Implikasi Pola Kerja Telensefalon dan Korteks Cerebral dalam Pendidikan Jasmani

Pinton Setya Mustafa(1),

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15294/miki.v10i2.24901


(1) Universitas Negeri Malang

Abstract

Tujuan dari artikel ini membahas tentang pola kerja telensefalon dan korteks cerebral dan implikasinya dalam pendidikan jasmani. Telensefalon berperan berbagai proses, yaitu: penentuan kecerdasan, penentuan kepribadian, menginterpretasi rangsang berbagai indra. Sedangkan Korteks cerebral berperan sebagai pusat integrasi untuk informasi sensorik dan regio pengambil keputusan bagi berbagai jenis output motorik. Dengan demikian korteks cerebral memiliki sumbang asih pada pembelajaran gerak, khususnya dalam pendidikan jasmani. Selain itu perkembangan korteks cerebral juga dapat dibentuk melalui pembelajaran gerak yang tepat.

The purpose of this article discusses the work patterns of telencephalon andr brain cortex and their implications in physical education. Telencephalon won various processes, namely: intelligence, personality selection, interpreting the various sensory stimuli. While the Cortex acts as an information center for sensory and requests decisions for various types of motor. Thus the brain cortex has a contribution to the learning of motion, specifically in physical education. In addition, the development of the brain cortex can also be built through the learning of appropriate motion.

Keywords

telencephalon, cerebral cortex, physical education

Full Text:

PDF

References

Alexander, K., & Luckman, J. (2001). Australian Teachers Perceptions and Uses of the Sport Education Curriculum Model. European Physical Education Review, 7(3), 243–267. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X010073002

Aziz, Q., Thompson, D. G., Ng, V. W. K., Hamdy, S., Sarkar, S., Brammer, M. J., Bullmore, E. T., Hobson, A., Tracey, I., Gregory, L., Simmons, A., & Williams, S. C. R. (2000). Cortical Processing of Human Somatic and Visceral Sensation. The Journal of Neuroscience, 20(7), 2657–2663. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.20-07-02657.2000

Baharudin, M. (2012). Neuroanatomi dan Aplikasi Kliniks: Diagnosis Topis. UMM Press.

Bergmann, J., Genç, E., Kohler, A., Singer, W., & Pearson, J. (2016). Neural Anatomy of Primary Visual Cortex Limits Visual Working Memory. Cerebral Cortex, 26(1), 43–50. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhu168

Bernal, B., & Ardila, A. (2016). From Hearing Sounds to Recognizing Phonemes: Primary Auditory Cortex is A Truly Perceptual Language Area. AIMS Neuroscience, 3(4), 454–473. https://doi.org/10.3934/Neuroscience.2016.4.454

Borich, M. R., Brodie, S. M., Gray, W. A., Ionta, S., & Boyd, L. A. (2015). Understanding the role of the primary somatosensory cortex: Opportunities for rehabilitation. Neuropsychologia, 79, 246–255. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.07.007

Brandt, T. (2003). Vestibular cortex: its locations, functions, and disorders. In Vertigo (pp. 219–231). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-3801-8_13

Brandt, T., & Dieterich, M. (1999). The Vestibular Cortex: Its Locations, Functions, and Disorders. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 871(1 OTOLITH FUNCT), 293–312. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1999.tb09193.x

BSNP. (2007). Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan. Badan Standar Nasional Pendidikan.

Bucher, C. A. (1983). Foundations of Phisical Education & Sport. The C.V. Mosby Company.

Buck, M. M., Jable, J. T., & Floyd, P. A. (2004). Introduction to Career in Health, Physical Education, and Sport. Thomson Learning.

Campbell, N. A., & Reece, J. B. (2004). Biologi Edisi Kedelapan Jilid 3 (D. T. Wulandari (ed.)). Erlangga.

Canavero, S., & Bonicalzi, V. (2013). Role of primary somatosensory cortex in the coding of pain. Pain, 154(7), 1156–1158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2013.02.032

de Araujo, I. E., & Simon, S. A. (2009). The gustatory cortex and multisensory integration. International Journal of Obesity, 33(S2), S34–S43. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2009.70

Djuwita, I., Riyacumala, V., Mohamad, K., Prasetyaningtijas, W. E., & Nurhidayat. (2012). . . Pertumbuhan dan Sekresi Protein Hasil Kultur Primer Sel-Sel Serebrum Anak Tikus. . Vol 13 (2): . Dari. Jurnal Veteriner, 13(2), 125–135.

Duque-Parra, J. E. (2004). Perspective on the vestibular cortex throughout history. The Anatomical Record, 280B(1), 15–19. https://doi.org/10.1002/ar.b.20031

Eich, P. (2013). CrossFit Kids as a Physical-Education Curriculum: A Pedagogical Perspective. The CrossFit Journal, 1–14.

