Achieving Sustainable Performance in the Hospitality Industry based on Environmental Management, Pro-Environmental Behavior, and Green Marketing Mix 7P

The tourism sector is an important sector because it can grow a country’s economy through foreign exchange. However, if not managed properly, tourism can also have negative impacts. This research was located in East Java Province, Indonesia with 228 respondents at the Hotel Manager level. This research aims to develop a relationship model between the Environmental Management System (EMS), Pro-En-vironmental Behavior (PEB), and the Green Marketing Mix (GMM) as a mediator to achieve Sustainable Industrial Performance (SIP) with 17 hypotheses. Using quantitative methods through surveys and processing using SmartPLS 3. The research results stated that 14 hypotheses were accepted, but 3 hypotheses were rejected. The research results show that the implementation of EMS has a significant relationship with economic and social performance but has no relationship with environmental performance. PEB directly has a significant relationship with environmental performance but not with economic and social performance. GMM has a significant relationship with the three elements of SIP. GMM is also a suitable partial mediator for EMS and PEB to achieve SIP.


INTRODUCTION
The very fast growth of the hospitality industry supports the tourism sector which has boosted the economy, but on the other hand, it can have an impact on the environment (Masa'deh et al., 2017).In several countries, the massive growth of tourism has had an environmental impact, for example in Spain there has been an increase in pollution, landfills, disruption of biodiversity, decreased environmental quality, and exploitation of water and water resources (Moliner et al., 2019) and requires a general structure to lend coherence to its approach.There is a need for empirical research to fathom the question of environmental sustainability and customer experience in the hospitality industry and to study the interaction between the two concepts.This paper aims to close these gaps by establishing the nature of the relationship between customers' perceptions of the environmental practices in tourism accommodation and their customer experiences and levels of satisfaction.The working hypotheses, based on a review of the literature on environmental sustainability and customer experience in the hospitality industry, are tested in an empirical study of 412 Spanish customers who stayed in various types of tourist accommodation.The main conclusion is that the relationship between environmental sustainability and customer experience in the hospitality industry can be demonstrated.This paper also validates a measurement scale based on the most accepted dimensionality of the construct: cognitive (think.This negative impact has also been studied in several other countries, such as Jordan (Masa'deh et al., 2017), the Netherlands (Postma & Schmuecker, 2017), Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand (Azam et al., 2018), and Taiwan (Peng & Lee, 2019).In Indonesia, research on the negative effects of the hotel industry has been published (Lampung et al., 2020;Yuniati, 2021) and concluded the impact on disruption of the natural environment, built environment, and local culture.
The Environmental Management System (EMS) focuses on fulfilling commitments by organizations to several policies for environmental management.This commitment includes reducing negative environmental impacts from the organization's products, services, and activities (Rainanto et al., 2020) academics and practitioners pay attention to sustainable hotel industry performance by adopting an environmental management system (EMS).
Pro-Environmental Behavior (PEB) is human behavior that understands and implements principles aimed at protecting the environment.The application of Pro-Environmental Behavior (PEB) is voluntary for the tourism industry, especially the hospitality industry (Fatoki, 2019;Li & Wu, 2019).
Green Marketing Mix 7Ps (GMM 7Ps) is a strategy for fulfilling 7 basic attributes that will support marketing activities while upholding environmental protection.The hotel industry needs to implement the Green Marketing Mix 7P's strategy to realize sustainable tourism (Rainanto et al., 2022b).
The hotel industry's business performance is considered successful and sustainability is realized from success in terms of the economy (business), preservation of the surrounding environment, and maintaining the socio-cultural conditions of the local community.Business continuity in the hospitality sector is not enough to be seen from the side of economic benefits, it is also necessary to look at it from the perspective of the surrounding environmental and social conditions (Pereira et al., 2021;Rainanto et al., 2022a;Sharpley, 2020).
Cities that have potential as tourist destinations tend to experience high growth in the number of hotels compared to other cities.This is because tourist destination cities are attractive economic potential for hospitality investors and tourist destinations.For some residents who "benefit" from their city becoming a tourist destination, this will be considered attractive, but for some other residents, this can be a problem (Rainanto, 2022).(Ilhami et al., 2020) stated that until 2019 there was a traffic jam in Batu City, which is located in East Java Province, on certain days due to the large number of tourist vehicles entering the city.This is supported by data from the Central Bureau of Statistics for the City of Batu in 2019 which stated that visitors to tourist attractions and souvenir tours in Batu City in 2019 totaled 6,047,460 tourists with a total of 1,354 hotels (BPS Kota Batu, 2020).The ratio of the population of Batu City to the number of tourists coming to the city in 2019 is that the population of Batu City is 0.02% of the number of tourists (BPS Kota Batu, 2020).
