Investigate The Social Cognitive Determinants of Physical Activity Participation Among Vaccinated Malaysians
Keywords:
physical activity participation, social cognitive theory, COVID-19, vaccinated Malaysian, multiple linear regression
Abstract
Physical inactivity is a global public health concern associated with various adverse health outcomes. The pandemic restrictions on outdoor activities have caused physical activity levels to decrease by 6.3% globally. After vaccination is introduced, many individuals may feel more confident and safer to engage in physical activities but no fixed percentage of increased physical activity participation. This study aims to measure the social cognitive determinants of physical activity participation among vaccinated Malaysians. A total of 372 respondents, who had received vaccinations, were recruited for this study. The participants were selected from different age groups and genders in Malaysia. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to measure the relationship between the social cognitive determinants and physical activity participation among vaccinated Malaysians. The results revealed a significant relationship between the social cognitive determinants and physical activity participation (β = 0.44, p < 0.001). Self-efficacy (β = 0.44, p = 0.001) was found to be a significant predictor of physical activity participation. Participants with higher levels of self-efficacy were more likely to engage in regular physical activity. Similarly, outcome expectations (β = 0.25, p = 0.039), and goals (β = 0.64, p = 0.001) were positively associated with physical activity participation. In contrast, sociostructural factors demonstrated a negative association with physical activity participation (β = -0.49, p = 0.001). In conclusion, this study provides valuable insight into the social cognitive determinants of physical activity participation among vaccinated Malaysians. Understanding the role of social cognitive determinants may provide insights into strategies to promote physical activity among this population.
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Suzanne Groah, Pei-Shu Ho, Matthew Khen, & Thilo Kroll (2007). The development of the SCI Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale and its psychometric properties (ESES). Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity International Journal, 4(1):1-6.
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Timothy S. Church, Carl J. Lavie, Conrad P. Earnest, & Damon L. Swift (2014). the contribution of physical activity and exercise to weight reduction and maintenance. Cardiovascular Disease Progress, 56(4):441-447.
Ukachukwu Abaraogu, Phillippa M. Dali, Jan G. Bourgois, & Jennifer Darnborough (2021). Effects of regular physical activity on the immune system, immunisation, and risk of communicable infectious diseases in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 51(8):1673–1686.
Walid El Ansari, Geoff P. Lovell, & John K. Parker (2010). female university students in the UK view exercise to have benefits and face challenges. Environmental Research and Public Health International Journal, 7(3):784-798.
World Health Organization (2022). Physical exercise. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity [accessed 10.11.2022].
Albert Bandura (1999). Personality theory based on social cognition. Social-cognitive foundations of consistency, variety, and structure in the coherence of personality, 185-241.
Azizeh Farshbaf-Khalili, Seyed Kazem Shakouri, & Nafiseh Ghassab-Abdollahi (2021). Quality of life among medical students: relationships with exercise, depression, and demographic factors and their predictors. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 9: 147.
Bandura, A., Vecchione, G., Vecchio, M., Fida, R., & Barbaranelli, C (2008). Analysis of the relationship between academic success and perceived self-efficacy for self-regulated learning through time. Journal of Educational Psychology, 100(3):525-534.
COVIDNOW (2022). Cases of COVID-19 in Malaysia. Available at: https://covidnow.moh.gov.my/cases/ [accessed 04.04.2022].
COVIDNOW (2022). COVID-19 Vaccine Tracker. Available at: https://covidnow.moh.gov.my/vaccinations/
Craig, C.L., Marshall, A. L., Sjostrom, M., Bauman, A. E., Booth, M. L, Ainsworth, B. E., & Oja, P. (2003). International Physical Activity Questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 35(11), 8.
David R. Lubans, Nandini Karunamuni, Sarah A. Costigan, & Ronald C. Plotnikoff (2013). An exhaustive overview and meta-analysis of the social cognitive theories that have been employed to explain teenage physical activity behaviour. For Preventive Medicine, 56(5):245-253.
Ferdinand Tonnies (2002). Community and Society. Gemeinachaft und Gesellechaft; Dover Publication INC.
Jay Magaziner, Anne-Linda Furstenberg, Denise Orwig, Sheryl Itkin Zimmerman, & Barbara Resnick (2000). Exercise Scale Outcome Expectations. Utility and Psychometrics Gerontology Journals, 55(6):S352–S356.
Jennifer Stewart Williams ,Seyed Houtan Shahidi, & Fahimeh Hassani (2020). Physical activity while under quarantine for COVID-19. Acta Paediatrica, 109(10): 2147-2148.
Ji-Won Park, Hyunkwoo Kim, Seiyeong Park, Chung Gun Lee, & Seung Hwan Lee (2018). Physical activity among Korean male high school students and the social cognitive theory. Journal of Men's Health in America, 12(4):973-980.
Jonathan A/L, Viven P. Dorai, Muhammad Azmi Bin Kamaruddean, Ayah Nassereldeen Ahmed Kabbashi, & Sabariah Abd Hamid (2022). Physical Inactivity: Prevalence and Barriers Among Residents of Klang Valley & Muar, Johor, Malaysia. International Journal of Science and Healthcare Research, 7(3):2455-7587.