Fields, H. L. (2012). Pain and the primary somatosensory cortex. Pain, 153(4), 742–743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pain.2012.01.034

Frank, S. M., Sun, L., Forster, L., Tse, P. U., & Greenlee, M. W. (2016). Cross-Modal Attention Effects in the Vestibular Cortex during Attentive Tracking of Moving Objects. The Journal of Neuroscience, 36(50), 12720–12728. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2480-16.2016

Frost, R. B. (1995). Physical Education: Foundations, Practices and Principles. Addison Wesley Publishing Company.

Harris, J., Tomassy, G. S., & Arlotta, P. (2015). Building blocks of the cerebral cortex: from development to the dish. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Developmental Biology, 4(5), 529–544. https://doi.org/10.1002/wdev.192

Harun, H. (2011). Fungsi Organ Tubuh dari Sisi Medis dan Al- Qur’an. Jurnal Inspirasi, 4(14), 1–12.

Haryanto, N. (2010). Ada Apa Dengan Otak Tengah. Gradien Mediatama.

Horner, P. J., & Gage, F. H. (2000). Regenerating the damaged central nervous system. Nature, 407(6807), 963–970. https://doi.org/10.1038/35039559

Huang, N., Short, M., Zhao, J., Wang, H., Lui, H., Korbelik, M., & Zeng, H. (2011). Full range characterization of the Raman spectra of organs in a murine model. Optics Express, 19(23), 22892. https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.19.022892

Husdarta, J. S. (2011). Manajemen Pendidikan Jasmani (Riduan (ed.)). PT. Alfabeta.

Jackson, J. S., Golding, J. P., Chapon, C., Jones, W. A., & Bhakoo, K. K. (2010). Homing of stem cells to sites of inflammatory brain injury after intracerebral and intravenous administration: a longitudinal imaging study. Stem Cell Research & Therapy, 1(2), 17. https://doi.org/10.1186/scrt17

Janeš, I. (2015). Insular Cortex - Review. Gyrus, 3(2), 108–114. https://doi.org/10.17486/gyr.3.1023

Jensen, E. (2011). Pembelajaran Berbasis-Otak (B. Molan (ed.)). Indeks.

Johns, D. P. (2003). Changing the Hong Kong Physical Education Curriculum: A Post-Structural Case Study. Journal of Educational Change, 4(4), 345–368. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JEDU.0000006055.01460.eb

Kaas, J. H. (2013). The evolution of brains from early mammals to humans. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Cognitive Science, 4(1), 33–45. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcs.1206

Kanca, I. N. (2017). Pengembangan Profesionalisme Guru Penjasorkes. Seminar Nasional Profesionalisme Tenaga Profesi PJOK, Pendidikan Olahraga Pascasarjana UM, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-008-9459-4

Kobayashi, M. (2006). Functional Organization of the Human Gustatory Cortex. Journal of Oral Biosciences, 48(4), 244–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1349-0079(06)80007-1

Le Masurier, G., & Corbin, C. B. (2006). Top 10 Reasons for Quality Physical Education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 77(6), 44–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2006.10597894

Lee, A. L., Ogle, W. O., & Sapolsky, R. M. (2002). Stress and depression: possible links to neuron death in the hippocampus. Bipolar Disorders, 4(2), 117–128. https://doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-5618.2002.01144.x

Leisman, G., Moustafa, A., & Shafir, T. (2016). Thinking, Walking, Talking: Integratory Motor and Cognitive Brain Function. Frontiers in Public Health, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2016.00094

Leopold, D. A. (2012). Primary Visual Cortex: Awareness and Blindsight. Annual Review of Neuroscience, 35(1), 91–109. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-neuro-062111-150356

McCrone, J. (2003). Essential Science Menyingkap Kerja Otak (B. Juliandi (ed.)). Erlangga.

Muckli, L., & Petro, L. S. (2017). The Significance of Memory in Sensory Cortex. Trends in Neurosciences, 40(5), 255–256. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2017.03.004

Mustafa, P. S., & Dwiyogo, W. D. (2020). Kurikulum Pendidikan Jasmani, Olahraga, dan Kesehatan di Indonesia Abad 21. Jurnal Riset Teknologi Dan Inovasi Pendidikan (JARTIKA), 3(2), 422–438. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.36765/jartika.v3i2.268

Mustafa, P. S., & Sugiharto. (2020). Keterampilan Motorik pada Pendidikan Jasmani Meningkatkan Pembelajaran Gerak Seumur Hidup. Jurnal Sporta Saintika, 5(2), 199–218. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24036/sporta.v5i2.133

Mustafa, P. S., & Winarno, M. E. (2020). Penerapan Pendekatan Saintifik dalam Aktivitas Belajar Pendidikan Jasmani, Olahraga, dan Kesehatan di SMK Negeri 4 Malang. Jurnal Penjakora, 7(2), 78–92.