The number of tourists in Batu City, Malang City, and Malang Regency in East Java Province increased rapidly at weekends.The arrival of these tourists caused congestion on several roads there.The results of the research on the noise level conducted on Jalan WR Supratman which is one of the main roads in Malang City, East Java Province on Sunday is 81.2 dBA -86.1 dBA, while on Monday it is 72.0 dBA -79, 1dBA (Putra & Setyabudiarso, 2022).By the Decree of the Minister of State for the Environment No. 48 of 1996, Appendix 1 includes a table regarding Noise Level Standards according to area designation.The standard threshold values for Noise Level according to the regulations include Housing and Settlements (55 dbA); Trade and Services (70 dBA); Office Building (dbA); Green Open Space (50 dbA); Industrial (70 dbA); Government and Public Facilities (60 dBA); Recreation (70 dbA) (KepMen LH No.48, 1999).Meanwhile, the Noise Threshold Value (NAV) according to Kepmenaker No. per-51/ MEN/1999, ACGIH, 2008and SNI 16-7063-2004is 85 dB (Menteri Tenaga Kerja Republik Indonesia, 1999).Another negative effect is that the water discharge becomes weak at certain times.According to the Indonesian Forum for the Environment (WALHI) of East Java Province, the water quality index in East Java from 2016 to 2020 has decreased and is of concern and has a very concerning status.The data is also following the Statistical Report on Water Quality, Air and Land Cover issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, Directorate General of Pollution Control and Environmental Damage, which stated that the water quality of all major rivers in East Java Province was classified as heavily polluted from 2015 to 2020 (Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, 2021).Based on the East Java Province Environmental Management Quality Index Report.WALHI (2020) notes that more than 800,000 hectares of forest in East Java have been damaged.Walhi (2021) stated that in East Java Province cumulatively based on BNPB records from 2013 to 2019 there have been 2676 hydrometeorological disasters.
In addition to the negative impacts of environmental conditions, there are also negative impacts from the economic sector, such as high property prices which combine because many migrants are interested in owning homes in tourist destinations.Massive property development has also reduced the area of paddy fields and open land in these tourist destinations.(Hengky & Kikvidze, 2021) reports that the area of land in Malang is getting narrower every year.This is due to the conversion of land into residential and industrial areas.Currently, the area of agricultural land in the city of Malang, especially for rice farming, is only 821 hectares out of 1,104 hectares.One of the impacts felt is the frequent occurrence of floods in several areas of Malang Metropolitan in recent years.If this negative impact is left unchecked, it will affect the comfort of the Malang Metropolitan City.
The World Tourism Organization (WTO) defines Sustainable Tourism as: "Tourism that takes into account its current and future economic, environmental, and social impacts, meeting the needs of consumers, the environment, industry, and local communities".The concept of sustainable tourism states that tourism development should not damage nature, the environment, or land, especially agricultural land (Guanabara et al., 2013).UNWTO's conceptual definition of sustainable tourism must: (i) Make optimal use of environmental resources, which are a key element in tourism development, safeguarding important ecological processes and helping to preserve the natural heritage and biodiversity; (ii) Respect the socio-cultural authenticity of the host communities, preserve the cultural heritage and traditional values that they have built and live by, and contribute to intercultural understanding and tolerance; (iii) Ensure proper and long-term economic operations, provide socio-economic benefits that are distributed fairly to all stakeholders, including stable employment and income opportunities and social services for local communities, and contribute to poverty alleviation.
There are three sustainable performances for industrial companies along with details on their constituent parameters (Hourneaux et al., 2018).The three sustainable performances include 1. Sustainable Environmental Performance, consisting of (a) Reduction of wastewater, (b) Reduction of emissions, and waste, (c) Reduction of costs for environmental aspects of products and services, (d) Environmental compliance, (e) Reduction costs for common environmental problems; 2. Sustainable Economic Performance, consisting of (a) Profit The novelties of the research are measuring Sustainable Performance in the Hospitality Industry based on an Environmental Management System, Behavior that supports the environment, and the application of the Green Marketing Mix 7P as a mediator.The measurement of sustainable performance for the hotel industry is something new in research because what usually measures sustainable performance is done in the goods or manufacturing industries.

