PEMBUATAN FILM PLASTIK BIODEGRADABLE DARI LIMBAH BIJI DURIAN (Durio zibethinus Murr.)

Abstract

Pembuatan film plastik biodegradable dilakukan melalui proses pencampuran menggunakan pelarut aquades dengan komposisi 10 g tepung biji durian, 50 mL larutan kitosan 2% , dan gliserol 25% dari berat pati.Variasi suhu pencampuran yaitu 70^oC, 80^oC, dan 90^oC. Film plastik biodegradable yang dihasilkan dilakukan karakterisasi FTIR, biodegradasi, kuat tarik dan elongasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variasi suhu proses pengadukan mempengaruhi kemampuan kuat tarik dan elongasi. Film plastik biodegradable terbaik dihasilkan pada suhu pengadukan 80^oC dengan nilai kuat tarik sebesar 1187,732 N/m² dan % elongasi sebesar 7,547%. Film plastik biodegradable dari limbah biji durian mampu terdegradasi selama 15 hari, sedangkan variasi suhu proses pengadukan tidak mempengaruhi kemampuan biodegradasi.Gugus fungsi yang terdapat dalam film plastik biodegradable diantaranya C-H, O-H, N-H, C-O, C≡C, C=O, dan C=C. Adanya gugus fungsi amida dan ester dalam analisis FTIR menunjukkan film plastik biodegradable dari limbah biji durian ini dapat terdegradasi dan dapat dikatakan sebagai plastik yang ramah lingkungan.

Kata  kunci: film plastik biodegradable, biji durian, degradasi, kuat tarik, elongasi, dan FTIR.

The manufacture of the biodegradable plastic film was done through the mixing process using  an aquades solvent with 10 g of durian seed flour, 50 mL of 2% chitosan solution, and 25% of glycerol from the weight of starch. The variation of the mixing temperature are 70^oC, 80^oC, and 90^oC. The biodegradable plastic film was characterized by FTIR, its biodegradation, tensile strength, and elongation. The results were showed that the variations of temperature mixing proses affecting the ability of tensile strength and elongation.The best biodegradable plastic film was produced from the mixing process at 80^oC and the value of tensile strength at 1187,732 N/m² and percentation of elongation at 7,547%. The biodegradable plastic from the waste of durian seed was able to relegated up to 15 days, after while the variation of mixing process temperature was not affect to the ability of the biodegradation. The functional groups that is contained in the bidegradable plastic film are including C-H,O-H, N-H, C-O, C=C, C=O, and C=C. The existence of amida and ester functional groups in the FTIR analysis showed that the bidegradable plastic film from this waste of durian seed can be degraded and can be regarded as an environmentally friendly plastic.

Key word : biodegradable plastic film, durian seed, degradation, tensile strength, elongasi, and FTIR.