Potential of Social Capital and Community Participation in Village Development

This study aims to evaluate the development program of Tlogoadi Sleman village which is related to social capital and community participation. Social capital as the potential of natural resources and human resources, while community participation is the activity of individuals or groups in village development programs. The research subjects consisted of 12 hamlet heads in Tlogoadi village, and data collection using questionnaire methods and in-depth interviews. Data analysis was descriptive quantitative and qualitative. The results showed that the average social capital of 80% supports the development activities of the village of Tlogoadi and 85% involves community participation. Evaluation based on the utilization of resource potential carried out by Tlogoadi village shows that 75% of the potential of natural resources and human resources are used in rural development which can reduce poverty. Future studies need to be tested on community members from each hamlet to find out the consistency of the results.


INTRODUCTION
The purpose of development is to improve the welfare of the community or reduce poverty, and development must always be realized by the community as well. The development process must also be escorted by community from planning, implementation to evaluation and focusing from the people, by the people and for the people (Gunawan, 2016). According to (Bappenas, 2005) poverty means the limitations and insufficiency of food quality, health, education, employment and business opportunities, access to housing and sanitation services, access to clean water, weak certainty of ownership and control of land, deteriorating environmental conditions and natural resources and a weak guarantee of security. Besides that poverty is also due to the weak participation, and the amount of population burden caused by the size of the family's dependents. The poverty line can be measured by the low per capita. Therefore poverty reduction efforts such as community empowerment are needed by optimizing the potential of natural resources and human resources because the community is a human resource that can change a region to be more advanced. The potential of natural resources and human resources that are optimized as social capital for village development. (Field, 2010) interpreting social capital is a relationship that is limited by trust, mutual understanding and shared values that limit group members to make movements effectively and efficiently. Social capital is an actual and virtual resource that develops in relationships that have been institutionalized in the perspective of others (Hasbullah J, 2006). The definition of social capital is also expressed by (Burt R.S, 1999) by defining social capital as the ability of the community to relate to each other so that it becomes a very important force, not only on economic aspects, but also on every aspect of other social existence. Social capital is related to reducing crime rates, reducing mortality and better education (Putnam, 2002). Social capital has an important role and is related to the market and failure of government, community and networks, social contracts, limited rationality, the cost of receiving information and decision making, and negative influences for actions (Bowles S & Gintis H, 2002) and (Savioli,M & Patuelli,R, 2016). Social capital evolves with institutions and individuals. Economic agents often do not understand and exploit it. Policy makers can be hindered by reducing the economists' vision based on the thinking of highly rational individuals. Studies (Maluccio J, L Haddah, & J May, 2000) prove that social capital is closely related to welfare, poverty reduction or reducing the likelihood of becoming poor in a South African country (Grootaert C, Oh, & Swamy, Social capital household and poverty in Burkina faso, 2002) as well as a study (Grootaert, 2001) that shows social capital influences welfare in Bolivia (Grootaert C & Narayan D, Local Institutions, Poverty and Household Welfare in Bolivia, 2000) in Nigeria and Roslan (Diawara B.S, Chikayaoshi, & K. Hanson, 2003) as well as Malaysia (Roslan A, A.A. Nor, & I. Russayani, 2010). Social capital contributes to household welfare by considering the age and size of the household or family (Olawuyi S.D & Oladele. S.E, 2012). Social capital is very important for poverty in developing countries and seeks to increase the education of the poor because job creation will not succeed in reducing poverty unless accompanied by social capital (Goetdz SJ, 1997). Even studies (Grootaert, 2001) prove there is a close relationship between poverty and social capital in Indonesia, although the influence of social capital on household poverty is not always significant (Pramono, 2012).
Social capital can be in the form of bonding or bridging. Social capital in the form of bonding is social capital in the context of inward looking ideas, relations, and attention. This form of social capital generally appears and is in a society that tends to be homogeneous. (Armitage & Plummer, 2010) suggest a mechanism for further adjustment is said to be an adaptation mechanism. This mechanism explains that the community has the social-ecological ability of the social system to remain ready and robust in facing and responding to changes from internal and external factors. Social capital as social bridging means that groups that have an outwardlooking attitude make it possible to establish connections and mutually beneficial networks with associations or groups outside their groups (Hasbullah J, 2006). Interaction patterns and networks that are formed in bridging social capital dealing with outside parties are upheld with a passion for mutual benefit, realizing oneself to others. This has nuances of equality and inclusiveness (Suparman, 2013).
