Efficient: Indonesian Journal of Development Economics

The Impact of Human Capital and Corruption on ICOR in ASEAN Countries

Andrean Utomo — Tue, 13 Jun 2023 16:19:43 +0700

This study aims to analyze the effect of the Capital-Labor Ratio, Mean Years of Schooling, Corruption Perception Index, FDI to GFCF Ratio, and Trade Openness on the Incremental Capital-Output Ratio (ICOR) as a measure of investment efficiency in 8 ASEAN countries. The results of this study indicate that Capital per Worker, Corruption Perception Index, FDI to GFCF Ratio, and Trade Openness have a significant effect on ICOR in 8 ASEAN Countries. While the Mean Years of Schooling have no significant effect on ICOR in 8 ASEAN Countries. Suggestions in this study to create investment efficiency in 8 ASEAN countries are to maintain and select the growth of Capital per worker by recognizing that increasing investment in the capital-intensive sector is a critical sector with a large spillover effect on the economy, increasing the quantity and quality of education, eradicating corruption, increasing FDI flows by increasing the country's competitiveness through the creation of a conducive business climate and providing various monetary and fiscal incentive, lowering export trade barriers, and attempting to limit and substitute imported consumptive and high-dependence products by developing and producing them domestically.

The Impact of Agricultural Sector on Food Security

Mega Silvia, Prasetyo Ari Bowo — Mon, 19 Jun 2023 19:44:02 +0700

This study aims to determine the effect of workers in agricultural sector, income, access to clean water, and regional spending on food security in East Nusa Tenggara Province. This study uses panel data which is a combination of cross-section data from 22 districts/cities in East Nusa Tenggara Province and time series data from 2018-2021 which is then analyzed using multiple regression. The results show that the best estimation model is the Fixed Effect Model with the Generalized Least Squares (GLS) method. Based on the estimation result, it shows that the adjusted R2 is 0.91461. Assuming ceteris paribus, partially income and access to clean water has a significant positive effect on food security. Meanwhile, workers the agricultural sector has a significant negative effect on food security and local government expenditure has a non-significant positive effect on food security.

The Influence of Monetary Policies on Manufacturing Output

Dini Mellinda Krisnawati — Tue, 20 Jun 2023 17:53:34 +0700

The aim of this study is to examine the effect of monetary policies on manufacturing outputs in Indonesia. This research uses a quantitative method with the Engle-Granger Error Correction Model (E-G ECM) analysis. This study applies monetary policies variables which consist of broad money, foreign exchange reserves, inflation, and Bank Indonesia interest rates on the outputs of the manufacturing sector reflected in the value of the gross domestic product of the manufacturing sector. The data are time-series data from 2010 Q1 to 2021 Q4. The results show that in the short run, inflation significantly influences manufacturing outputs. Meanwhile, broad money, foreign exchange reserves, and interest rates do not affect manufacturing outputs. In the long run, broad money, inflation, and the interest rate of Bank Indonesia significantly influence manufacturing outputs, while the foreign exchange reserve does not significantly affect manufacturing outputs. This study emphasizes the importance of broad money, inflation, and the interest rate to increase manufacturing outputs in Indonesia.

Bureaucratic Reform and Business Services in the Special Region of Yogyakarta

Wed, 21 Jun 2023 01:25:34 +0700

This study aims to identify internal and external factors and formulate a strategy for utilizing the Online Single Submission (OSS) system in business licensing services at the Provincial Government of D.I. Yogyakarta. The method used is library research and SWOT analysis. The results show that internal factors, namely the implementation of the OSS system, can streamline time and costs and make it easier for the public to access more transparent and accountable procedures. Meanwhile, external factors in implementing the OSS system were influenced by good cooperation and coordination between the provincial and city/district governments. The strategy for utilizing the OSS system for business licensing services in DIY is optimizing the use and utilization of the OSS system for licensing services, integrating the licensing service system into the Si Cantik Cloud application, strengthening regulations related to the use of the OSS system, increasing the socialization of licensing services through OSS, allocating human resources. Those competent in digital-based public services improve the ball pick-up system in licensing services and control the verification function on permit applicant data.

Trade Creation and Diversion Effects of AIFTA Implementation

Dendy Rizaldy Rachman, Djoni Hartono — Fri, 30 Jun 2023 11:23:17 +0700

The number of Free Trade Agreements (FTA) based on each region or so called as Regional Trade Agreements (RTA) has been increased rapidly after the World Trade Organization (WTO) continues to increase from year to year. This cause of international trade are becoming autonomous. The Indonesia's participation at the ASEAN-India Free Trade Agreement (AIFTA)greatly affect to the economy due to strategic trade partnership which tied between Indonesia and India. This research has intention to explore more relates to impact of trade creation and trade diversion from the implementation of AIFTA on Indonesia's exports and imports through aggregate and disaggregated data which consisting of 6 commodities. The sample used in this research are consisted of 25 countries during year of 2006-2017. Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood (PPML) were applied as estimation method. With estimation results shows that the implementation of AIFTA has significantly negative affect towards the export trade diversion. This indicates that there is a decline occurs in Indonesia's exports to non-AIFTA member countries. In disaggregated data, net trade creation is found in food-drinks,tobacco and livestock, energy products also raw materials. Furthermore, this net trade diversion were also found in other manufactured goods and machinery and transport equipment.

