A Facile Study concerning the Legal Issues and Challenges of Herbal Medicine in Nigeria
Main Article Content
Abstract
It is apt to state that there have been an increase and the threat of contagious communicable and non-communicable diseases within most countries and Nigeria in particular. The causes of the outbreak are a result of an unhealthy lifestyle and poor scientific laboratory management. However, in search for finding a cure, has resulted in most people relying on herbal products. In this regard, the increasing demand for the herbal products has resulted in unskilled individuals indulging in the production of herbal products. It is concerning this pharmaceutical abnormality that this study tends to utilize a hybrid method of study in ascertaining the dangers, guidelines, and legal regulations concerning poorly processed and manufactured herbal products. In this regard, the study, therefore, employs the use of a hybrid method of research to ascertain if there is compliance with international ethics and guidelines concerning herbal medicine production. An online questionnaire was sent to 313 respondents residing in Nigeria. The study, therefore, found that most individual indulging in herbal medicine production does not observe the international and national ethical guidelines concerning the manufacturing of herbal medicine. The study therefore concluded and recommended that there is a need for the Nigerian Government to through an effective legal framework and regulatory body address scientific and legal issues as it concerns the whole process involved in the production of herbal products
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
The copyrights of the article in Indonesian J. Int'l Clinical Leg. Educ. is on the Author(s), however, before publishing, it is required to obtain written confirmation from Author(s) in order to ensure the originality (Author Statement of Originality). The statement is to be signed by at least one of the authors who have obtained the assent of the co-author(s) where applicable. This work licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). All writings published in this journal are personal views of the authors and do not represent the views of this journal and the author's affiliated institutions.
References
Abkeller K., (1991), Legal requirements for the use of phytopharmaceutical drugs in the Federal Republic of Germany, Journal of Ethnopharmacol, Vol. 32 (3), 225–229
Abwang D. V. C., (1997), Quality control and good manufacturing practices: Safety and efficacy of commercial herbals, Food Drug Law Journal, (1997), Vol. 52, 341–344; World Health Organisation guidelines on good manufacturing practices (GMP) for herbal medicines. Geneva, 2007
Acalixto J. B., (2000), Efficacy, safety, quality control, marketing and regulatory guidelines for herbal medicines (phytotherapeutic agents), Brazilian Journal of medical & biological Research, Vol. 33(2), 179–189
Admckenzie A., Sokpo E., and Ager A., (2014), Bridging the Policy Implementation Gap in Federal Health Systems: Lessons from the Nigerian Experience, Journal of Public Health in African, Vol. 5(3), 381-397
Aernst E., (1998), Harmless herbs? A review of the recent literature, America Journal of Medicine, Vol. 104, 170–178.
Aidonojie, P.A., & Francis, E.C. (2022). Legal Issues Concerning Food Poisoning in Nigeria: The need for Judicial and Statutory Response. Jurnal Media Hukum, 29(1), 65-78
Aidonojie P. A., Ikubanni O. O. and Okoughae N., (2022), The Prospect, challenges and Legal Issues of Digital Banking in Nigeria, Cogito Multidisciplinary Journal, Vol. 14(3), PP. 186 – 209,
Aidonojie, P. A., Imoisi S. E. and Oaihimire, I. E., (2022), A Facile Study concerning the Prospect and Challenges of Conducting a Hybrid Method of Legal Research in Nigeria, Euromentor Journal, Vol. 13(3), PP. 113-138
Aidonojie P. A, Odojor A. O., and Agbale O. P., (2021), The Legal Impact of Plea Bargain in Settlement of High Profile Financial Criminal Cases in Nigeria, Sriwijaya Law Review, Vol. 5(2), PP. 161-174
Aidonojie P. A., (2022), The Societal and Legal Missing Link in Protecting a Girl Child against abuse before and Amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic in Nigeria” Jurnal Hukum UNISSULA, Vol. 38(1), PP. 61-80
Aidonojie P. A., Anani O. A., Agbale P. O., Olomukoro J. O. and Adetunji C. O., (2020). “Environmental Law in Nigeria: A Review on its Antecedence, Application, Judicial Unfairness and Prospects”, Archive of Science & Technology, Vol. 1(2), 212 – 221
