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Adams, RV, & Blair, E. (2019). Impact of Time Management Behaviors on Undergraduate Engineering Students' Performance. Sage Open, 9(1), 1-11. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018824506
Aeni, N. (2021). The COVID-19 Pandemic: Health, Economic & Social Impacts. Journal of Research and Development: Research, Development and Science and Technology Information Media, 17(1), 17-34.
Akmal, & Elvira, V. (2013). Differences in Academic Procrastination Based on Gender by Controlling Time Management in Students Studying While Working in Yogyakarta. Empathy : Journal of the Faculty of Psychology, 2(1), 1-15.
Alhasani, M., Alkhawaji, A., & Orji, R. (2022). Mental Health and Time Management Behavior among Students During COVID-19 Pandemic: Towards Persuasive Technology Design. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2022, 1-13. doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7376748
American Psychological Association. (2015). Guidelines for Psychological Practice with Transgender and Gender Nonconforming People. American psychologist, 70(9), 832-864. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0039906
American Psychological Association. (2020, Retrieved December 1). Stress in Americaâ„¢ 2020: A National Mental Health Crisis. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/2020/report-october
Ananda, R., Fadhilaturrahmi, F., & Hanafi, I. (2021). The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Thematic Learning in Elementary Schools. Basicedu Journal, 1689-1694.
Andiarna, F., & Kusumawati, E. (2020). Effects of Online Learning on Student Academic Stress. Journal of Psychology, 16(2), 139-149.
Aprilia, AD (2016). The Relationship between Time Management and Work Performance in Students Working in Yogyakarta. Semarang State University. Semarang: Thesis.
Arikunto, S. (2006). Research Procedures A Practical Approach, Revised Edition VI. Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta.
Azwar, S. (2019). Preparation of the Psychological Scale. Yogyakarta: Student Libraries.
Azwar, S. (2019). Reliability and Validity. Yogyakarta: Student Libraries.
Azwar, S. (2020). Psychometric Basics. Yogyakarta: Student Libraries.
Basar, AM (2021). Problems of Distance Learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Edunesia: Educational Scientific Journal, 2(1), 208-218.
Britton, BK, & Tesser, A. (1991). Effects of Time-Management Practices on College Grades. Journal of educational psychology, 83(3), 405-410. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.83.3.405
Chase, J.-AD, Topp, R., Smith, CE, Cohen, MZ, Fahrenwald, N., Zerwic, JJ, . . . Conn, VS (2013). Time Management Strategies for Research Productivity. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 35(2), 155-176. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945912451163
Feist, J., Feist, GJ, & Roberts, T. -A. (2018). Personality Theory 8th Edition. (RH Pertiwi, Trans.) Jakarta: Salemba Humanika.
Hasan. (2021). Challenges of Teachers in Teaching with the Work From Home System during the COVID-19 Pandemic at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Muallimuna: Journal of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, 7(1), 1-14.
Hatmo, SH (2021). The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Effectiveness of Online Distance Learning. Scholaria: Journal of Education and Culture, 11(2), 115-112.
Hoang, TN (2008). The Effects of Grade Level, Gender, and Ethnicity on Attitude and Learning Environment in Mathematics in High School. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 3(1), 47-59. doi:https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/217
Hurlock, EB (2012). Developmental Psychology A Life-Span Approach Fifth Edition. Jakarta: Erlangga Publisher.
Jonas, & Barlett. (2004). Stress Management. New York: Medical Books.
Junaedi, D., & Salistia, F. (2020). Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Capital Market in Indonesia. Journal of Sharia Economics, Finance & Business, 2(2), 109-131.
Kartadinata, I., & Tjundjing, S. (2008). I Love You Tomorrow: Academic Procrastination and Time Management. Anima Indonesian Psychological Journal, 23(2), 109-119.
Lestari, EP, & Yusufi, A. (2021). Academic Stress Levels During the Covid-19 Pandemic Students of Sridadi 04 Public Elementary School, Sirampog District, Brebes Regency. Journal of Tawadhu, 5(2), 128-142.
Macan, TH, Shahani, C., Dipboye, RL, & Phillips, AP (1990). College Students' Time Management: Correlations with Academic Performance and Stress. Journal of educational psychology, 82(4), 760-768. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.82.4.760
Malini, GA, & Fridari, IG (2019). Differences in Student Learning Motivation in terms of Gender and Birth Order at SMAN 1 Tabanan with the Full Day School System. Udayana Journal of Psychology, 145-155.