Hypothesis Development Relationship between Two or More Variables
The hypothesis that forms the basis of this study is 17 relationships.The development of 17 hypotheses is based on a literature review of the dependent to independent variables, as well as the moderator variable which is the link between the dependent and independent variables.11 hypotheses are directly related, and 6 hypotheses that are indirectly related using the Green Marketing Mix 7P (GMM 7's) mediation.The research hypothesis in this study is in Figure 1 below.
The 17 hypotheses in this study are proposed in detail as follows: H1: The EMS has a significant and direct relationship to sustainable economic performance H2: The EMS has a significant and direct relationship to environmental performance H3: The EMS has a significant and direct relationship to social performance The PEB directly has a significant relationship on GMM H9: The GMM has a significant and direct relationship to economic sustainability H10: The GMM has a significant and direct relationship to environmental sustainability H11: The GMM has a significant and direct relationship to social sustainability H12: The GMM mediates between EMS and economic sustainable performance H13: The GMM mediates between PEB and economic sustainable performance H14: The GMM mediates between EMS and environmentally sustainable performance H15: The GMM mediates between PEB and environmentally sustainable performance H16: The GMM mediates between EMS and social sustainable performance H17: The GMM mediates between PEB and social sustainability

METHOD
This research method was chosen quan- This study uses a simple sampling method because the selection of the sample is completely random and member of the hotel industry population has an equal chance of being selected to be part of the sample.Furt-   jectives: (1) Research analysis to find out the direct relationship between the X and Mediator variables with the Sustainable Industry Performance variable using Smart-PLS 3; (2) Research analysis to determine the recommended relationship model between variable X and Me-diator with the Sustainable Industry Performance variable using Smart-PLS 3.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION
The results of the analysis using Smart PLS 3 through several stages of the process.The second-order construct model in this research is reflective-formative.The higherorder constructs are for the mediator variable.Due to the formative nature of the mediator constructs, the recommended measurement approach for this type of HCM model is the two-stage PLS.The two-stage PLS approach takes advantage of the advantages of PLS path modeling to explicitly measure the values of latent variables, also be implemented in models with interaction effects between all constructs as measured by reflective indicators.Figure 2 below shows the results from the Second Order Construct.
The results of the hypothesis for a direct relationship are obtained from several criteria such as t-value, p-value, and f 2 .The relationship between variables in a positive (supported) result is based on a t-value above 1.645 (Hair et al., 2017) then the P-value must be less than 0.10 (Hair et al., 2017); and f 2 must be greater than 0.02.The details of the hypotheses are presented in Table 3 and  Table 4.
After the results of the analysis with several previous stages, it was concluded that of the 17 initial hypotheses, it was proven that 14 hypotheses were accepted, while 3 hypotheses were rejected.Easily, the final results of the study table be seen in Figure 3 below.
