Factors Associated with the Incidence of Uncontrolled Hypertension in Prolanis Patients in Semarang City

Yuni Astuti(1), Mahalul Azam(2), Sri Ratna Rahayu(3),




(1) Universitas Negeri Semarang
(2) Universitas Negeri Semarang
(3) Universitas Negeri Semarang

Abstract

Hypertension is a serious medical condition that can increase the risk of heart failure, chronic kidney disease, brain disease and others. Hypertension is a major risk factor for global death. Uncontrolled hypertension was defined as a measure of systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg based on the mean of three measurements in hypertensive patients and with or without antihypertensive treatment. Chronic disease management (Prolanis) is a proactive and integrated program that involves participants, health facilities, especially health centers and the national health insurance called BPJS which aims to encourage patients with chronic diseases to achieve optimal quality of life. The purpose of this study was to analyze the factors associated with the incidence of uncontrolled hypertension in Prolanis patients in Semarang City. This study used case control method. The research sample consisted of 148 respondents (74 cases and 74 controls) with a purposive sampling technique. The technique of collecting data by interview using a questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using the chi-square  test and logistic regression. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the variables of age (p = 0.003), education (p = 0.032), stress (p = 0.023) and cholesterol levels (p = 0.008) with the incidence of uncontrolled hypertension in Prolanis patients in Semarang City. The most related variable was age (p = 0.028. OR = 3.469). Increasing age related to risk factors for hypertension is supported by the presence of psychological problems such as stress, can be reduced by spiritual activity and the provision of health education about changes in the cardiovascular system and adaptation to lifestyle changes will be able to reduce uncontrolled hypertension factors.

Keywords

Factors Associated, Uncontrolled Hypertension.

Full Text:

PDF

References

Alatab, S., Fakhrzadeh, H., Sharifi, F., Mostashfi, A., Mirarefin, M., Badamchizadeh, Z., & Tagalizadehkhoob, Y. (2014). Impact of hypertension on various markers of subclinical atherosclerosis in early type 2 diabetes. Journal of Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, 13(1), 1–8.

Arshad, A. R., Tipu, H. N. & Paracha, A. I. (2016). The impact of hypertension on lipid parameters in type 2 diabetes, Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association, 66(10), pp. 1262–1266.

Artiyaningrum, B., & Azam, M. (2016). Faktor-Faktor Yang Berhubungan Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi Tidak Terkendali Pada Penderita Yang Melakukan Pemeriksaan Rutin, Public Health Perspective Journal, 1(1), pp. 12–20.

Bansal, S. K.,Saxena, V., Kandpal, S.D., Gray, W.K.,Walker, R.W., & Goel D. (2012). The prevalence of hypertension and hypertension risk factors in a rural Indian community: A prospective door-to-door study. Journal of Cardiovascular Disease Research, 3(2), pp. 117–123.

BPJS. (2014). Panduan praktis Prolanis (Program pengelolaan penyakit kronis). BPJS Kesehatan.

Belachew, A,Tewabe,T., Miskir,Y., Melese, E., Wubet, E., Alemu, S., Teshome, T., Minichel,Y & Tesfa, G. 2018. Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adult patients in Felege-Hiwot Comprehensive Referral Hospitals, northwest, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study. BMC Research Notes. BioMed Central, 11(1), pp. 1–6.

Chang, A. K. and Lee, E. J. (2015). Factors affecting self-care in elderly patients with hypertension in Korea. International Journal of Nursing Practice, 21(5), pp. 584–591.

Dhungana, R. R., Pandey, A.R., Bista, B., Josh,i S.,& Devkota,S. (2016). Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypertension: A Community- Based Cross-Sectional Study in Municipalities of Kathmandu, Nepal. Journal of Hypertension, 2016, pp. 1–10.

Irwan, A. M., Kato,M., Kitaoka, K., Kido,T., Taniguchi,Y., & Shogenji, M. (2016). Self-care practices and health-seeking behavior among older persons in a developing country: Theories-based research. International Journal of Nursing Sciences. Elsevier Ltd, 3(1), pp. 11–23.

Jani, Y., Kamberi, A., Ferati, F., Rexhepi, A., Pocesta, B., Orovcanec, N., Lala, D., Polisi, G., Iseni, M., Mirto, A., & Zeqiri, A. (2014). Influence of dyslipidemia in control of arterial hypertension among type-2 diabetics in the western region of the Republic of Macedonia. American journal of cardiovascular disease, 4(2), pp. 58–69.

Kanungo, S. Mahapatra, T., Bhowmik, K., Saha, J., Mahapatra, S., Pal, D., Roy, R., Bhadra,U.K., & Sarkar, K. (2017). Patterns and predictors of undiagnosed and uncontrolled hypertension: Observations from a poor-resource setting. Journal of Human Hypertension. Nature Publishing Group, 31(1), pp. 56–65.

Khamechian, T., Alizargar, J. & Mazoochi, T. (2013). Prevalence of depression in patients with cancer. Middle East Journal of Scientific Research, 15(9), pp. 1311–1315.

Khotimah, K. (2013). Stres Sebagai Faktor Terjadinya Peningkatan Tekanan Darah Pada Penderita Hipertensi. Jurnal Edu Health, 3(2), p. 245968.

