TRANSFORMASI PRANATA PATRONASE MASYARAKAT NELAYAN: DARI EKONOMI MORALITAS MENUJU EKONOMI PASAR

Mirajiani -(1), Ekawati S.Wahyuni(2), Arif Satria(3), Saharuddin -(4), Tridoyo Kusumastanto(5),


(1) Jalan Jend. Ahmad Yani, Banten 42434, Indonesia E-mail: [email protected]
(2) Dosen Program Doktor Sosiologi Pedesaan, Institut Pertanian Bogor
(3) Dosen Program Doktor Sosiologi Pedesaan, Institut Pertanian Bogor
(4) Dosen Program Doktor Sosiologi Pedesaan, Institut Pertanian Bogor
(5) Guru Besar Tetap Bidang Ilmu Kebijakan Ekonomi Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Insitut Pertanian Bogor

Abstract

Masyarakat nelayan  mengalami transformasi sosial ekonomi akibat penetrasi pembangunan dan pasar. Transformasi sosial ekonomi yang terjadi membawa perubahan signifikan pranata ekonomi nelayan, karena nelayan harus mengkonstruksikan  pranata ekonomi baru yang dianggap dapat mempertahankan penghidupan nelayan pada kondisi survival dan sesuai dengan perubahan yang terjadi. Penelitian ini mendalami bagaimana  transformasi pranata patronase  yang terjadi dan keterkaitannya dengan keterjaminan ekonomi pada masyarakat nelayan di Pesisir  Ujung Kulon.  Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan tipe penelitian studi kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan masyarakat nelayan di Pesisir Ujung Kulon mengalami transformasi pranata ekonomi dari patronase  berbasis moralitas menjadi berbasis norma ekonomi pasar. Di era ekonomi pasar, patronase  merupakan suatu alternatif pranata ekonomi nelayan yang dibangun  untuk tetap bertahan dengan situasi krisis dan ketidakpastian ekonomi serta mata pencaharian yang bersifat fluktuatif.  Ditinjau  dari keterjaminan ekonomi, pranata patronase moralitas di masa lalu lebih memberikan jaminan  ekonomi nelayan pada situasi krisis daripada pranata patronase berbasis norma ekonomi pasar.  Pada situasi di mana pranata patronase tidak bisa sepenuhnya berfungsi sebagai pranata jaminan ekonomi nelayan,  maka untuk tetap bertahan  pada situasi ekonomi yang kurang terjamin  nelayan mengandalkan relasi ekonomi alternatif yang disediakan pasar  di luar patronase.

 

Fishing communities experiencing socio-economic transformation as a result of development and market penetration. Socio-economic transformation is followed by significant change in economic institutions, as fishermen have to construct a new economic institutions which are supposed to maintain the livelihood in survival conditions and in accordance with the changes. This research was to explore how economic institution transformation happens and its effect on  economic security in coastal fishing communities in Ujung Kulon. The method uses a qualitative approach and the type of research uses a case study research. Results of the research showed coastal fishing communities in Ujung Kulon transformed economic institutions of patronage based morality becomes the norm based market economy. In the era of market economy, patronage remains an alternative economic institutions built to survive the crisis and uncertainty and livelihood fluctuated. The fact is related to economic security, institutional patronage morality in the past to provide security over the fishing economy in crisis situations rather than norm -based patronage institutions of the market economy. In situations where the institution of patronage can not fully function as economic security institutions of fishermen, then to survive on less secure economic situation of fishermen rely on alternative economic relations are provided markets outside patronage

Keywords

Transformation; Fishermen; Patronage; Economic Security

Full Text:

PDF

References

Allison, E.H. 2009. Vulnerability of National Economies to The Impact of Climate Change on Fisheries. Fish and Fisheries Journal Compilation. Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Baran, E. N. Schwartz. 2009. Climate Change and Fisheries; Vulnerability and Adaptation in Cambodia. The Worldfish Center. Penang. Malaysia. www.worldfishcenter.org

Basurto, X. 2013. Cooperative & Non Cooperative Strategies For Small Scale Fisheries, Self Governance in The Globalization Era : Implications For Conservation. Ecology & Society 18(4): 38.

Dharmawan, A.H. 2001. Farm Household Livelihood Strategies and Socio-economic Changes in Rural Indonesia. Wissenschaftsverlag Vauk Kiel KG. Germany

De la T-C., M. Lars, L. 2010. Fishing Institution ; Addressing Regulative, Normative and Cultural Cognitive Elements to Enhance Fisheries Management. Marine Policy. 34 (1): 77-84

Granovetter, M. 2001. The Strength of Weakness. American Journal Sociology. 78: 1360-1380

Khan, Niaz Ahmed. 2001. Social Forestry Versus Social Reality : Patronage & Community Based Forestry in Bangladesh. International Institute for Environment and Development.

Lenggono, PS. 2011. Ponggawa dan Patronase Pertambakan di Delta Mahakam: Teori Pembentukan Ekonomi Lokal. Disertasi SPD-IPB

Lyon, Stephen M. 2002. Power and Patronage in Pakistan. University of Kent. Canterbury

Popkin, Samuel L. 1986. Petani Rasional. Lembaga Penerbit Yayasan Padamu Negeri. Jakarta

Scott, James C. 1972. The Erosion of Patron Cleint Bonds and Social Change in Rural Southeast Asia. Journal Asian Studies. 32 (1)

Scott, James C. 1989. Moral Ekonomi Petani. LP3ES. Jakarta

Satria, Arif. 2009. Pesisir dan Laut untuk Rakyat. IPB Press. Bogor

Verelst, Bram. 2013. Managing inequality : The Political Ecology of A Small-Scale Fishery. Journal of Political Ecology. 20: 14-36

Weber, Max. 1958. The Protestan Ethic and The Spirit Capitalism, translated by Talcott Parson. Charles Scribners. New York

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.