Analisis Proses dan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Siswa dalam Matematika Melalui Tugas Open-Ended

Dini Kinati Fardah

Abstract

Berpikir kreatif merupakan masalah penting dalam belajar matematika. Banyak guru di sekolah dasar atau menengah masih kurang memperhatikan kemampuan ini. Dengan mengetahui kemampuan dan proses berpikir kreatif siswa guru memperolah wawasan yang luas tentang potensi dan bakat yang dimiliki siswa-siswinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses berpikir kreatif dan kemampuan siswa melalui tugas open-ended. Siswa yang akan dianalisis proses berpikir kreatifnya dikategorikan sebagai: a) siswa berkemampuan berpikir kreatif tinggi; b) siswa berkemampuan berpikir kreatif sedang; dan c) siswa berkemampuan berpikir kreatif rendah. Kemampuan berpikir kreatif menekankan pada aspek kelancaran, keluwesan, keaslian, dan keterincian, sementara proses berpikir kreatif meliputi tahap: 1) mengetahui adanya masalah, kesenjangan informasi, unsur yang hilang, 2) memahami masalah, 3) membuat dugaan dan merumuskan hipotesis, 4) menguji hipotesis dan evaluasi; 5) mengkomunikasikan ide. Beberapa hal yang penulis lakukan pada saat penelitian adalah: merancang kegiatan pembelajaran melalui pembelajaran open-ended untuk membiasakan siswa dengan soal open-ended; memberikan tes kemampuan berpikir kreatif menggunakan soal open-ended; menentukan subyek penelitian sebagai wakil dari masing-masing kategori; melakukan wawancara mendalam untuk membuat triangulasi data. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah berupa pola berpikir kreatif siswa kategori tinggi sebanyak 20% dari jumlah siswa, sedang  sebanyak 33,33%, dan rendah sebanyak 46,67%.

Creative thinking is an important problem in learning mathematics. Many teachers in primary or secondary schools still pay little attention to this ability. By knowing the abilities and creative thinking processes of students, teachers obtain broad insights about the potential and talents of their students. This study aims to analyze the process of creative thinking and students' abilities through open-ended assignments. Students who will be analyzed their creative thinking processes are categorized as: a) students with high creative thinking abilities; b) students who are able to think creatively; and c) students with low creative thinking ability. The ability to think creatively emphasizes the aspects of fluency, flexibility, authenticity, and detail, while the creative thinking process includes the stages: 1) knowing that there are problems, information gaps, missing elements, 2) understanding the problem, 3) making guesses and formulating hypotheses, 4) test hypotheses and evaluations; 5) communicating ideas. Some things that the writer did at the time of the study were: designing learning activities through open-ended learning to familiarize students with open-ended questions; provide tests of creative thinking skills using open-ended questions; determine the research subjects as representatives of each category; conduct in-depth interviews to make data triangulation. The results of this study are in the form of creative thinking patterns of high category students by 20% of the number of students, moderate by 33.33%, and low by 46.67%.

Keywords

kemampuan berpikir kreatif; proses berpikir kreatif; pembelajaran open-ended.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Babij, B. J. (2001). “Through the Looking Glass: Creativity and Leadership of Juxtaposedâ€. Thesis. State University of New York

Cooney, T. J. (2002). Open Ended Assessment in Math. Web. http://books.heinemann.com/math/about.cfm (Diakses 26 Dec 2012)

Ervync, G. (1991). “Mathematical Creativityâ€. Dalam Tall, D. Advanced Mathematical Learning. London: Kluwer Academic Publisher

Haylock, D. 1997. “Recognising mathematical creativity in school childrenâ€. Zentralblatt fuer Didaktikder Mathematik, Vol. 29(3)

Krathwohl, D. R. 2002. A Revision of Bloom’s Taxonomy: An Overview. Journal Theory Into Practice, Vol. 41(4)

Lee, K. S., Hwang, D. J. Seo, J. J. 2003. “A Development of the Test for Mathematical Creative Problem Solving Abilityâ€. Journal of the Korea Society of Mathematical Education Series D: Research in Mathematical Education, Vol. 7(3)

Mayer, R. E. 2002. “Rote Versus Meaningful Learningâ€, Journal Theory Into Practice, Vol 41(4)

Mahmudi, A. 2010. “Mengukur Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematisâ€. Makalah. Konferensi Nasional Matematika XV UNIMA 30 Juni – 3 Juli 2010.

Mann, E. 2005. “Mathematical Creativity and School Mathematics: Indicators of Mathematical Creativity in Middle School Studentsâ€. Disertasi. University of Connecticut.

Pelvrey, R. (2000). â€Open Ended Questions For Mathematicsâ€. Appalachian Rural Systemic Initiative University of Kentucky

Silver, E. A. (1997). Fostering Creativity through Instruction Rich in Mathematical Problem Solving and Problem Posing. The International Journal on Mathematics Education, 29(3)

Siswono, T. Y. E. (2004). “Identifying Creative Thinking Process of Students Through Mathematics Problem Posingâ€. Makalah. International Conference on Statistics and Mathematics and Its Application in the Development of Science and Technology, Universitas Islam Bandung, 4-6 Oktober 2004.

Suherman, E. et al. (2003). Strategi Pembelajaran Matematika Kontemporer. Bandung: JICA

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.