There are three elements of the resource component and important elements of social capital, namely trust, values and norms and networks (Riadi, 2018). Trust is a belief related to results and events that express faith in integrity or technical knowledge. Trust serves to reduce or minimize the danger that comes from certain activities and is not bound by risk. But in various possibilities, trust increases human ability to cooperate not because of rational cognitive calculations, but through consideration between urgently needed desires and expectations. Cooperation cannot be established if it is not based on mutual trust between the parties involved and can increase tolerance to uncertainty (Damsar, 2009).
Research related to social capital and poverty as well as community participation has been carried out, as has happened in Indonesia. The study (Rachmawati, 2014) describes social capital in communities in Indonesia including around tourist destinations affecting the development of ecotourism on certain sites. Community social capital is also influenced by community cultural capital. The elements of the social system that must be considered in the West Java community are interpersonal trust in sentimental elements and norms. However, research conducted by (Baksh R, Soemarno L, Hakim, & Nugroho, 2013) in Tambak Sari Village (East Java Province) shows that there is a connection between networking and ecotourism development. Javanese communities are well known for their social class systems, and their general characteristics tend to be closed. Meanwhile, Sundanese (in West Java) are softer, more likely to give up, not ambitious in competition and more open to newcomers. The results of the study (Rachmawati, 2014) show that ecotourism development must consider the social and cultural capital owned by the community.
There are two things that must be considered to develop the village, namely values and norms. Value is an idea of experience and an important part of culture. Actions should be in accordance with agreed values and upheld by the community to do, while norms are the rules of social life collectively or collectively. Norms contain various moral and physical sanctions for a person or group that violates social values. Norms are aimed at suppressing community members so that their actions do not conflict with agreed values (Setiadi,Elly M & Kolip,Usman, 2011).
Values and norms are the basic things found in the process of social interaction. Values and norms refer to how individuals should act in society. Norms are part of the social capital that is formed not created by bureaucrats or the government. Norms are formed through tradition, history, charismatic figures who build procedures for the behavior of a person or group of people, then create social capital in order to determine the rules that can govern personal and group interests (Francis, 1996).
A network is a bond between a person or a socially related group that is tied to the trust of both parties. Networks are relationships between individuals that have subjective meanings as bonds (Damsar, 2009), whereas (Robinson, L.J, Marcelo, E.S, & Songqing,J, 2011) say networks are formed because of regional origin, political beliefs or the same religion. Healthy communities tend to have strong social networks. The network of social relations is characterized by a typical typology in line with the characteristics and orientation of the group. Social groups are usually formed traditionally on the basis of similar social lines and similar beliefs in the dimensions of religious beliefs that tend to be highly cohesive, but the range of networks and beliefs that are built is very narrow (Mawardi MJ, 2017).
According to (Gunawan, 2016) the village means the smallest unit of government within the scope of governance in Indonesia. Village is a legal community unit that has a regional boundary that has the authority to regulate and manage government, the interests of the local community based on community initiatives, traditional rights and / or rights recognized and respected in the NKRI government system (Undang-Undang RI, 2014) No. 23 concerning the Regional Government. In carrying out government programs including village development programs, an active role is needed because the community is the main requirement to support the success of the village development program.
(Hanka M,J & Engbers T.A, 2017) introduce revolutionary ideas that many people's economic resilience are related to the social capital in them. Recent research shows that social capital is not only beneficial for those who develop it, but can also function as a source of economic development in society. Past quantitative research on the economic benefits of social capital only examines cities or higher levels of aggregation.