The results of the research based on the analysis result model are that the Environmen-tal Management System (EMS) variable supports Sustainable Economy, Social Sustainable, and Green Marketing Mix 7P.The Pro-Environmental Behavior (PEB) variable supports the Sustainable Environment and Green Marketing Mix 7P.The 7P Green Marketing Mix Variables are also three sustainable variables namely Economic, Environmental, and Social.The 7P Green Marketing Mix function as a mediator between EMS and PEB in Sustainable Industrial Performance is also supported.The novelty of this research for the hospitality industry is the 7P Green Marketing Mix, both directly and as a moderator for EMS and PEB will provide positive benefits for the sustainability of the hospitality businesses The hypotheses that support the novelty of the results of this study include H12 (EMS -GMM -Economic Sustainable Performance); H13 (PEB -GMM -Economic Sustainable Performance); H14 (EMS -GMM -Environmental Sustainable Performance); H15 (PEB -GMM -Environmental Sustainable Performance); H16 ( EMS -GMM -Social Sustainable Performance); and H17 (PEB -GMM -Social Sustainable Performance).
The benefits of this research can be used by several parties such as Hotel owners, Managers, Regional Governments, Central Government, and Hospitality Associations, all of that in the framework of creating sustainable tourism.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
There are seventeen hypotheses linking the Environmental Management System (EMS), Pro-Environmental Behavior (PEB) for Sustainable Industry Performance (SIP) with the Green Marketing Mix 7P's Mediation (GMM 7P's).Fourteen hypotheses are accepted and three hypotheses are rejected.Fourteen hypotheses were accepted, consisting of: H1, H3, H5, H7, H8, H9, H10, H11, H12, H13, H14, H15, H16, and H17.While the three hypotheses are rejected, namely: H2, H4, and H6.There are 11 hypotheses related to the direct interaction hypothesis, eight hypotheses are accepted, while three are not accepted.The conclusion from the research results is that the Environmental Management System (EMS) supports Sustainable Economy, Social Sustainable, and Green Marketing Mix 7P.For Pro-Environmental Behavior (PEB) supports Sustainable Environment and Green Marketing Mix 7P.Then the Green Marketing Mix 7P supports the three sustainable variables, namely Economic, Environmental, and Social.The Green Marketing Mix 7P function as a mediator between EMS and PEB on Sustainable Industry Performance is also supported.The benefit of this research for the hotel industry is that implementing EMS and PEB through the 7P Green Marketing Mix will provide positive benefits for the sustainability of the hotel business.The limitation of this research is the scope of the research location which is only in East Java.On the other hand, there is the Covid-19 pandemic which has forced several hotels to not operate.The recommendation for further research is to expand the scope of research locations to other provinces so that it can become a policy decision in managing the hospitality industry in the Republic of Indonesia.

Figure 1 .
Figure 1.Research Hypothesis from operations, (b) Sales growth, (c) Return on equity, (d )Return on investment, (e) Cost per unit produced, (f) Net cash flow, (g) Market share, (h) On-time delivery, (i) Customer response time, (j) Number of warranty claims, (k) Number of customer complaints, (l) Customer satisfaction survey, (m) Material efficiency variations; 3. Sustainable Social Performance, consisting of (a) Social commitment, (b) Environmental preservation, (c) Increasing employee job satisfaction, (d) Training and education, and (e) Compliance with products and services.

Table 1 .
Reliability Value of Reflective Construct

Table 2 .
Measurement of Two-Stage Process for Second-Order (Reflective -Formative)

Table 3 .
Hypothesis Testing(Direct Effect Result Test)

Table 4 .
Hypothesis Testing on Mediating , the use of a purposive sampling method was because the respondents selected as questionnaire fillers are hotel employees with the position of General Manager or Manager.
hermoreThe reason for selecting respondents at the Manager or General Manager level is because those two positions understand and are competent with matters relating to policies carried out by hotel management.These policies, among others, relate to EMS, PEB, and GMM toward SIP.Research analysis based on research ob-

Table 4 .
Hypothesis Testing on Mediating