of Applied Sciences. 7(15): 2080–2083.
Boudrahem, F., Aissani-Benissad, F., Soualah, A. 2011. Adsorption of lead(II) from aqueous solution by using leaves of date trees as an adsorbent. Journal of Chemical Engineering Data. 56: 1804–1812.
Farhadpour, F. A., Bono, A. 1996. Sorptive separation of ethanol-water mixtures with a bi-dispersed hydrophobic molecular sieve, silicalite: Determination of the controlling mass transfer mechanism. Chemical Engineering Process Intensification. 35: 141–155.
Foo, K. Y., Hameed, B. H. 2009. Utilization of biodiesel waste as a renewable resource for activated carbon: Application to environmental problems. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews. 13: 2495–2504.
Gabelman, A. 2017. Adsorption Basics : Part 1. 1–6.
Glueckauf, E. 1955. Theory of chromatography. Part 10: Formulae for diffusion into spheres and their application to chromatography. Transactions of Faraday Society. 51: 1540–1551.
Hymavathi, D., Prabhakar, G. (2019). Modeling of cobalt and lead adsorption by Ficus benghalenesis L. in a fixed bed column. Chemical Engineering Communications. 206(10), 1–9.
Ibrahim, A. H., Dahlan, I. 2012. Comparative Study on Characterization of Malaysian Palm Oil Mill Effluent. Journal of Chemical Sciences. 2(12): 1–5.
Igwe, J. C., Onyegbado, C. C. 2007. A Review of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Water Treatment. Global Journal of Environmental Research. 1: 54–62.
Kamin, Z., Bono, A., Yan, L. L. 2017. Simulation and Optimization of Triethylene Glycol Utilization of a Natural Gas Dehydration System. Chemical Product and Process Modeling. 12(4): 1–10.
Kamin, Z., Asgan, N., Sarbatly, R., Krishnaiah, D. (2020). Removal of Oil and Reduction of Bod from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Using Polyurethane Nanofibers, 1, 57–63.
Kulkarni, S. J., 2017. An Investigation on Factors affecting Breakthrough Curve for Low Cost Adsorbent. Galore International Journal of Applied Sciences and Humanities. 1(1), 1–4.
Levan, M. D., Carta, G., M. Yon, C. 2009. Adsorption and Ion Exchange. Technology Guide: Principles - Applications - Trends. 394–397.
Lin, X., Huang, Q., Qi, G., Shi, S., Xiong, L., Huang, C., Chen, Xuefang, Li, H., Chen, Xinde. 2017. Estimation of fixed-bed column parameters and mathematical modeling of breakthrough behaviors for adsorption of levulinic acid from aqueous solution using SY-01 resin. Separation and Purification Technology. 174: 222–231.
Madaki, Y. S., Seng, L. 2013. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) from Malaysia. International Journal of Science, Environment and Technology. 2: 1138–1155.
Ohashi, H., Sugawara, T., Kikuchi, K., Konno, H.. 1981. Correlation of Liquid-Side Mass Transfer Coefficient for Single Particles and Fixed Beds. Journal of Chemical Engineering of Japan. 14: 433–438.
Poursaeidesfahani, A., Andres-garcia, E., Lange, M. De. 2018. Supporting Information for: Prediction of adsorption isotherms from breakthrough curves.
Poursaeidesfahani, A., Andres-Garcia, E., de Lange, M., Torres-Knoop, A., Rigutto, M., Nair, N., Kapteijn, F., Gascon, J., Dubbeldam, D., Vlugt, T. J. H. 2019. Prediction of adsorption isotherms from breakthrough curves. Microporous Mesoporous Material. 277: 237–244.
Salihu, A., Alam, M. Z. 2012. Palm oil mill effluent: A waste or a raw material?. Journal of Applied Science and Research. 8: 466–473.
Sangkharak, K., Pichid, N., Yunu, T., Kingman, P. 2016. Separation of carotenes and vitamin e from palm oil mill effluent using silica from agricultural waste as an adsorbent. Walailak Journal of Science and Technology. 13: 939–947.
Shafeeyan, M. S., Wan Daud, W.M.A., Shamiri, A., 2014. A review of mathematical modeling of fixed-bed columns for carbon dioxide adsorption. Chemical Engineering Research and Design. 92: 961–988.
Siahpoosh, M., Fatemi, S., Vatani, A. 2009. Mathematical Modeling of Single and Multi-Component Adsorption Fixed Beds to Rigorously Predict the Mass Transfer Zone and Breakthrough Curves. Iranian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. 28: 25–44.
Sperlich, A., Schimmelpfennig, S., Baumgarten, B., Genz, A., Amy, G., Worch, E., Jekel, M. 2008. Predicting anion breakthrough in granular ferric hydroxide (GFH) adsorption filters. Water Research. 42: 2073–2082.
Tien, C. 2019. Introduction to Adsorption: Basics, Analysis, and Applications. Elsevier.
Vairappan, C. S., Yen, A. M. 2008. Palm oil mill effluent (POME) cultured marine microalgae as supplementary diet for rotifer culture. Journal of Applied Phycology. 20: 603–608.
Vera, L. M., Bermejo, D., Uguña, M. F., Garcia, N., Flores, M., González, E. 2019. Fixed bed column modeling of lead (II) and cadmium (II) ions biosorption on sugarcane bagasse. Environmental Engineering Research. 24: 31–37.
Worch, E. 2008. Fixed-bed adsorption in drinking water treatment : a critical review on models and parameter estimation. Journal of Water Supply: Research and Technology. 57(3): 171–183.
Xu, Z., Cai, J., Pan, B. 2013. Mathematically modeling fixed-bed adsorption in aqueous systems. Journal of Zhejiang University - Science A: Applied Physics & Engineering. 14: 155–176.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