This study measures social capital in three diverse socio-economic environments to better understand how social capital can function as a tool for economic development. Regional planning and development certainly need to involve the community, including assisting community development strategies. The case in Langley Park, Maryland stated by (Willow,S, Lung Amam, & Casey Dawkins, 2019) suggests that an environment consisting mostly low-income Latin immigrants faces potential displacement from new transit lines, needs to investigate the potential of new story mapping techniques and technology to help people improve the meaning of everyday life and values to promote greater justice in the development process.
Research related to social capital and poverty as well as community participation has been carried out, as has happened in Indonesia. The study (Rachmawati, 2014) describes social capital in communities in Indonesia including around tourist destinations affecting the development of ecotourism on certain sites. Community social capital is also influenced by community cultural capital. The elements of the social system that must be considered in the West Java community are interpersonal trust in sentimental elements and norms. However, research conducted by (Baksh R, Soemarno L, Hakim, & Nugroho, 2013) in Tambak Sari Village (East Java Province) shows that there is a connection between networking and ecotourism development. Javanese communities are well known for their social class systems, and their general characteristics tend to be closed. Meanwhile, Sundanese (in West Java) are softer, more likely to give up, not ambitious in competition and more open to newcomers. The results of the study (Rachmawati, 2014) show that ecotourism development must consider the social and cultural capital owned by the community.
Environmental problems also need to be considered in village development. (Pasanen, T, et al, 2017) conducted a survey of 120 households related to poverty and the environment in the country of Laos. The results of the study show that there is a relationship between poverty and the use of firewood for cooking, the relationship of poverty and access to safe drinking water. The most common problems experienced are air pollution, although not related to poverty, indoor air quality and sanitation are more commonly used for richer households. This is a separate record for developing Tlogoadi village because environmental problems are also related to the problem of poverty.
The results of the study (Pasanen, T, et al, 2017) show that poverty in Laos is related to environmental problems and examination methods. Some of our results confirm that results by (Dasgupta S, Deichmann U, Meisner C, & Wheeler D, 2005) also apply to household level relationships, while others conflict with the results of reference studies. Most of the correlations between environmental change and poverty are significant, even though they are not very strong. The results imply that there are other fundamental factors that influence poverty and environmental change. Overall, the most explicit relationships are between poverty and using wood for cooking, and having access to safe drinking water. Seeing the Pasanen study can be said that in households in Laos, there are also those who use fuel wood which can be said to be categorized as poor if based on one measure of poverty according to BPS in Indonesia.
Apart from environmental problems, poverty is also related to health. (Cronin A.A, et al, 2017) examine poverty levels related to health. The results of the study (Cronin A.A, et al., 2017) explain that if poverty is viewed from the health side, then the community should pay attention to the health level starting from each household so that there is 8.5% access to irrigation and sanitation which must be adjusted to the provisions or targets MDGs in 2017. Whereas other studies related to poverty have been carried out by (Scneider,A.G, et al, 2018) testing the environment and poverty in slums in Brazil. The results of the study (Scneider,A.G, et al, 2018) show that the community needs to pay attention to the level of health so as not to interfere with the level of global morbidity and mortality, especially in slum residents. Several poverty studies related to social and environmental capital have also been carried out. But in general the research has not been fully related to development evaluation. Therefore this study tries to test the correlation of village development with community participation and village development.

RESEARCH METHOD
This research was conducted in Tlogoadi Village, Mlati District, Sleman Regency. The sample or subject of this study was 12 hamlet heads in Tlogoadi village. The research data is in the form of primary data, directly from the speakers. The techniques for collecting through filling out questionnaires and in-depth interviews. Respondents were to fill out a questionnaire compiled by the team in a self rating by giving a score of 0-100% related to the achievement of the village development program and the potential of the resources used and conducting interviews with the head of the hamlet in relation to the village program.
The research variables consisted of three, namely: social capital,participation, and village development. Social capital is capital used in developing the village. Variable social capital is divided into two, namely the potential of natural resources and the potential of human resources. The measurement of natural resource potential includes: 1) agriculture, 2) livestock, 3) tourism potential, 4) culinary potential, 5) institutional potential or existing group resources. While the potential of human resources is divided into: 1) activities or activities of youth groups, 2) activities of women's groups, or 3) activities of other productive groups. The potential of natural resources means agricultural products, from natural resources owned in villages managed by the community and supporting village development activities.