Mamluah, SK, & Maulidi, A. (2021). Distance Learning (PJJ) during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Elementary Schools. Basicedu Journal, 5(2), 869-877.
Martinez, AJ (2021). Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Academic Time Management and Procrastination Measure. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 39(7), 891-901. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/07342829211034252
Mastura, M., & Santaria, R. (2020). The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Teaching Process for Teachers and Students. Journal of Teacher Studies and Learning, 3(2), 289-295.
Maulinda, D., & Rahayu, MS (2021). The Effect of Mindfulness on Academic Stress in Students of SMAN X Cianjur during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Psychological Research, 1(2), 100-108.
Merdekawati, A., & Kumalasari, JT (2021). The Effectiveness of Distance Learning through Online Media during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Information Systems, Applied, Management, Accounting and Research, 5(4), 1025-1034.
Muflihah, L., & Savira, SI (2021). The Effect of Perceptions of Social Support on Academic Burnout During a Pandemic. Journal of Student Psychology Research, 8(02), 201-211.
Napitupulu, MR (2020). The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Distance Learning Satisfaction. Journal of Educational Technology Innovation, 7(1), 23-33.
Nasrul, DF (2020). Study Time Management in Higher Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic. JIEMAN: Journal of Islamic Educational Management, 2(2), 169-180.
Nasution, DA, Erlina, E., & Muda, I. (2020). Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Indonesian Economy. Benefita Journal, 5(2), 212-224.
Nisa, NK, Mukhlis, H., Wahyudi, DA, & Putri, RH (2019). Time Management with Academic Procrastination in Nursing Students. Journal of Psychological Perspective, 1(1), 29-34.
Nurahaju, R. (2020). An Overview of Student Self-Management during the Covid-19 Pandemic in View of Gender. Treasures of Education, 14(1), 31-43.
Papalia, DE (2008). Human Development (Psychology of Development). Jakarta: Prenada Media Group.
Pertiwi, GA (2020). Effect of Academic Stress and Time Management on Procrastination. Psikoborneo: Scientific Journal of Psychology, 8(4), 738-749.
Purwanto, E. (2016). Quantitative Research Methodology. Yogyakarta: Student Libraries.
Putra, IG, Saputra, IM, & Wardana, KA (2021). Paradigm of 21st Century Education during the Covid-19 Pandemic (Challenges and Solutions). PINTU: Journal of Quality Assurance, 2(2).
Radhitya, TV, Nurwati, N., & Irfan, M. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Domestic Violence. Journal of Collaborative Conflict Resolution, 2(2), 111-119.
Rahayu, D., & Adriansyah, MA (2014). The Relationship between Independence and Learning Styles with Problem Solving Strategies in Students Viewed from Gender. Psychostudy: Journal of Psychology, 3(1), 1-11.
Ridolf. (2020). Challenges of Teaching During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Phronesis: Journal of Theology and Mission, 3(2), 170-183.
Rofiah, S. (2021). The Effect of Online Learning on Student Academic Stress at SMA Negeri 1 Kepanjen. Journal of Consulenza: Journal of Counseling and Psychology Guidance, 4(1), 41-47.
Rusdi, R. (2015). Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Time Management on Student Stress. Psikoborneo: Scientific Journal of Psychology, 3(2), 148-159.
Sa'diyah, R. (2017). The Importance of Training Children's Independence. Coordinates: Journal of Islamic Inter-Higher Education Communication, 16(1), 31-46.
Safuni, N., Hidayati, H., & Fitriani, N. (2020). Time Management During the COVID 19 Pandemic for Nursing Students in the Municipality of Banda Aceh. Idea Nursing Journal, 11(1), 6-11.
Sandra, KI, & Djalali, MA (2013). Time Management, Self-Efficacy And Procrastination. Persona: Indonesian Journal of Psychology, 2(3), 217-222.
Santrock, JW (2012). Lifetime Development Volume 1 Thirteenth Edition. Jakarta: Erlangga Publisher.
Sari, NP, & Makaria, EC (2022). Teacher Challenges During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Basicedu Journal, 6(2), 2962-2969.
Sofyananjani, B., Setyawan, C., Aqomaddina, F., Monika, & Ruhaena, L. (2021). Management of Children's Learning Time During Distance Learning During a Pandemic. Servant of Psychonomy, 2(2), 73-77.
Syahputri, VN, Rahma, EA, Setiyana, R., Diana, S., & Parlindungan, F. (2020). Online Learning Drawbacks During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A psychological perspective. EnJourMe (English Journal of Merdeka): Culture, Language, and Teaching of English, 5(2), 108-119.
