Unlocking Mysteries: What Do Symbols Reveal About Manggarai Birth Rituals?

Erna Mena Niman(1), Hieronimus Canggung Darong(2),


(1) Universitas Katolik Indonesia Santu Paulus
(2) Universitas Katolik Indonesia Santu Paulus

Abstract

This qualitative study explores the deep meanings associated with symbols found in the birth ceremony of the Manggarai culture. The study used participant observation and interviews with traditional leaders as its main data gathering techniques, with a qualitative design based in symbolic interactionism. Using semiotics and pragmatics theory in conjunction with the data analysis spiral technique, the analysis offers a thorough examination of the meanings of the symbols used in the ceremony in question. The findings highlighted the functions of symbols in the birth rite and the profound social and religious significance they have. As such, the meanings of the symbols serve to communicate religious views and form social relationships. Additionally, the findings shows gender characteristics in these symbolic activities, emphasizing gender-specific roles or representations throughout the birth rite. The results provide insightful information on the cultural diversity and symbolic relationships appear in Manggarai birth customs.

Keywords

interaction, meaning, and symbol

Full Text:

PDF

References

Antoni, N & Fadillah, S. (2021). Ngapak Language as a Discourse of Javanese Socio-Cultural Construct. Komunitas: International Journal of Indonesian Society and Culture, 14(1), pp 77-88, doi 10.15294/komunitas.v14i1.30915

Aruda, G. M. & Krutkowski, S. (2017) ‘Arctic governance, indigenous knowledge, science and technology in times of climate change Self - realization, recognition, representativeness’, Journal of Enterprising Communities: People and Places in the Global Economy, 4(514–528), p. 2017.

Baker, L. R., Tanimola, A. A. and Olubode, O. (2017) ‘Complexities of Local Cultural Protection in Conservation: The Case of an Endangered African Primate and Forest Groves Protected by Social Taboos’, Cambridge University Press, 52(2), pp. 262–270. doi: 10.1017/S0030605317001223.

Bauto, L. M. (2013) ‘Socio-Cultural Values as Community Local Wisdom Katoba Muna in The Development of Learning Materials’, Historia, 14(2), pp. 195–218.

Borchi, A. (2018) ‘Culture as commons: theoretical challenges and empirical evidence from occupied cultural spaces in Italy’, Cultural Trends. Taylor & Francis, 27(1), pp. 33–45. doi: 10.1080/09548963.2018.1415410.

Briones, R. R. Y. (2016) ‘Textual Analysis through Systemic Functional Linguistics’, Journal of English Language Teaching and Linguistics, 1(2), pp. 109–144. doi: doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.21462/jeltl.v1i2.27 Textual.

Brown, H. D. (2001) Teaching by Principle and Interactive Approach to language pedagogy. New York: Longman Inc.

Byram, M. (1993) Language and Culture: The Need For Integration. In M. Byram (Ed.), Germany, It’s Representation In Textbooks For Teaching German In Great Britain (Pp. 3-16). Frankfurt Am Main: Diesterweg.

Carassa, A. and Colombetti, M. (2015) ‘Interpersonal Communication as Social Action’, Philosophy of the Social Sciences, 45(4–5), pp. 407–423. doi: 10.1177/0048393115580265.

Chennells, R. (2013) ‘Traditional Knowledge and Benefit Sharing after the nagoya protocol: Three Cases From South Africa’, Law, Enviromental and Development Journal, 9(2), pp. 165–183.

Cocks, M., Vetter, S. and Wiersum, K. F. (2017) ‘From universal to local: perspectives on cultural landscape heritage in South Africa’, International Journal of Heritage Studies. Routledge, 24(1), pp. 1–19. doi: 10.1080/13527258.2017.1362573.

Couper, G. and Watkins, A. (2016) ‘Teaching the Sociocultural Norms of an Undergraduate Community of Practice’, Tesol Journal, 7(1), pp. 4–39. doi: 10.1002/tesj.187.

Creswell, J. W. and Poth, C. N. (2018) Qualitative Inquiry & Research Design: Choosing among Five Approaches. 4th ed. Sage Publications, Inc.

Dahlian (2015) ‘LOCAL WISDOM IN BUILT ENVIRONMENT IN GLOBALIZATION ERA’, International Journal of Education and Research, 3(6), pp. 157–166.

Darong, H. C., Jem, Y. H. and Niman, E. M. (2021) ‘Character Building: The Insertion of Local Culture Values in Teaching and Learning’, JHSS (Journal of Humanities and Social Studies), 05(03), pp. 252–260.

Darong, H. C. and Menggo, S. (2021) ‘Repositioning Culture in Teaching Target Language: Local Culture or Target Language?’, Premise : Journal of English Education and Applied Linguistics, 10(2), pp. 250–266.

Darong, H. C., Niman, E. M. and Jem, Y. H. (2022) ‘Face Threatening Act and Gender Bias in Manggarain Marriage Proposal, Indonesia’, Interdisciplinary Journal of Sociality Studies Face, 2(January-December), pp. 51–62. doi: 10.38140/ijss-2022.vol2.05.