Kishore, J., Gupta, N., Kohli, C., & Kumar,N.. (2016). Prevalence of Hypertension and Determination of Its Risk Factors in Rural Delhi. International Journal of Hypertension, 2016.

Latifah, I. &Maryati, H. (2018). Analisis Pelaksanaan Program Pengelolaan Penyakit Kronis (Prolanis) BPJS Kesehatan Pada Pasien Hipertensi Di Uptd Puskesmas Tegal Gundil Kota Bogor. Hearty, 6(2).

Lee, E. J. & Park, E. (2017). Self-care behavior and related factors in older patients with uncontrolled hypertension. Contemporary Nurse., 53(6), pp. 607–621.

Liu, X. & Byrd, J. B. (2017). Cigarette smoking and subtypes of uncontrolled blood pressure among diagnosed hypertensive patients: Paradoxical associations and implications. American Journal of Hypertension, 30(6), pp. 602–609.

Low, K. J., Pelter, M. A., Deamer, R. L., & Burchette, R. J. (2015). Identification and evaluation of risk factors in patients with continuously uncontrolled hypertension. Journal of Clinical Hypertension, pp. 281–289.

Mahmudah, S. Maryusman, T., Arini, F. A., & Malkan, I. (2017). Hubungan Gaya Hidup Dan Pola Makan Dengan Kejadian Hipertensi Pada Lansia Di Kelurahan Sawangan Baru Kota Depok Tahun 2015. Biomedika, 8(2), pp. 43–51.

Nerenberg, K. A., Zarnke, K. B., Leung, A. A., Dasgupta, K., Butalia, S., McBrien, K., ....& Daskalopoulou, S. S. (2018). Hypertension Canada’s 2018 Guidelines for Diagnosis, Risk Assessment, Prevention, and Treatment of Hypertension in Adults and Children. Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 34(5), pp. 506–525.

Neupane, D., Panthi, B., McLachlan,C.S., Mishra S.R., Khort B.A., & Kallestrup P. (2015). Prevalence of undiagnosed depression among persons with hypertension and associated risk factors: A cross-sectional study in urban Nepal. PLoS ONE, 10(2), pp. 1–11.

Rubio-Guerra, A. F., Lopez L.R., Ayala,G.V., Ramirez, S.H., Serna, D.C., & Nuevo, J.J.L. (2013). Depression increases the risk for uncontrolled hypertension. Experimental and Clinical Cardiology, 18(1), pp. 10–12.

Salman, Y., Sari, M., & Libri, O. (2020). Analysis of Dominant Factors with the Incidence of Hypertension in Elderly in Cempaka Health Center. Jurnal Dunia Gizi, 3(1), pp. 15–22.

Santschi, V., Wuerzner,G., Ciolero, A., Burnand, B., Schaller, P., Cloutier,L., Paradis,G & Burnier, M. (2017). Team-based care for improving hypertension management among outpatients (TBC-HTA): Study protocol for a pragmatic randomized controlled trial. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 17(1), pp. 1–6.

Scanlon, P. H. (2010). ‘Diabetic Retinopathy’, Textbook of Diabetes: Fourth Edition, 5(1), pp. 575–598.

Sihombing, M. (2017). Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Hipertensi pada Penduduk Indonesia yang Menderita Diabetes Melitus (Data Riskesdas 2013). Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan, 45(1), pp. 53–64.

Spruill, T. (2013). Chronic Psychological Stress and Hypertension. Current Hypertension Reports, 12(1), pp. 10–16.

Sudaryanto, S., Rahardjo, S. S. & Indarto, D. (2019). Risk Factors of Hypertension among Women in Sragen, Central Java. Journal of Epidemiology and Public Health, 4(2), pp. 127–137.

Suryanta & Septiana, W. (2016). Gambaran Kadar Kolesterol-LDL (Low Density Lipoprotein) Sebelum dan 48 Jam Sesudah Melakukan Satu Kali Terapi Bekam Basah Pada Penderita Hipertensi Dengan Pola lima titik. Journal Tekno laboratorium, 5(2), p. 69.

World Health Organization. (2016). Global Ncd Target Reduce High Blood Pressure’, Roth, Gregory A. Johnson, Catherine Abajobir, Amanuel Abd-Allah, Foad Abera, Semaw Ferede Abyu, Gebre Ahmed, Muktar Beshir Aksut, Baran Alam, Tahiya Alam, Khurshid Alla, François Alvis-Guzman, Nelson Amrock, Stephen Ansari, Hossein Ärnlöv, Johan Asayesh, 31(4), pp. 190–215.

Yadav, D., Kim, S. J., Kim, J. R., & Cho, K. H. (2019). Correlation among lipid parameters, pulse wave velocity and central blood pressure in young Korean population. Clinical and Experimental Hypertension. 41(1), pp. 20–27.

Yang, Z. Q., Jiang,P., Zheng ,S.B & Xu,B. (2017). Prevalence and control of hypertension among a Community of Elderly Population in Changning District of Shanghai: A cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatrics. 17(1), pp. 1–9.

Yunanto, R. A., Susanto, T., Rasni, H., Susumaningrum, L. A., & Nur, K. R. M. (2019). Prevalence of Hypertension and Related Factors Among Older People in Nursing Home of Jember, East Java, Indonesia. Nurse Line Journal, 4(2), pp. 147–153.

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


View My Stats