Syartissaputri, NP, Setiyowati, E., & Siwabessy, L. (2014). The Relationship between Time Management and Student Learning Independence in Class X SMA Negeri 56 Jakarta. Insight: Journal of Counseling Guidance, 3(1), 88-94.
Taufik, T., & Ayuningtyas, EA (2020). The Impact of the Covid 19 Pandemic on Business and the Existence of Online Platforms. Journal of Entrepreneurial Development, 22(01), 21-32.
Valovirta, E., & Mannevuo, M. (2022). Affective academic time management in the neoliberal university: From timeliness to timelessness. European Journal of Cultural Studies. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/13675494221078877
Vinahapsari, CA, & Rosita. (2020). Time Management Training On Full Time Employee Academic Stress. Darmajaya Business Journal, 6(1), 20-28.
Wang, WC (2019). Exploring the Relationship Among Free-Time Management, Leisure Boredom, and Internet Addiction in Undergraduates in Taiwan. Psychological Reports, 1651-1665.
Wang, WC, Wu, CY, Wu, CC, & Huan, TC (2012). Exploring the Relationships between Free-Time Management and Boredom in Leisure. Psychological Reports, 110(2), 416-426. doi:https://doi.org/10.2466/13.17.PR0.110.2.416-426
Yasar, H., & Sagsan, M. (2020). The Mediating Effect of Organizational Stress on Organizational Culture and Time Management: A Comparative Study With Two Universities. SAGE Open, 10(2), 1-11. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020919507
Adams, RV, & Blair, E. (2019). Impact of Time Management Behaviors on Undergraduate Engineering Students' Performance. Sage Open, 9(1), 1-11. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244018824506
Aeni, N. (2021). The COVID-19 Pandemic: Health, Economic & Social Impacts. Journal of Research and Development: Research, Development and Science and Technology Information Media, 17(1), 17-34.
Akmal, & Elvira, V. (2013). Differences in Academic Procrastination Based on Gender by Controlling Time Management in Students Studying While Working in Yogyakarta. Empathy : Journal of the Faculty of Psychology, 2(1), 1-15.
Alhasani, M., Alkhawaji, A., & Orji, R. (2022). Mental Health and Time Management Behavior among Students During COVID-19 Pandemic: Towards Persuasive Technology Design. Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies, 2022, 1-13. doi:https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/7376748
American Psychological Association. (2015). Guidelines for Psychological Practice with Transgender and Gender Nonconforming People. American psychologist, 70(9), 832-864. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0039906
American Psychological Association. (2020, Retrieved December 1). Stress in Americaâ„¢ 2020: A National Mental Health Crisis. Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/2020/report-october
Ananda, R., Fadhilaturrahmi, F., & Hanafi, I. (2021). The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Thematic Learning in Elementary Schools. Basicedu Journal, 1689-1694.
Andiarna, F., & Kusumawati, E. (2020). Effects of Online Learning on Student Academic Stress. Journal of Psychology, 16(2), 139-149.
Aprilia, AD (2016). The Relationship between Time Management and Work Performance in Students Working in Yogyakarta. Semarang State University. Semarang: Thesis.
Arikunto, S. (2006). Research Procedures A Practical Approach, Revised Edition VI. Jakarta: PT Rineka Cipta.
Azwar, S. (2019). Preparation of the Psychological Scale. Yogyakarta: Student Libraries.
Azwar, S. (2019). Reliability and Validity. Yogyakarta: Student Libraries.
Azwar, S. (2020). Psychometric Basics. Yogyakarta: Student Libraries.
Basar, AM (2021). Problems of Distance Learning during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Edunesia: Educational Scientific Journal, 2(1), 208-218.
Britton, BK, & Tesser, A. (1991). Effects of Time-Management Practices on College Grades. Journal of educational psychology, 83(3), 405-410. doi:https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.83.3.405
Chase, J.-AD, Topp, R., Smith, CE, Cohen, MZ, Fahrenwald, N., Zerwic, JJ, . . . Conn, VS (2013). Time Management Strategies for Research Productivity. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 35(2), 155-176. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/0193945912451163
Feist, J., Feist, GJ, & Roberts, T. -A. (2018). Personality Theory 8th Edition. (RH Pertiwi, Trans.) Jakarta: Salemba Humanika.
Hasan. (2021). Challenges of Teachers in Teaching with the Work From Home System during the COVID-19 Pandemic at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah. Muallimuna: Journal of Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, 7(1), 1-14.