Aidonojie P. A., Anne O. O., and Oladele O. O., (2020), An Empirical Study of the Relevance and Legal Challenges of an E-contract of Agreement in Nigeria” Cogito Multidisciplinary Research Journal, Vol. 12(3), P. 181
Aidonojie P. A., Ikubanni O. O., Okoughae N. and Ayoedeji A. O., (2021), The challenges and relevance of technology in administration of justice and human security in Nigeria: Amidst the Covid-19 pandemic, Cogito Multidisciplinary Journal, Vol. 13(3), PP. 149 – 170
Aidonojie P. A., Majekodunmi, T. A., Ikubanni, O. O. and Ibrahim N., (2022), The causes of the Rising incidence of domestic violence in Nigeria: Proposing Judicial Separation as a Panacea, Jurnal Hukum UNISSULA, Vol. 38(2), PP. 61-80
Aidonojie, P. A. and Odojor, A. O., (2021), Impact and Relevance of Modern Technological Legal Education Facilities amidst the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Law Students of Edo University Iyamho, KIU Journal of Humanities, Vol. 5(4), PP 7-19
Aidonojie, P. A., Nwazi, J. and Ugiomo E., (2022), The Legality, Prospect, and Challenges of adopting Automated Personal Income Tax by States in Nigeria: A Facile Study of Edo State, Cogito Multidisciplinary Journal, Vol. 14(2), PP. 149 – 170
Aidonojie, P. A., Oaihimire, I. E. and Agbale, O. P., (2022), The Legal and Ethical Issues concerning Diagnosing and Treatment of Patients by Pharmacists in Nigeria, Euromentor Journal, Vol. 13(2), PP. 113-138
Aidonojie, P. A., Odojor, A. O., Ikubanni, O. O., Oyebade, A. A., Oyedeji, A. I. and Okuoghae, N., (2022), The Challenges and Impact of Technological Advancement to the Legal Profession in Nigeria given the Covid-19 Pandemic, KIU Journal of Humanities, Vol. 6(4), PP. 5-19
Aidonojie, P. A., Okuoghae N., Agbale, O. P., Idahosa, M. E., (2022), Supervisor and Supervisee Relationship: The Legal and Ethical Issues Concerning Academic Theft in Nigeria Tertiary Institution, Euromentor Journal, Vol. 13(1), PP. 113-138
Angell M., and Kassirer J. P., (1998), Alternative medicine — the risks of untested and irregular remedies, New England Journal of Medicine, Vol. 339(12), 839–841
Jiang W. Y., (2005), Therapeutic wisdom in traditional Chinese medicine: a perspective from modern science, Trends Pharmacol. Science, Vol. 26(11), 558–563.
Mahady G. B., (2001), Global harmonization of herbal health claims, Journal of Nutrition, Vol. 131(3), 1120S–1123S.
Majekodunmi, T. A., Oluwaseun, J. A., Idahosa, M. E., Ikubbanni, O. O. and Aidonojie, P. A., (2022), The causes of the Rising incidence of Terrorism occasioning Deprivation of the Right to Life in Nigeria, KIU Journal of Humanities, Vol. 7(2), PP. 5-19
Majekodunmi, T. A., Oluwaseun, J. A., Aidonojie P. A., Ikubbanni, O. O. and Oyebade A. A., (2022), Legal Issues in Combating the Scourge of Terrorism;Its Impact on International Trade and Investment: Nigeria as a Case Study, KIU Journal of Humanities, Vol. 7(3), PP. 129-139
Okoli RI, Aigbe O, Ohaju-Obodo JO, Mensah JK. Medicinal herbs used for managing some common ailments among Esan people of Edo State, Nigeria. Pak. J. Nutr 2007;6(5):490-496.
Oladele, O. O., Aidonojie, P. A., Uzualu, J. E., Ikubanni, O. O. and Oyedeji, A. I., (2022), An Empirical Study of Criminalizing Minor Infractions of Tax Laws in Nigeria: The Need for Negotiated Punishments, KIU Journal of Humanities, Vol. 7(2), PP. 23-35
Oshikoya KA, Senbanjo IO, Njokanma OF, Soipe A. Use of complementary and alternative medicines for children with chronic health conditions in Lagos, Nigeria. BMC Complement Altern Med 2008;8:66. doi:10.1186/1472- 6882-8-66.
Ukhurebor K. E. and Aidonojie P. A., (2021), The influence of climate change on food innovation technology: review on topical developments and legal framework, Agric & Food Security, Vol. 10(50), 1-11 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-021-00327-4z
Vanherweghem L. J., (1998), Misuse of herbal remedies: the case of an outbreak of terminal renal failure in Belgium (Chinese herbs nephropathy), Journal of Alternative Complement Medicine,Vol. 4(1), 9–13
WHO Guidelines on GMP, 2007; WHO Guidelines on Herbal Product “Technical Report Series, No. 1010”, 2018
WHO Supplementary Guidelines on GMP “Technical Report Series, No. 1010”, 2018; WHO GMPP “Technical Report Series, No. 986”, 2018
WHO Supplementary Guidelines on GMP, “Technical Report Series, No. 937”, 2006; WHO Guidelines on Herbal Product “Technical Report Series, No. 1010”, 2018
World Health Organisation guidelines on good agricultural and collection practices (GACP) for medicinal plants, Geneva; 2003.