Mustafa, P. S., Winarno, M. E., & Supriyadi. (2019). Penilaian Pendidikan Jasmani, Olahraga, dan Kesehatan pada Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri Kota Malang. Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, Dan Pengembangan, 4(10), 1364–1379. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/jptpp.v4i10.12845

Ogawa, H. (1994). Gustatory cortex of primates: anatomy and physiology. Neuroscience Research, 20(1), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-0102(94)90017-5

Osumi-Yamashita, N., Ninomiya, Y., Eto, K., & Doi, H. (1994). The contribution of both forebrain and midbrain crest cells to the mesenchyme in the frontonasal mass of mouse embryos. Developmental Biology, 164(2), 409–419. https://doi.org/10.1006/dbio.1994.1211

Paiman. (2009). Olahraga dan Kebugaran Jasmani (Physical Fitness) pada Anak Usia Dini. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 28(3), 270–281.

Patten, K. E., & Campbell, S. R. (2011). Education Neuroscience. Willy-Blackwell.

Paturusi, A. (2012). Manajemen Pendidikan Jasmani dan Olahraga. Rineka Cipta.

Pearce, E. C. (2011). Anatomi dan Fisiologi untuk Paramedis. PT Gramedia Pustaka Umum.

Pestolesi, R. A., & Baker, C. (1990). Introduction to Physical Education A Contemporary Careers Approach. Scott, Foresman and Company.

Philbeck, J. W., Behrmann, M., Biega, T., & Levy, L. (2006). Asymmetrical perception of body rotation after unilateral injury to human vestibular cortex. Neuropsychologia, 44(10), 1878–1890. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2006.02.004

Prastowo, A. (2016). Implikasi Kinerja Otak Terhadap Pembelajaran Psikomotorik di SD/MI. AL-BIDAYAH: Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Islam, 8(2), 195–212.

Pritchard, T. C., Macaluso, D. A., & Eslinger, P. J. (1999). Taste perception in patients with insular cortex lesions. Behavioral Neuroscience, 113(4), 663–671. https://doi.org/10.1037/0735-7044.113.4.663

Rahman, H. S. (2005). Konsep Dasar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. PGTKI Press.

Riemann, B. L., & Lephart, S. M. (2002). The sensorimotor system, part I: the physiologic basis of functional joint stability. Journal of Athletic Training, 37(1), 71–79.

Rosdiani, D. (2013). Perencanaan Pembelajaran dalam Pendidikan Jasmani dan Kesehatan. Alfabeta.

Satyanegara. (2010). Ilmu Bedah Saraf. PT Gramedia Pustaka Utama.

Sherwood, L. (2012). Fisiologi Manusia: dari Sel ke Sistem. Terjemahan (B. U. Pendit & N. Yesdelita (eds.)). EGC.

Silverthorn, D. U. (2013). Fisiologi Manusia: Sebuah Pendekatan Terintegrasi Edisi 6 (6th ed.). Buku Kedokteran EGC.

Sousa, D. A. (2012). Bagaimana Otak Belajar (S. Mahyuni (ed.)). Indeks.

Stapleton, J. R. (2006). Rapid Taste Responses in the Gustatory Cortex during Licking. Journal of Neuroscience, 26(15), 4126–4138. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0092-06.2006

Starc, G., & Strel, J. (2012). Influence of the Quality Implementation of A Physical Education Curriculum on the Physical Development and Physical Fitness of Children. BMC Public Health, 12(1), 61. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-12-61

Sun, H.-C., Welchman, A. E., Chang, D. H. F., & Di Luca, M. (2016). Look but don’t touch: Visual cues to surface structure drive somatosensory cortex. NeuroImage, 128, 353–361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.12.054

Supèr, H. (2003). Working Memory in the Primary Visual Cortex. Archives of Neurology, 60(6), 809. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.60.6.809

Sutanto, J. (2016). Membangun Kesehatan Melalui Neuro-Education Dalam Gerak, Pikiran, Dan Musik. Kompas Media Nusantara.

Sutherland, M. T. (2006). The Hand and the Ipsilateral Primary Somatosensory Cortex. Journal of Neuroscience, 26(32), 8217–8218. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2698-06.2006

Urs, S. R. (2011). An Academic Approach to Physical Education. International Journal of Health , Physical Education and Computer Science in Sports, 2(2), 95–97.

Waluyo, J. (2016). Penuntun Praktikum Anatomi Fisiologi. Universitas Jember Press.

Wang, M., Li, R., Li, J., Zhang, J., Chen, X., Zeng, S., & Liao, X. (2018). Frequency selectivity of echo responses in the mouse primary auditory cortex. Scientific Reports, 8(1), 49. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-18465-w

Yiu, G., & He, Z. (2006). Glial inhibition of CNS axon regeneration. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 7(8), 617–627. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn1956

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Published by:
Department of Sport Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang
Gd. F1 Lt. 1 FIK-UNNES, Jalan Raya Sekaran Gunungpati Semarang Indonesia 50229, Telp/Fax: (024) 8508007

 

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.