The potential of human resources is individuals or community groups who utilize their potential to be productive in filling in village development. All potential natural resources and human resources that can be used for rural development are defined as social capital. In accordance with the notion of social capital, namely the ability of the community to relate to one another so that it becomes a very important force, not only to the economic aspects, but also to every aspect of other social existence (Burt R.S, 1999).
The second variable is Community Participation which means involving the community or several people in a village activity. Engagement can be in the form of mental, emotional and abilities (Dwiningrum & Siti Irene Astuti, 2011). Community participation means willingness of the people to support government programs (Agustinus, Tahun XIII, No.3, 2011). In this case, community participation means the involvement of both individuals and groups from the Tlogoadi village community in village development activities. Community involvement in all group activities that support village development programs.
The third variable, namely Village Development is a development program that exists in Tlogoadi village which includes several fields including: 1) social sector, 2) education, 3) environment,4)health,5)product association, 6) economy, 7) insight nationality, 8) mitigation of disaster mitigation. Measurement of the results of evaluation of village development programs by carrying out the average results of the self-rating score from the hamlet head. From the measurement of social capital, community participation and village development were tested and analyzed descriptively qualitatively and quantitatively.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
This study evaluates the development program of the village of Tlogoadi by using subjects as hamlet heads in the village of Tlogoadi. Each hamlet head was asked to fill out a questionnaire prepared by the research team relating to social capital, community participation and village development, then the team also conducted in-depth interviews with the hamlet heads regarding the deeper data assessment. Based on the land area of Tlogoadi area of 1,895.60 Ha consisting of paddy fields and dry land. Rice fields are productive land that is used by residents for agricultural activities covering an area of 268.70 hectares (BPS, 2018). The extent of agricultural land can be reduced if village officials allow land to change functions, such as not being used for agriculture, for example housing in the area so that there is a lack of comfort for the community because when it rains a lot of water puddles on the road due to lack of attention to water absorption. Therefore it is necessary to evaluate whether the results of the development program to see the real conditions and to see the level of community participation and social capital in the village in supporting village development programs.
Social capital can reduce disaster risk, loss of work and disease and collective action to overcome common problems and tend to have a negative impact on household poverty. In accordance with the study (Ahmad Nuzhat & Sadaqat Mahpara, 2016) which proves that social capital has a large influence on poverty compared to individual humans.
Governments and individuals contribute by participating in networks and associations, even though the market cannot create sufficient social capital. Problems with market failure and government failures in free trade, public goods, incomplete externalities and information are better resolved at the community level and can be overcome by social capital (Bowles S & Gintis H, 2002). Implementation of social capital requires cooperation in every village development activity and requires community participation as social security. Community participation means involving the community or several people in an activity. Engagement can be in the form of mental, emotional and abilities (Dwiningrum & Siti Irene Astuti, 2011). Community participation means willingness of the people to support government programs (Agustinus, year XIII, No.3, 2011). Community participation is very closely related to social capital because in social capital also involves several people or communities in carrying out an activity for a purpose.
In addition, optimization of natural resources and human resources will be able to realize the development of villages in an effort to reduce poverty. According to the study (Suratno, 2017) the implementation of development in Pulau Pandan village is categorized as good because the level of community participation is high, especially for traders and entrepreneurs. This shows very closely the relationship between community participation as social capital and the success of village development. Table 1 shows data relating to social capital based on hamlet heads in Tlogoadi village. The profile of social capital originating from human resources is the head of the hamlet detailed in the background of the education and age of the hamlet head. There were 12 people occupying hamlet heads in the Tlogoadi village area. The following are profile data of hamlet heads based on age and final education level which can be presented in Table 1:  Table 1 shows the hamlet heads based on their level of education and age. Most of the 12 hamlet heads in Tlogoadi village have high school graduates or 92% and only 8% have graduated or only 1 is the head of the Karang Bojang Kidul hamlet. While on average developing high school but the hamlet development program runs smoothly, as evidenced by the activity of productive activities in each hamlet. If viewed from an average of 50% of the total number of people present between 41-50 years or 67% and only 8% who can reach 30-40 years, while those that can be seen 51-60 years with 3 people or 25% . Whereas the highest is 8% or 1 person, namely the head of the Plaosan village. Table 2 shows data relating to profile of hamlet heads based on position. Hamlet heads with positions of 1 period or 0-5 years as many as 4 or 33%, namely the heads of the Toragan hamlet, Cebongan Kidul, Plaosan, and Nglarang, respondents who occupy the position of hamlet heads for 2 periods or 6-10 years as many as 33%, namely heads Gandekan, Kamboja, Karanglo, and Bolawen hamlets. The respondents who occupied the hamlet heads for more than 2 periods or more than 10 years were 4 people, namely the heads of the sanggrahan hamlet, Cebongan Lor, Karang, and Kalongan. Hamlet heads who occupy more than one period on average 41-50 years old.