Hatmo, SH (2021). The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Effectiveness of Online Distance Learning. Scholaria: Journal of Education and Culture, 11(2), 115-112.
Hoang, TN (2008). The Effects of Grade Level, Gender, and Ethnicity on Attitude and Learning Environment in Mathematics in High School. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 3(1), 47-59. doi:https://doi.org/10.29333/iejme/217
Hurlock, EB (2012). Developmental Psychology A Life-Span Approach Fifth Edition. Jakarta: Erlangga Publisher.
Jonas, & Barlett. (2004). Stress Management. New York: Medical Books.
Junaedi, D., & Salistia, F. (2020). Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Capital Market in Indonesia. Journal of Sharia Economics, Finance & Business, 2(2), 109-131.
Kartadinata, I., & Tjundjing, S. (2008). I Love You Tomorrow: Academic Procrastination and Time Management. Anima Indonesian Psychological Journal, 23(2), 109-119.
Lestari, EP, & Yusufi, A. (2021). Academic Stress Levels During the Covid-19 Pandemic Students of Sridadi 04 Public Elementary School, Sirampog District, Brebes Regency. Journal of Tawadhu, 5(2), 128-142.
Macan, TH, Shahani, C., Dipboye, RL, & Phillips, AP (1990). College Students' Time Management: Correlations with Academic Performance and Stress. Journal of educational psychology, 82(4), 760-768. doi: https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0663.82.4.760
Malini, GA, & Fridari, IG (2019). Differences in Student Learning Motivation in terms of Gender and Birth Order at SMAN 1 Tabanan with the Full Day School System. Udayana Journal of Psychology, 145-155.
Mamluah, SK, & Maulidi, A. (2021). Distance Learning (PJJ) during the COVID-19 Pandemic in Elementary Schools. Basicedu Journal, 5(2), 869-877.
Martinez, AJ (2021). Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of the Academic Time Management and Procrastination Measure. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment, 39(7), 891-901. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/07342829211034252
Mastura, M., & Santaria, R. (2020). The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Teaching Process for Teachers and Students. Journal of Teacher Studies and Learning, 3(2), 289-295.
Maulinda, D., & Rahayu, MS (2021). The Effect of Mindfulness on Academic Stress in Students of SMAN X Cianjur during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Psychological Research, 1(2), 100-108.
Merdekawati, A., & Kumalasari, JT (2021). The Effectiveness of Distance Learning through Online Media during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Information Systems, Applied, Management, Accounting and Research, 5(4), 1025-1034.
Muflihah, L., & Savira, SI (2021). The Effect of Perceptions of Social Support on Academic Burnout During a Pandemic. Journal of Student Psychology Research, 8(02), 201-211.
Napitupulu, MR (2020). The Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Distance Learning Satisfaction. Journal of Educational Technology Innovation, 7(1), 23-33.
Nasrul, DF (2020). Study Time Management in Higher Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic. JIEMAN: Journal of Islamic Educational Management, 2(2), 169-180.
Nasution, DA, Erlina, E., & Muda, I. (2020). Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Indonesian Economy. Benefita Journal, 5(2), 212-224.
Nisa, NK, Mukhlis, H., Wahyudi, DA, & Putri, RH (2019). Time Management with Academic Procrastination in Nursing Students. Journal of Psychological Perspective, 1(1), 29-34.
Nurahaju, R. (2020). An Overview of Student Self-Management during the Covid-19 Pandemic in View of Gender. Treasures of Education, 14(1), 31-43.
Papalia, DE (2008). Human Development (Psychology of Development). Jakarta: Prenada Media Group.
Pertiwi, GA (2020). Effect of Academic Stress and Time Management on Procrastination. Psikoborneo: Scientific Journal of Psychology, 8(4), 738-749.
Purwanto, E. (2016). Quantitative Research Methodology. Yogyakarta: Student Libraries.
Putra, IG, Saputra, IM, & Wardana, KA (2021). Paradigm of 21st Century Education during the Covid-19 Pandemic (Challenges and Solutions). PINTU: Journal of Quality Assurance, 2(2).
Radhitya, TV, Nurwati, N., & Irfan, M. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Domestic Violence. Journal of Collaborative Conflict Resolution, 2(2), 111-119.
Rahayu, D., & Adriansyah, MA (2014). The Relationship between Independence and Learning Styles with Problem Solving Strategies in Students Viewed from Gender. Psychostudy: Journal of Psychology, 3(1), 1-11.
Ridolf. (2020). Challenges of Teaching During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Phronesis: Journal of Theology and Mission, 3(2), 170-183.
