BIODEGRADATION OF CHRYSENE BY CONSORTIUM OF BACILLUS CEREUS AND
PSEUDOMONAS PUTIDA IN PETROLEUM CONTAMINATED-SOIL ON SLURRY-PHASE BIOREACTOR

Abubakar Tuhuloula, Ali Altway, Sri Rachmania Juliastuti, Suprapto Suprapto

Abstract

Pollution by chrysene compounds in the polluted soil of petroleum, due to exploration activities, production and disposal of petroleum waste into the environment causing serious damage to the ecosystem environment, became the target of processing with bacteria as a model of remediation of pollution sites. Thus, the study focused on the use of a bacterial consortium to degrade chrysene in petroleum-contaminated soil. The study was conducted by mixing 20:80 (% wt) of contaminated soil with water. The consortium of Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas putida 10%(v/v) and 15%(v/v) bacteria with ratios; 2:3; 1:1; 3:2 is inserted into the slurry bioreactor. Biodegradation process is run with agitation of 100 rpm and temperature 26<sup>o</sup>C – 30<sup>o</sup>C and in aeration. Identification of chrysene using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GCMS) and bacterial populations with haemycitometer. The initial concentration of chrysene is 24.48 ng/μL. After 49 days remediation period for a 10% (v/v) reduced chrysene bacteria consortium and bacterial populations were 8.68 ng/μL; 7.56 ng/μL; and 8.07 ng/μL; with biodegradation rate is 67.01%; 69.10%; And 64.54%. As for the 15% (v/v) bacteria consortium with the same ratio, chrysene was degraded to 2.60 ng/μL; 1.57 ng/μL; and 2.02 ng/μL and the measured chrysene biodegradation rate was 89.39%; 93.58%; And 91.73%. These findings suggest that the percentage of low crude oil is degraded because of the increasing concentration of crude oil.

Keywords

biodegradation; Chrysene; Bacillus cereus; Pseudomonas putida; slurry bioreactor

Full Text:

PDF

References

Alexander, M. 1999. Biodegradation and Bioremediation, 2nd ed. Academic Press. San Diego

Caldini, G., Cenci, G., Manenti, R., Morozzi, G. 1995. The ability of an environmental isolate of Pseudomonas uorescens to utilize chrysene and other four-ring polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology. 44: 225–229.

Cerniglia, C.E. 1992. Degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Biodegradation. 3: 351–368.

Das K., Mukherjee A. K. 2007. Crude petroleum-oil biodegradation efficiency of Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from petroleum oil contaminated soil from North-East India. Bioresource Technology. 98: 1339-1345.

Ghazali F.M, Abdul R.N.Z, Salleh A.B, Basri M. 2004. Biodegradation of hydrocarbons in soil by microbial consortium. International Biodetermination Biodegradation. 54: 61–67.

Hadibarata, T., Tachibana, S., Itoh, K. 2009. Biodegradation of chrysene, an aromatic hydrocarbon by Polyporus sp. S133 in liquid medium. Journal of Hazardous Materials. 164: 911–917.

Harvey, R.G. 1991. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Chemistry & Carcinogenicity. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge.

Hidayat A, Tachibana S, 2015. Simple Screening for Potential Chrysene Degrading Fungi. The 3rd International Conference on Biological Science 2013. 2: 364–370.

Kanaly R A, Harayama S, 2000. Biodegradation of High-Molecular Weight Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Bacteria. Journal of Bacteriology. 182(8): 2059–2067

KEPMEN Lingkungan Hidup, Nomor: 128 tahun 2003. Tata Cara Dan Persyaratn Teknis Pengolahan Limbah Minyak Bumi DanTanah Terkontaminasi Oleh Minyak Bumi Secara Biologis.

Leahy, J.G., Colwell, R.R. 1990. Microbial Degradation of Hydrocarbons in the Environment. Microbiological Reviews. 54(3): 305 – 315.

Liu, Y., Zhu, L., Shen, X. 2001. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor and outdoor air of Hangzhou, China. Environmental Science and Technology. 35: 840–844.

Nugroho, A. 2006. Bioremediasi Hidrokarbon Minyak Bumi. Graha Ilmu Universtitas Trisakti. Indonesia.

Patel, N, Ali, A. 2014. Chrysene: a carcinogen and its microbial degradation. Journal of Innovative Biology. 1(3): 155–162.

Prak D.J.L, Pritchard P.H. 2002. Solubilization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixtures in micellar nonionic surfactant solutions. Water Research. 36: 3463–3472.

Prakash A, Bishit S, Singh J, Toetia P, Kela R, Kumar V, 2014. Biodegradation potential of petroleum hydrocarbons by bacteria and mixed bacterial consortium isolated from contaminated sites. Turkish Journal of Engineering and Environmental Science. 38: 41 – 50.

Ramsay, M.A., Swannell, R.P.J., Shipton, W.A., Duke, N.C, Hill, R.T. 2002. Effect of bioremediation community in oiledmangrove sediments. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 20(7–12): 413–419.

Robles-González, I.V., Fabio, F, Héctor, M., Poggi-Varaldo, H.M. 2008. A Review on Slurry Bioreactor for Bioremediation of Soils and Sediments. Journal Microbial Cell. 7(5):1-16.

Smith, J.R., Nakles, D.V., Sherman, D.F., Neuhauser, E.F., Loehr, R.C. 1989. Environmental fate mechanisms influencing biological degradation of coal-tar derived polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons in soil systems. The Third International Conference on New Frontiers for Hazardous Waste Management. 397–405. US EPA. Washington DC.

Tam, N.F.Y., Guo, C.L., Yau, W.Y., Wong, Y.S. 2002. Preliminary study on biodegradation of phenanthrene by bacteria isolated from mangrove sediments in Hong Kong. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 45: 316–324

Wilson, S.C., Jones, K.C. 1993. Bioremediation of soils contaminated with polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs): A Review. Environmental Pollution. 88: 229–249.

Yamada, M., Takada, H., Toyoda, K., Yoshida, A., Shibata, A., Nomura, H., Wada, M., Nishimura, M., Okamoto, K., Ohwada, K. 2003. Study on the fate of petroleum-derived polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the effect of chemical dispersant using an enclosed ecosystem, mesocosm. Marine Pollution Bulletin. 47: 105–113.

Zhuang W.Q, Tay J.H, Maszenan A.M, Tay S.T.L, 2002. Bacillus naphthovorovans sp. Nov. from oil contaminated tropical marine sediments and its role in naphthalene biodegradation. Applied. Microbiology Biotechnology. 58: 547 – 553.

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.