Population Composition in Tlogoadi
Village: as village development capital, Social capital can explain development in depth. Of course the form of social capital must be understood with the same perception. One form of social capital is assets as natural resources or as main capital of development. Assets or natural resources prove that natural assets or better known as natural resources have power as a factor in village development.
Thus, this study can conclude that the village area of Tlogoadi has assets or natural resources as social capital has a factor causing the function of village development. Village development requires positive interaction between factors of social capital or natural resources. The population is the main factor in village development, with the many productive ages of the population owned, the government's efforts to reduce poverty will be more achievable.
In accordance with the results of previous studies relating to social capital and poverty, it has been carried out by (Erman Rustiadi & Ahmadriswan Nasution, 2017). They examine poverty related to access to social capital and other factors that determine the well-being of households in rural areas. The results of this study were also able to prove that social capital has an important role in reducing poor households. Social capital investment by optimizing the productive age population in the household can potentially reduce poverty in rural areas. The poverty reduction program in rural Indonesia is focused on development through infrastructure investment and human resources including: education, health, and access to financial capital. Planned and measured actions on social capital investments in rural areas need to be considered because they have been shown to have a positive impact on access to social capital through household participation in social groups. This study will be even broader if it relates to government and private sector intervention rural development programs as done by (Erman Rustiadi & Ahmadriswan Nasution, 2017) with the provision of quality education encouraging increased social capital, which ultimately also increases income and reduces rural poverty Indonesia.
When viewed on the basis of social capital which is interpreted from the composition of the population of the village of Tlogoadi as village development capital can be seen in table 3. Based on population composition, the population in Cebongan Kidul hamlet has the highest population of 2,050 people with a productive youth of 250 or 10% the number of productive women is 410 or 20%. Table 3 shows the number of young people in Plaosan hamlet is 400 people or 30% of Plaosan's total population and 381 productive women or 28.86%.
The smallest population in Karanglo hamlet is 650 people, with a productive population of 120 people or 18.46% of the total population of Karanglo and a total of 68 people or 10.46%. The composition of the youth population in Tlogoadi village shows the role of youth as capital to develop the village with various productive activities in the village, as well as women who are active in every village development activity.Community participation and various types of livelihood capital can be used to achieve rural development. The capital used includes initial capital and physical capital that is used for the first time. The following data on the population of the Tlogoadi village are listed in Table 3: Human resources are placed in the second priority. Natural and social social capital are each placed in the third and fourth priority. Finally, financial capital is given the last priority. This finding is consistent with (Omrani M & Farajzadeh Z, 2016) which evaluates the role of physical capital to be more important than applications. Furthermore, experiments and (Ghafari G & Paluj M, 2013), physical capital was found to play the first role. Therefore, physical capital plays the same role.
According to (Varady,D, Kleinhans,R, & Ham, Maarten van, 2015) studying community participation also needs to review the previous environmental context. Although participation is usually emphasized as a goal, it is of course also concerned with involvement in community participation that will contribute to the achievement of regeneration (Evans M, 2008) (Bailey N, 2012). Initial environmental emphasize community involvement, national evaluations show additional resources and the proportion of community participation must be seen.