The Determinant of Financial System Stability in Indonesia

Dewi Hastutik — Fri, 30 Jun 2023 11:33:00 +0700

The stability of the financial system in Indonesia is still quite vulnerable to disturbances (shock) from within and outside the country as indicated by a high ratio of NPLs or bad loans. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of world crude oil prices as an indicator of external shock, exchange rates, inflation, and the BI rate on financial system stability in Indonesia in the short and long term. This study uses regression analysis of time series data from 2002 to 2020, using the ECM (Error Correction Model) method. The results show that in the short term the variables that affect financial system stability are inflation and BI rate variables, as well as world crude oil prices and variables. The exchange rate has no effect on financial system stability, while in the long term the variables that affect financial system stability are world crude oil prices, exchange rates, and the BI rate, while inflation has no effect on financial system stability.

The Effect of HDI, Unemployment, and Investment on GRDP and Poverty

Dewi Rodliyah — Sat, 01 Jul 2023 00:22:52 +0700

Poverty is a major global development problem that must be continuously addressed so that it can be resolved more quickly. The purpose of this study was to find out direct and indirect effects of HDI, unemployment, and investment variables on GRDP and poverty during the 2017-2020 period. This type of research is quantitative descriptive research and the data used are secondary data. This study used a research method, namely panel data in the 2017-2020 period, with the fixed effect model (FEM) technique as the best technique. The interpretation method used a panel data regression analysis tool from the FEM method and path analysis. The result showed that the variables HDI (X₁), Unemployment (X₂) and Investment (X₃) had a significant effect both directly on poverty (Z) and indirectly through GRDP (Y_i) on poverty (Z). Then based on the result of the path analysis, HDI gives the biggest contribution in influencing the poverty level in Central Java Province.

The Identifying Factors Affecting Energy Transition Efforts in Indonesia

Havidz Aldi Setiawan, Dyah Maya Nihayah — Sat, 01 Jul 2023 00:52:57 +0700

Energy transition towards the use of clean energy is a process that has the goal of reducing the consumption of non-renewable energy towards the consumption of renewable energy that is environmentally friendly. Energy transition efforts are carried out for several reasons, including as a form of implementation of international agreements and overcoming the problem of climate change. This study aims to determine the effect of education, per capita income, foreign direct investment (FDI), and population on the consumption of renewable energy in Indonesia. The data for this research was obtained from the World Bank and Our World in Data. The analysis used in this study is by using the Error Correction Model (ECM) method. The results showed that the variables of education and population had a positive effect in the long term. The results show that in the long term an increase in per capita income has a negative impact. This result also explains the positive impact of FDI which proves the occurrence of FDI Hallo Effect in Indonesia.

The Determinants Of Economic Growth In North African Countries

Mohammed Mahmoud Imleesh — Sat, 01 Jul 2023 22:29:05 +0700

Economic growth is one of the most important indicators used in developing and evaluating the economic activity of developing countries, including North African countries, but economic growth faces several major economic challenges such as FDI, unemployment rate, inflation and exchange rate. This study used quantitative research, and data were collected by documentation method with secondary data since 2001-2020, Based on the results of the analysis by panel data regression, it was found that FDI is statistically significant, while it has a positive sign, which indicates that it has a positive impact on economic growth, If FDI increase by1%, economic growth will increase by 0.684%, and there is no impact of inflation and unemployment rate on economic growth, and the exchange rate has a positive and significant impact on economic growth, as each increase leads by 1% in the exchange rate to a increase in economic growth by 0.420%, in future research other variables affecting economic growth, such as the volume of exports, import tariffs, taxes or government regulations.

Exchange Rate and Covid-19 Pandemic: The Empirical Evidence from Indonesia

Slamet Rahayu — Sat, 01 Jul 2023 22:47:57 +0700

This study aims to analyze the influence of various internal and external factors on the movement of the IDR exchange rate. These factors include the Covid-19 pandemic, inflation, interest rates, the money supply and world oil prices. The method used in this study uses Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) analysis using time series data. The results of this study indicate that the Covid-19 pandemic has a positive effect on the IDR/USD exchange rate in the short and long term. Inflation and interest rates have no effect on the IDR/USD exchange rate in the short or long term. The money supply has an effect in the short term in the current period, one previous period (t-1) and three previous periods (t-3). The influence of the money supply is two-way (positive and negative), while in the long term the money supply has no effect on the IDR exchange rate. World oil prices have a positive effect in the short term in the two previous periods (t-2) and the previous four periods (t-4), as well as in the long term.