Rofiah, S. (2021). The Effect of Online Learning on Student Academic Stress at SMA Negeri 1 Kepanjen. Journal of Consulenza: Journal of Counseling and Psychology Guidance, 4(1), 41-47.
Rusdi, R. (2015). Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Time Management on Student Stress. Psikoborneo: Scientific Journal of Psychology, 3(2), 148-159.
Sa'diyah, R. (2017). The Importance of Training Children's Independence. Coordinates: Journal of Islamic Inter-Higher Education Communication, 16(1), 31-46.
Safuni, N., Hidayati, H., & Fitriani, N. (2020). Time Management During the COVID 19 Pandemic for Nursing Students in the Municipality of Banda Aceh. Idea Nursing Journal, 11(1), 6-11.
Sandra, KI, & Djalali, MA (2013). Time Management, Self-Efficacy And Procrastination. Persona: Indonesian Journal of Psychology, 2(3), 217-222.
Santrock, JW (2012). Lifetime Development Volume 1 Thirteenth Edition. Jakarta: Erlangga Publisher.
Sari, NP, & Makaria, EC (2022). Teacher Challenges During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Basicedu Journal, 6(2), 2962-2969.
Sofyananjani, B., Setyawan, C., Aqomaddina, F., Monika, & Ruhaena, L. (2021). Management of Children's Learning Time During Distance Learning During a Pandemic. Servant of Psychonomy, 2(2), 73-77.
Syahputri, VN, Rahma, EA, Setiyana, R., Diana, S., & Parlindungan, F. (2020). Online Learning Drawbacks During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A psychological perspective. EnJourMe (English Journal of Merdeka): Culture, Language, and Teaching of English, 5(2), 108-119.
Syartissaputri, NP, Setiyowati, E., & Siwabessy, L. (2014). The Relationship between Time Management and Student Learning Independence in Class X SMA Negeri 56 Jakarta. Insight: Journal of Counseling Guidance, 3(1), 88-94.
Taufik, T., & Ayuningtyas, EA (2020). The Impact of the Covid 19 Pandemic on Business and the Existence of Online Platforms. Journal of Entrepreneurial Development, 22(01), 21-32.
Valovirta, E., & Mannevuo, M. (2022). Affective academic time management in the neoliberal university: From timeliness to timelessness. European Journal of Cultural Studies. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/13675494221078877
Vinahapsari, CA, & Rosita. (2020). Time Management Training On Full Time Employee Academic Stress. Darmajaya Business Journal, 6(1), 20-28.
Wang, WC (2019). Exploring the Relationship Among Free-Time Management, Leisure Boredom, and Internet Addiction in Undergraduates in Taiwan. Psychological Reports, 1651-1665.
Wang, WC, Wu, CY, Wu, CC, & Huan, TC (2012). Exploring the Relationships between Free-Time Management and Boredom in Leisure. Psychological Reports, 110(2), 416-426. doi:https://doi.org/10.2466/13.17.PR0.110.2.416-426
Yasar, H., & Sagsan, M. (2020). The Mediating Effect of Organizational Stress on Organizational Culture and Time Management: A Comparative Study With Two Universities. SAGE Open, 10(2), 1-11. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244020919507
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Affiliations
Kharisma Juliana Simorangkir
Affiliation not stated
Fatma Kusuma Mahanani
Affiliation not stated
Time Management of High School Students Viewed from Gender in Pandemic
Vol 12 No 1 (2023): July 2023
Submitted: May 24, 2023
Published: May 24, 2023
Abstract
The pandemic period resulted in changes to the learning activity system and required students to be able to adapt to these conditions, one of which was how they managed their time in the midst of their busyness in the scope of education when the pandemic was still ongoing. Men and women have different characteristics that can affect their attitudes and behavior. This study aims to determine whether there are differences in the time management of high school students in terms of gender during the pandemic. The approach used is quantitative with a comparative design to see the differences. The data collection tool uses the TMBS (Time Management Behavior Scale) scale. The population in this study were students of SMA Negeri 3 Semarang with an age range of 15-18 years. The number of samples collected was 163 subjects with stratified random sampling technique. The data analysis method consisted of normality test, homogeneity test, and hypothesis testing with the independent sample T-Test. The results of the analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the time management of high school students in terms of gender. Overall time management of SMA Negeri 3 Semarang students are in the medium category. In the aspect of setting goals and priorities, in general, male students are higher than female students. In the aspect of planning and scheduling mechanisms and the aspect of preference for being organized, in general, female students are higher than male students.