Kemampuan Kognitif Anak Retardasi Mental Berdasarkan Status Gizi

Abstract

Prevalensi disabilitas termasuk retardasi mental di Indonesia meningkat pada tahun 2003 sampai 2012, yaitu 0,69 % menjadi 2,45 % dari total jumlah penduduk di Indonesia. Meningkatnya jumlah kasus ini menyebabkan sumber daya manusia menurun dan kualitas penduduk di Indonesia juga menurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan kognitif anak retardasi mental berdasarkan status gizi di SLB Yakut-C Purwokerto 2016. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif didukung data kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data melalui pengukuran langsung dan wawancara. Hasil: Anak retardasi mental di SLB Yakut-C Purwokerto sebagian besar memiliki status gizi normal, asupan energi dan karbohidrat baik, kemampuan kognitif mampu didik. Tidak ada hubungan antara status gizi, asupan energi dengan kemampuan kognitif anak retardasi mental. Ada hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan karbohidrat dengan kemampuan kognitif anak retardasi mental. Kesimpulan: Kemampuan kognitif anak retardasi mental dengan kategori status gizi kurus, normal, gemuk, dan obesitas berada pada kategori mampu latih yaitu IQ 40-54.

The prevalence of disabilities including mental retardation in Indonesia increased from 2003 to 2012, namely 0.69% to 2.45% of the total population in Indonesia. This leads to increased instances of human resources and the quality of the population decline in Indonesia also declined. This study aims to determine the cognitive abilities of children with mental retardation based on the nutritional status in SLB Yakut-C Purwokerto 2016. This research was supported quantitative qualitative data. Data were collected through direct measurements and interviews. Results: Children with mental retardation in SLB Yakut-C Purwokerto mostly have a normal nutritional status, good energy and carbohydrates intake, cognitive ability capable learners. There was no association between nutritional status, energy intake with cognitive abilities of children with mental retardation. There was a significant correlation between carbohydrate intake with cognitive abilities of children with mental retardation. Conclusion: Cognitive ability mentally retarded children with nutritional status category underweight, normal, obese, and obesity was the category that was capable of practicing (IQ 40-54).