Comparison of Alum and Poly Aluminium Chloride at Various Doses in Coagulation Process on Color Removal of Palm Oil Mill Effluent
Abstract
The goal of this study was to investigate the effect of the type and dose of coagulants on the color removal of POME through the coagulation process. The coagulants used in this study were alum and poly aluminium chloride (PAC). The dose of coagulants was varied to 2, 4, 6, and 8 g/L. The results of this study showed that the optimum dose for coagulant of alum was 6 g/L and the optimum dose for coagulant of PAC was 8 g/L, in which these doses resulted in color removal efficiencies of 80.65±10.30% and 94.12±1.00%, respectively. The PAC coagulant was more effective than the alum coagulant. The kinetic models used to predict the color removal efficiencies were the first- and second-order kinetic models. Based on the kinetic analysis, the MAPE of the first and second-order kinetic models was 9.17-28.28% and 5.48-21.62%, respectively. It means that the second-order kinetic model can predict with higher accuracy than the first-order kinetic model. By the second order kinetic model, the reaction kinetic constant of the coagulation process at alum coagulant of 6/L and PAC coagulant of 0.021 and 0.057 /min, respectively.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Ahmad, A.L., Ismail, S., Bhatia, S. 2005. Optimization of coagulation-flocculation process for palm oil mill effluent using response surface methodology. Environmental Science and Technology. 39: 2828–2834.
Bhatia, S., Othman, Z., Ahmad, A. L. 2007. Coagulation-flocculation process for POME treatment using Moringa oleifera seeds extract: Optimization studies. Chemical Engineering Journal. 133: 205–212.
Chung, C. Y., Selvarajoo, A., Sethu, V., Koyande, A. K., Arputhan, A., Lim, Z. C. 2018. Treatment of palm oil mill effluent (POME) by coagulation flocculation process using peanut–okra and wheat germ–okra. Clean Technology Environmental Policy. 20: 1951–1970.
Damayanti, S. I., Astiti, D. F., Purnomo, C. W., Sarto, S., Budhijanto, W. 2019. Inoculum Selection and Micro-Aeration for Biogas Production in Two-Stage Anaerobic Digestion of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). Jurnal Bahan Alam Terbarukan 8(1): 14–21.
Ernest, E., Onyeka, O., David, N., Blessing, O., 2017. Effects of pH, Dosage, Temperature and Mixing Speed on The Efficiency of Water Melon Seed in Removing the Turbidity and Colour of Atabong River, Awka-Ibom State, Nigeria. International Journal of Advance Engineering. 3: 427-434.
Estévez, J., Bellido-Jiménez, J. A., Liu, X., García-Marín, A. P. 2020. Monthly Precipitation Forecasts Using Wavelet Neural Networks Models in a Semiarid Environment. Water. 12: 1909.
Gabungan Pengusaha Kelapa Sawit Indonesia (GAPKI). 2017. Kebijakan Nasional dalam Industri Sawit Menuju Ekonomi Indonesia pada Urutan 10 Besar Dunia [WWW Document]. URL https://gapki.id/news/2342/kebijakan-nasional-dalam-industri-sawit-menuju-ekonomi-indonesia-pada-urutan-10-besar-dunia (accessed 2.4.22).
Hasanudin, U., Haryanto, A. 2018. Palm Oil Mill Effluent Recycling System For Sustainable Palm Oil Industries. Asian Journal of Environmental Technology. 2(1): 1 - 10.
Huzir, N. M., Aziz, M. M. A., Ismail, S. B., Mahmood, N. A. N., Umor, N. A., Faua’ad Syed Muhammad, S. A. 2019. Optimization of coagulation-flocculation process for the palm oil mill effluent treatment by using rice husk ash. Industrial Crops Production. 139: 111482.
Ismail, S., Idris, I., Ng, Y. T., Ahmad, A. L. 2014. Coagulation of Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) at High Temperature. Journal of Applied Science. 14: 1351–1354.
Azis, M. M., Sudibyo, H., Budhijanto, W. 2018. Modeling Lab-sized Anaerobic Fluidized Bed Reactor (AFBR) for Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) treatment: from Batch to Continuous Reactors. IOP Conference Series Material Science and Engineering. 316: 012072.
Najafpour, G. D., Zinatizadeh, A. A. L., Mohamed, A. R., Hasnain Isa, M., Nasrollahzadeh, H. 2006. High-rate anaerobic digestion of palm oil mill effluent in an upflow anaerobic sludge-fixed film bioreactor. Process Biochemistry. 41: 370–379.
Rakhmania, Kamyab, H., Yuzir, M. A., Riyadi, F. A., Ostadrahimi, A., Khademi, T., Ghfar, A. A., Kirpichnikova, I. 2022. Electrochemical oxidation of palm oil mill effluent using platinum as anode: Optimization using response surface methodology. Environmental Research. 214(3):113993.
Singh, L., Siddiqui, M. F., Ahmad, A., Rahim, M. H. A., Sakinah, M., Wahid, Z. A. 2013. Application of polyethylene glycol immobilized Clostridium sp. LS2 for continuous hydrogen production from palm oil mill effluent in upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor. Biochemical Engineering Journal. 70: 158–165.
Statista. 2021. Production volume of palm oil in Indonesia from 2012 to 2020 [WWW Document]. URL https://www.statista.com/statistics/706786/production-of-palm-oil-in-indonesia/ (accessed 2.4.22).
Tan, J., Ariffin, M., Ramlan, A. A., Rozainee, M. 2006. Chemical precipitation of palm oil mill effluent (POME). Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Natural Resources Engineering & Technology 2006. 24-25th July 2006, Putrajaya, Malaysia. 400-407.
Tetteh, E. K., Rathilal, S. 2019. Application of Organic Coagulants in Water and Wastewater Treatment. Organics Polymer. In A. Sand, & E. Zaki (Eds.). Organic Polymers.
Wang, J., Mahmood, Q., Qiu, J. P., Li, Y. S., Chang, Y. S., Chi, L. N., Li, X. D. 2015. Zero discharge performance of an industrial pilot-scale plant treating palm oil mill effluent. Biomed Research International. 2015: 617861.
Zouboulis, A., Traskas, G., Samaras, P. 2008. Comparison of Efficiency between Poly‐aluminium Chloride and Aluminium Sulphate Coagulants during Full‐scale Experiments in a Drinking Water Treatment Plant. Separation Science and Technology. 43(6): 1507–1519.
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