Efforts for community participation can be done in several ways, both formally and informally. Informal mechanisms, such as obtaining word of mouth, to see further involvement in the organization, involvement is achieved through community events and training or through informal influence and persuasion on a daily basis. Although the study previously suggested participation was an exception (Bailey N, 2012), some activities were dominated by whites, most of whom participated were full-time assignments.
In this case participation is defined as community involvement in various activities in the community, participation is defined as the usefulness of the potential that exists in Tlogoadi village that is used by the surrounding community.This potential consists of the potential of natural resources, and the potential of human resources. Respondents were asked to fill out a questionnaire that had been provided by the researcher by asking a number of things related to community activity in activities in the village.
Participation by optimizing natural resources is interpreted by how much the community uses natural resources to carry out productive activities to fill village development. The following is the potential data in Tlogoadi village both in terms of the potential of natural and human resources shown in Table 4 as follows :  Table 4 shows the potential possessed by Tlogoadi village based on natural resources and human resources optimized by the people of the village of Tlogoadi. Some natural resources are seen as potential for rural development, namely 1): agriculture with rice and crops, 2) agricultural fields such as cattle and goats; 3) has tourism potential such as Dewi Flori tourism, 4) has the potential of culinary tourism such as Balindeso restaurant. 5) in the health sector, the village of Tlogoadi also has a posyandu, and poslansia.
Community participation which is defined as optimal natural resources consists of: agricultural groups in the sense of managing rice and palawija crops consisting of 75% activeness in village development, 75% livestock groups, tourism conscious groups or managing tourist villages 85%, 80% culinary groups, siskamling group or ronda 80%.
Sources of human potential optimized by the village community as capital in village development are: youth groups namely karang taruna clubs with an activity of 75%, siskamling groups which are 80%, activeness groups Dasa Wisma from groups of mothers or women amounting to 85%, women's groups Arisan, PKK and groups of fathers like takmir mosques with 85% activeness and farmer groups including female farmer groups with an active level of 75%.
Filling in community participation rates in table 4 is based on filling numbers from respondents or hamlet heads by measuring the level of sustainability of community groups incorporated in the community in each hamlet, and filling natural resources based on respondents' content with the natural resources used in their villages according to their perceptions .
Productive groups can also be interpreted as social capital that can support human development. Social capital or productive groups means the ability of the community to relate to each other so that it becomes a very important force, not only for the economic aspects, but also for every aspect of other social existence. Economic aspects, clearly for economic improvement, such as PKK group, Dasa Wisma, while groups with aspects of social existence such as siskamling or mobile security system by jimpitan or by means of squatting (picking up a little money provided in each house) during patroly.
In terms of environmental aspects, Tlogoadi village actually has a fairly advanced environment, it can be seen from good environmental governance and having social capital in the form of high levels of mutual cooperation in building villages. The existing development is mostly carried out independently and one of the activities of the community that is oriented to economic development is that there is a community of Taserba (Multipurpose Savings) and Padas (Association of Healthy Funds). In an effort to build a competitive society, the role of social capital is increasingly important, with many contributions to social capital for the success of village development. Therefore, the active role of the community is the main requirement to establish cooperation in development to achieve prosperity. Community participation is also a social security for the community to gain access to development. The level of community participation and social capital can be seen from the level of optimizing the use of potential in the village including the potential of natural resources and the potential of human resources because it can lead to uneven results of village development.
Village Development Program, According to (Janssens W, 2009) community-based development projects are often debated to strengthen social capital. (Janssens W, 2009) examined the impact women's empowerment programs in India by collaborating using data on 2,000 households. The program significantly increases trust and stimulates contributions to infrastructure and education community projects. The effect on informal assistance among households is less consistent. The results of the study (Janssens W, 2009) found evidence that households in the village tended to participate more in development programs than households outside the village.
Other researchers, (Musavengane R & Simatele D, 2017) prove that social capital and community participation in activities include when designing or developing future projects. In addition, in a broader perspective, it indicates that national rural development policy makers need to promote greater community participation when formulating policies on local natural resources. Especially with social capital community participation can minimize unexpected conflicts through the provision of a strong structure to work with a framework to empower local communities and communities.