Dongxiang, L. (2018) ‘A Study of Relationship between Symbols and Cultures from the Perspective of Linguistics’, in 2nd International Conference on Education Science and Economic Management (ICESEM 2018), pp. 811–813.

Döring, M. and Nerlich, B. (2022) ‘Framing the 2020 Coronavirus Pandemic Metaphors , Images and Symbols Framing the 2020 Coronavirus Pandemic: Metaphors, Images and’, Metaphor and Symbol. Psychology Press, 37(2), pp. 71–75. doi: 10.1080/10926488.2021.2004378.

Duranti, A. (1997) Linguistic Anthropology. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Eggins, S. (1994) An Introduction to Systemic Functional Linguistics. London: Pinter.

Eriksen, T. H. (2007) ‘Complexity in Social and Cultural Integration : Some Analytical dimensions’, Ethnic and Racial Studies, 30(6), pp. 1055–1069. doi: 10.1080/01419870701599481.

Farmer, T. et al. (2006) ‘Developing and Implementing a Triangulation Protocol for Qualitative Health Research’, Qualitative Health Researc, 16(3), pp. 377–394. doi: 10.1177/1049732305285708.

Farquhar, J., Michels, N. and Robson, J. (2020) ‘Triangulation in iIndustrial Qualitative Case Study Research: Widening the Scope. Industrial Marketing Management’, Industrial Marketing Management, 87, pp. 160–170. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2020.02.001.

Fraenkel, J. R. and Wallen, N. E. (2012) How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education 8th Edition. Boston: McGraw-Hill Higher Education.

Gibbs, R. W. (2020) ‘My Great Life with “ Metaphor and Symbol ”’, Metaphor and Symbol. Psychology Press, 35(1), p. 1. doi: 10.1080/10926488.2020.1712779.

Green, G. M. (1989) ‘Pragmatics and Natural Language Understanding.’, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publisher Hillsdale, New Jersey Hove London.

Grice, H. P. (1975) Logic and Conversation. n. In: Pet.

Halliday, M. A. . (1985) Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Edward Arnold.

Hasan, R. (2014) ‘Towards a Paradigmatic Description of Context: Systems, Metafunctions, and Semantics’, Functional Lingusitics, 1(9), pp. 1–54. doi: http://www.functionallinguistics.com/content/.

Hashash, M., Abouchedid, K. and Abourjeily, S. (2018) ‘Student – teacher Interaction in Public Schools in Lebanon : A Symbolic Interactionist Perspective in Grade 6 Classes’, Sage Open, (April-June), pp. 1–24. doi: 10.1177/2158244018783039.

Hendro, E. P. (2020) ‘Simbol: Arti, Fungsi, dan Implikasi Metodologisnya’, Endogami: Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Antropologi, 3(2), pp. 158–165.

Krippendorff, K. (2004) ‘Reliability in Content Analysis : Some Common Misconceptions and Recommendations’, Human Communication Research, 30(3), pp. 411–433. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2958.2004.tb00738.x.

Levinson, Stephen, C. (1983) Pragmatics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Lon, Y. S. and Widyawati, F. (2018) ‘Bride-Wealth : Is There Respect for Women in Manggarai, Eastern Indonesia?’, Humaniora, 30(October), pp. 271–278. doi: doi.org/10.22146/jh.v30i3.29216.

Lon, Y. S. and Widyawati, F. (2021) ‘Customary Law fefore Religion and State Laws Regarding Marriage In Manggarai , Eastern Indonesia’, JURNAL CITA HUKUM (Indonesian Law Journal), 9(1), pp. 93–110. doi: 10.15408/jch.v9i1.16510.

Loza, Y. (2022) ‘Women’s Bodies and Lives as Symbols of Patriarchal Codes: Honor killings’, Social Science Information, pp. 1–19. doi: 10.1177/05390184221129227.

Menggo, S., Ndiung, S. and Pandor, P. (2021) ‘Semiotic Construction in Promoting Intercultural Communication: A Tiba Meka Rite of Manggarai, Indonesia’, Cultura. International Journal of Philosophy of Culture and Axiolog, 18(2), pp. 187–210.

Mey, J. L. (1993) ‘Pragmatics: An Introduction. Blackwell Oxford & Cambridge USA’, p. 221.

Miska, C., Szőcs, I. and Schiffinger, M. (2017) ‘Culture’s Effects on Corporate Sustainability Practices : A Multi-domain and Multi-level view’, Journal of World Business, 53(2), pp. 263–279. doi: 10.1016/j.jwb.2017.12.001.

Mungmachon, R. (2012) ‘Knowledge and Local Wisdom: Community Treasure’, International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2(13), pp. 174–181.

Niman, E. M. (2022) ‘Symbolic Interaction of The Indigenous Communities of Manggarai , Indonesia ( Study of Penti Cultural Local Wisdom in The Context of Environmental Conservation )’, Gelar: Jurnal Seni Budaya, 20(2), pp. 144–154. doi: 10.33153/glr.v20i2.4276.