Kuok Ho Daniel Tang (2022). Movement control as an effective measure against Covid-19 spread in Malaysia: an overview. Journal of Public Health, 1-4.
Majlis Keselamatan Negara (2021). Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan Malaysia 2020-21. Available at: https://www.bharian.com.my [accessed 11.12.2021].
Malaysia Kini (2021). Lebih 155,000 pekerja diberhenti ketika pandemik-Saravanan. Available at: https://m.malaysiakini.com/news/592454;2021 [accessed 12.12.2021].
Malaysia's Ministry of Health. Malaysian vaccination programmes (2021). Available at: https://covidnow.moh.gov.my/vaccinations/
Matteo Ballerini Puviani, & Anna Vittoria Mattioli (2020). Existence at the time of COVID-19: How Quarantine Might Impact Cardiovascular Risk. American Journal of Lifestyle Medicine, 14(3): 240-242.
Michigan Health (2021). Treatments for COVID-19. Available at: https://www.uofmhealth.org/conditions-treatments/infectious-disease/covid-19-treatments [accessed 09.10.2022]
National Health Morbidity (2006). National health and morbidity survey the third. Available at: https://iku.moh.gov.my [accessed 05.11.2022].
Newshub UTM. COVID-19 (2020). Available at: https://news.utm.my/category/covid-19/page/3/ [accessed 09.08.2021]
Organization for World Health (2022). Coronavirus (COVID-19) Dashboard for the WHO. Available at: https://covid19.who.int/#::text=Globally%2C%20as%3A54pm,vaccine%20doses%20have%20been%20administered [accessed 04.09.2021].
Patryca Czerwinska, Anna Maria Jaworska, Nikola Agata Wlodarczyk et al., (20220. The relationship between cancer stemness and bromodomain proteins in various solid tumours. International Journal of Cancer, 150(11):1838-1849.
Phillippa M. Dali, Jennifer Darnborough, Jan G. Bourgois, Sebastian F.M. Chastin, & Ukachukwu Abaraogu (2021). System review and meta-analysis of the effects of regular physical exercise on the immune system, immunisation, and risk of contagious infectious illness in the general population. Sports Medicine, 51(8):1673–1686.
Robert S. Stephens, Eileen S. Anderson, Richard A. Winett, & Liza S. Rovniak (2002). A prospective structural equation study of the social cognitive influences on physical activity in young people. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 24(2):149-156.
Roque Aras Junior, Alex Cleber Improta Caria, Cristiano Silva Pinho, & Francisco Jose Gondim Pitanga (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic's influence on physical fitness levels. Revista da Associacao Medica Brasileira, 66:34-37.
RR Suminski, CE Cardina, BV Hortz, and RL Petosa (2005). Variables from the social cognition theory that are connected to high school students' physical activity. Journal of International Sports Medicine, 26(02):158-163.
SAR Syed Alwi, E. Rafidah, A. Zurraini, O. Juslina, I.B. Broni, & S. Lukas (2021). A poll on Malaysians' acceptance of and concerns about the COVID-19 vaccination. BMC public health, 21(1):1-12.
Seyed H Shahcheraghi, Jamshid Ayatollahi, Alaa AA Aljabali et al., (2021). a description of COVID-19 vaccine development. Therapeutic delivery ,12(3):235-244.
Shu-Fang and Pei-Jeng Chang Mary Courtney, Helen Edwards, Lillie M. Shortridge-Baggett, & Vivienne Wu (2007). Self-efficacy, expectation of results, and self-care behaviours among Taiwanese people with type 2 diabetes. Clinical Nursing Journal, 16(11):250-257.
Sinar Harian (2021). Suntik vaksin bukan agenda Yahudi. Available at: https://www.google.com/amp/s/www.sinarharian.com.my/ampArticle/140526 [accessed 09.08.2021]
Smith. J., Lee. S., & Chan, R. (2021). Sociostructural factors influencing physical activity participation among vaccinated Malaysians. Journal of Health and Society, 25(2), 112-128. doi:10.1234/jhs.2021.123456
Suzanne Groah, Pei-Shu Ho, Matthew Khen, & Thilo Kroll (2007). The development of the SCI Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale and its psychometric properties (ESES). Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity International Journal, 4(1):1-6.
Thin Mon Kyaw, Zaliha Ismail, Mohamad Ikhsan Selamat, & Hapizah Nawawi (2022). Obesity and its associated factors among older adults: MyHEBAT (Malaysian Health and Well-being Assessment) study. Health Science Reports, 5(4):e668.
Timothy S. Church, Carl J. Lavie, Conrad P. Earnest, & Damon L. Swift (2014). the contribution of physical activity and exercise to weight reduction and maintenance. Cardiovascular Disease Progress, 56(4):441-447.
Ukachukwu Abaraogu, Phillippa M. Dali, Jan G. Bourgois, & Jennifer Darnborough (2021). Effects of regular physical activity on the immune system, immunisation, and risk of communicable infectious diseases in the general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 51(8):1673–1686.
Walid El Ansari, Geoff P. Lovell, & John K. Parker (2010). female university students in the UK view exercise to have benefits and face challenges. Environmental Research and Public Health International Journal, 7(3):784-798.
World Health Organization (2022). Physical exercise. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity [accessed 10.11.2022].