Efforts to improve the utilization of social capital and the level community participation need to be evaluated from the results of village development. Of course, in evaluating village development, including Tlogoadi village, the social capital in Tlogoadi village is realized by the active groups or communities as village development capital. Implications community development activities, community needs, and community participation, so there is a close relationship between social capital and community participation. Based on the results of data analysis from the evaluation of village development programs by reviewing social capital and community participation which is divided into several fields, namely: social programs, educational development programs, environment, health, productive programs. Economy, national insight and poverty reduction are shown in Table 5 as follows. Table 5 shows the results of the evaluation of the development program of the village of Tlogoadi in twelve hamlet heads showing active in recommending their citizens for matters of dispensation including relief of school fees (Not Affordable Certificate). Education affairs show 80% of the success of the Early Childhood Education (PAUD) program, kindergarten schools, TPA (Alquran Education Park), are able to support education programs in rural development. Of course the program will not work if there is no community involvement. In the economic field, it shows 85% of cooperative activities such as savings and loans, Productive Socio-Economic Enterprises (USEP) are able to support economic programs in rural development. This shows that social capital in the form of cooperatives, savings and loans as well as USEP are running well and community involvement in supporting the running of these activities is also conducive. National insight activities such as the August 17 commemoration of the Republic of Indonesia Anniversary, or the hamlet merti which are jointly celebrated by the community. 75% of community participation in supporting national insight activities. Likewise for the field of disaster mitigation mitigation supported by the community.
Based on the results of data analysis on the evaluation of the development program of the village of Tlogoadi, Mlati District, Sleman Regency shows that social capital and community participation are closely related to the success of village development. Social capital in the village of Tlogoadi, such as the potential possessed by both natural resources such as agriculture, livestock, has the culinary potential of balindeso, gudeg, and tourist attractions of the goddess flory as well as from human resources such as youth youth groups, patrol / siskamling groups, the goddess flory tour group, and other productive groups, both the potential of natural resources and human resources if optimized as development capital, the potential is as social capital that has the ability of the community to relate to each other so that it becomes a very important force, not only towards economic aspects, but also for every other aspect of social existence. The ability of social capital in Tlogoadi village reaches an average of 80%, which is able to support rural development which ultimately reduces poverty. This is in line with the study (Ahmad Nuzhat & Sadaqat Mahpara, 2016) which proves that social capital has a large influence on poverty compared to individual humans. A preceding study relating to the evaluation of village development was carried out by (Hoyman, Michele, Mc-Call Jamie, Paarlberg Laurie, & Brennan John, 2016). The results of the study show the amount of income from the community and income inequality can affect village development. In addition, they test the development associated with the effects of social capital on economic development by considering a considerable amount of time. (Hoyman, Michele, Mc-Call Jamie, Paarlberg Laurie, & Brennan John, 2016) also do not consider the role of informal groupings in shaping the relationship between social capital and economic development and also do not test interactions between groups. Finally, the use of district level data limits the generalization of findings mostly to other studies that use similar units of analysis. While much of the current literature also uses districts as a basis for analysis, as shown in the literature review, regional-based comparisons are only part of the existing research. As this study takes in a narrower scope, namely from the scope of Tlogoadi village as part of the sub-district and district.
In addition to social capital, the level of community participation is also able to realize village development that can reduce poverty. As much as 80%, community participation in Tlogoadi village in supporting national insight activities. Likewise for the field of disaster mitigation mitigation supported by the community in accordance with the objectives of development, namely to improve the welfare of the community or reduce poverty because the development process must begin with the willingness, ability and opportunity to develop the village. Principal development remains in implementation planning to evaluation and focusing from the people, by the people and for the people (Gunawan, 2016) and the development goals are there to reduce poverty.
In addition, preliminary study conducted by (Richardson, K & Fletcher, T, 2018) shows that socialization serves as the basis for the development of social capital bonds by describing the bonds of social capital as activities and processes, which maintain horizontal relations that are already interwoven with people similar to yourself. An association of young people in the form of soccer (kicks) can create a safe environment where young people can develop strong bonding relationships with other young people (Richardson, K & Fletcher, T, 2018). Whereas (Janssens W, 2009) analyzes economic improvement related to income, business opportunities, and training.