Nowell, L. S. et al. (2017) ‘Thematic Analysis :Striving to Meet the Trustworthiness Criteria’, nternational Journal of Qualitative Method, 16(1), pp. 1–13. doi: 10.1177/1609406917733847.

Okonski, L. (2021) ‘Scientists , Poets and Iconic Realities : A Cognitive Theory of Aesthetics Aesthetics’, Metaphor and Symbol. Psychology Press, 36(3), pp. 141–145. doi: 10.1080/10926488.2021.1899751.

Paper, C. and Sopa, M. (2018) ‘Local Wisdom in the Cultural Symbol of Indonesian Traditional House’, in AICLL: The 1st Annual International Conference on Language and Literature Volume. KnE Social Sciences, pp. 524–531. doi: 10.18502/kss.v3i4.1962.

Pesurnay, A. J. (2018) ‘Local Wisdom in a New Paradigm: Applying System Theory to the Study of Local Culture in Indonesia’, IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 175, pp. 1–8. doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/175/1/012037.

R.E., S. (1995) The art of case study research. SAGE Publications, Inc.

Richards, H. et al. (2013) ‘Foreign Language Teachers ’ Language Proficiency and Their Language Teaching Practice’, The Language Learning Journal, 41(2), pp. 231–246. doi: 10.1080/09571736.2012.707676.

Saharudin (2019) ‘The Symbols and Myths of Rice in Sasak’S Culture: A Portrait ff Hybrid Islam in Lombok’, Al-Jāmi‘ah: Journal of Islamic Studies, 57(2), pp. 425–458. doi: 10.14421/ajis.2019.572.425-458.

Setiawan, K. E. P., Wahyuningsih and Kasimbara, D. . (2021) ‘Makna Simbol-Simbol dalam Kumpulan Puisi “Mata Air Di Karang Rindu” Karya Tjahjono Widarmanto’, Tabasa: Jurnal Bahasa Sastra Indonesia dan Pengajaran, 2(2).

Setyono, B. and Widodo, H. P. (2019) ‘The representation of Multicultural Values in the Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture- Endorsed EFL Textbook: A Critical Discourse Analysis’, Intercultural Education. Routledge, 30(4), pp. 383–397. doi: 10.1080/14675986.2019.1548102.

Sugirin et al. (2011) ‘A Study on Cultural Integration in the English Textbooks for Junior High Schools’, Litera, 10(2), pp. 235–246.

Suswandari (2017) ‘Incorporating Beliefs, Values and Local Wisdom of Betawi Culture in a Character-Based Education through a Design-Based Research’, European Journal of Contemporary Education, 6(3), pp. 574–585. doi: 10.13187/ejced.2017.3.574.

Tahir, M. D., Hunaeni, H. and Poetra, S. T. (2020) ‘Learning Local Wisdom through the Symbols of Ma ’ nene ’ Rituals in North Toraja: A Semiotic Perspective’, The journal of Ultimate Research and Trends in Education, 2(3), pp. 108–120. Available at: https://journal.unilak.ac.id/index.php/UTAMAX.

Tanui, J. G. and Chepkuto, P. K. (2015) ‘Community Involement and Perceptions on Local Use and Utilization Practices for Sustaiable Forest Management in the Nandi Hills Forests, Kenya’, J. Educ: Pract, 6, pp. 194–201.

Thondlana.G, Vedeld.P, A. and S., S. (2012) ‘Natural Resource Us, Income and Dependence among San and Mier Communities Bordering Kgaladi Transfortier Park, Southerm Kalahari, South Africa’, International Journal of Sustainable Development& World Ecology, 19(5), p. 13504509. doi: . http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13504509.2012.708909.

Tin, T. B. (2014) ‘A look into the local pedagogy of an English language classroom in Nepal’, Language Teaching Research, 18(3), pp. 397–417. doi: 10.1177/1362168813510387.

Utami, I. G. A. L. P. and Prestridge, S. (2018) ‘How English Teachers Learn in Indonesia: Tension between Policy-driven and Self-driven Professional development’, Teflin Journal, 29(2), pp. 245–265. doi: https://doi.org/10.15639/teflinjournal.v29i2/245-265.

Vranic, P. et al. (2018) ‘Local Sustainable Development : A knowledge Base for Adaptation Planning’, European Planning Studies, 26(3), pp. 502–525. doi: 10.1080/09654313.2017.1420144.

Wenzel, A. D., Ford, S. and Nechushtai, E. (2019) ‘Report for America, Report about Communities : Local News Capacity and Community Trust’, Journalism Studies. Taylor & Francis, 21(3), pp. 287–305. doi: 10.1080/1461670X.2019.1641428.

Yule, G. (1996) ‘Pragmatics’. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Zhirenov, S. A., Satemirova, D. A. and Ibraeva, A. D. (2016) ‘The Cognitive Content of the World of Symbols in a Language’, International Journal of Environmental & Science Education, 11(9), pp. 2841–2849. doi: 10.12973/ijese.2016.725a.

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.