There is a positive relationship between income and participation by observing all community members participate positively if they experience increased economic benefits. In addition to social capital, the level of community participation is also able to realize village development that can reduce poverty. As much as 80%, community participation in Tlogoadi village in supporting national insight activities.
Likewise for the field of disaster mitigation mitigation supported by the community in accordance with the objectives of development, namely to improve the welfare of the community or reduce poverty because the development process must begin with the willingness, ability and opportunity to develop the village. Principal development remains in implementation planning to evaluation and focusing from the people, by the people and for the people (Gunawan, 2016) and development goals are there to reduce poverty.
To maintain the continuity of the village development program so that it runs smoothly, it is necessary to implement a program to effectively reduce poverty by providing an understanding to optimize resources to create sustainable business. based on the field shows that people are poor because they lack business and financial skills, and access to capital, financial institutions, and markets that can limit their opportunities to generate sufficient income to get out of poverty.

CONCLUSION
This study can provide evidence about social capital and community participation can influence village development. Social capital is the capital given in each hamlet in the village of Tlogoadi, Mlati District, Sleman, which can be used as an asset in village development. social capital can manifest the potential that exists around the village both from natural resources and human resources. If the people of Tlogoadi village use social capital consisting of natural resources in their area, it will be able to increase the results of village development. Likewise with social capital that utilizes human resources in the village of Tlogoadi. Both from the youth group, women's groups as assets or social capital in building villages.
In addition to social capital, in an effort to improve the results of village development, community participation is needed which means the activity of the community in utilizing existing resources. In various community groups that are made into assets in village development. Farmers' groups, farmer groups, youth groups, PKK mothers and other community groups are very different in building villages. This study provides novelty within the framework of village development assessments based on perceptions of hamlet heads as executors of village development. Therefore, this studio needs to be studied more deeply about the efficiency of implementing village development. The performance of Tlogoadi village, Mlati sub-district, Sleman Regency needs to be evaluated, one of them is by looking at the achievements of the village development program. In addition, the factors that influence success of village development include social capital community participation. This study uses a sample of twelve hamlet heads in Tlogoadi village by measuring the percentage of success of the village development program through optimizing the potential of natural resources and human resources in developing villages.The active role of the community is the main requirement to establish cooperation in development achieve prosperity. Community participation is also a social security for the community to gain access to development. The level of community participation and social capital can be seen from the level of optimizing the use of potential in the village including the potential of natural resources and the potential of human resources because it can lead to uneven results village development, including in the village of Tlogoadi. Therefore the Tlogoadi village needs to be evaluated for development because by evaluating it can be seen the level of optimization of natural resources and human resources, including the level of community participation.The results of the study show that on average 80% of social capital can support the development activities of Tlogoadi village and 85% involve participation. Evaluation based on the utilization of resource potential carried out by Tlogoadi village shows that 75% of the potential of natural resources and human resources are used in rural development which can reduce poverty. This is indicated by the level of achievement of the score of the questionnaire filling in results from respondents based on the self rating.
The area of Tlogoadi village, including the area that maintains social capital in the environment, is defined as a clean area. This is indicated by the condition of Tlogoadi village that has a fairly advanced environment, can be seen from good environmental governance and has social capital in the form of a high level of mutual cooperation in building the village. The existing development is mostly carried out independently and one of the activities of the community that is oriented to economic development is that there is a community of Taserba (Multipurpose Savings), and Padas (Association of Healthy Funds). In an effort to build a competitive society, the role of social capital is increasingly important, with many contributions to social capital for the success of village development. In addition, the level of community participation in the village of Tlogoadi was also quite conducive as indicated by several activities running smoothly. The Tlogoadi village development program also increasingly shows the progress of the results. This is indicated by the running of all rural programs in the village.
Subsequent studies should use subjects in community leaders in the village area from each hamlet to find out the reciprocal results of the development programs that have been carried out especially in supporting poverty reduction activities.