Good Environmental Governance Mainstreaming in Preparation for the Implementation of Carbon Trading in Indonesia
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Dec 24, 2022
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Abstract
Climate change is a global problem that is often echoed. Indonesia has an obligation to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 29%-41% in accordance with Indonesia's commitment in the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). The Government's initiative in reducing Indonesia's greenhouse gas emissions was then demonstrated by issuing Presidential Regulation Number 98 of 2021 which regulates the implementation of carbon economic values carried out through mitigation and adaptation efforts. One of the steps mentioned as mitigation and adaptation efforts is carbon trading. Carbon trading is the answer to the conflicting interests of pursuing a reduction in greenhouse gas emission targets as well as increasing economic growth in Indonesia. This is supported by the existence of several factors that make carbon trading a great potential in Indonesia, including economic factors, environmental factors, and legal factors. This research is a normative juridical research and uses non-interactive qualitative research methods. In this study it was found that using the principles of Good Environmental Governance (GEG) can be a solution for the implementation of carbon trading in Indonesia later. That is by using the GEG principles which include participation, accountability, transparency, rule of law, and effectiveness and efficiency. With the implementation of this principle, the Government should immediately prepare itself carefully. Furthermore, the implementation of GEG needs to be supported by strong political will. Thus, carbon trading can be carried out optimally and bring benefits to all Indonesian people
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Faradila, N., & Aqilla, D. S. (2022). Good Environmental Governance Mainstreaming in Preparation for the Implementation of Carbon Trading in Indonesia. The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education, 4(4), 421-454. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijicle.v4i4.63195
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Research Article
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The copyrights of the article in Indonesian J. Int'l Clinical Leg. Educ. is on the Author(s), however, before publishing, it is required to obtain written confirmation from Author(s) in order to ensure the originality (Author Statement of Originality). The statement is to be signed by at least one of the authors who have obtained the assent of the co-author(s) where applicable. This work licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International (CC BY-SA 4.0). All writings published in this journal are personal views of the authors and do not represent the views of this journal and the author's affiliated institutions.
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Peramesti, Ni Putu Depi Yulia. (2017). Penerapan Prinsip-Prinsip Good Environmental Governance dalam Pengelolaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Selatan. Jurnal MP (Manajemen Pemerintahan), 4(1), 1-21.
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Pretince, J. (2018). The Revision of the European Union’s Emissions Trading System Ahead of Fourth Trading Period, 2021-2030. Climate Law, 338- 348.
Purba, Annisa Aprilia. (2020). Urgensi Pengetatan Baku Mutu Udara Ambien Indonesia (Studi Kasus Gugatan Pemulihan Udara DKI Jakarta). Padjajaran Law Review, 8(1), 99-110.
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Putu Sukma Kurniawan. (2020). “Manfaat Perdagangan Karbon bagi Ekonomi dan Lingkungan Indonesia”, https://theconversation.com/manfaat-perdagangan-karbon-bagi- ekonomi-dan-lingkungan-indonesia-144077, accessed on 24 September 2022.
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Shen, W. (2015). Chinese Business at the Dawn of its Domestic Emissions Trading Scheme: Incentives and Barriers to Participation in Carbon Trading. Climate Policy, 15(3), 339-354.
Soekanto, Soerjono dan Sri Mamudji. (2001). Penelitian Hukum Normatif: Suatu Tinjauan Singkat. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.
Sunggono, Bambang. (2007). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo.
Sukadi, Bimo Dwi Nur Romadhon, et. al. (2022). Penerapan Good Environmental Governance pada Praktik Perdagangan Karbon di Proyek Katingan Mentaya. Jurnal Borneo Administrator, 16(3), 361-382.
Sunggono, Bambang. (2010). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Rajagrafindo Pers.
Syaharani dan Muhammad Alfitras Tavares. (2020). Nasib Target Emisi Indonesia: Pelemahan Instrumen Lingkungan Hidup di Era Pemulihan Ekonomi Nasional. Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia, 7(1), 1-27.
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Anggraeni, Dian Yuni. (2015). Pengungkapan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca, Kinerja Lingkungan, dan Nilai Perusahaan. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan Indonesia, 12(2), 188-209.
Bilqis, Amira dan Arie Afriansyah. (2020). Paris Agreement: Respon Terhadap Pendekatan Prinsip Common But Differentiated Responsibilities and Respective Capabilities dalam Kyoto Protocol’. Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure, 20(1), 391-408.
Btari Nadin.(2021). “Apa itu Karbon?”, https://www.icdx.co.id/news-detail/publication/apa-itu-karbon., accessed on 28 September 2022.
Böhm, S., Misoczky, M. C., & Moog, S. (2012). Greening Capitalism? A Marxist Critique of Carbon Markets. Organization Studies, 33(11), 1617–1638.
Cindy Mutia Annur. (2022). “Potensi Ekonomi Karbon Indonesia Capai Rp8.000 Triliun, Ini Rinciannya”, https://databoks.katadata.co.id/datapublish/2022/07/28/potensi-ekonomi- karbon-indonesia-capai-rp8000-triliun-ini-rinciannya, accessed on 2 October 2022
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Global Green Growth Institute. (2015). Mewujudkan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Hijau untuk Indonesia yang Sejahtera Sebuah Peta Jalan untuk Kebijakan, Perencanaan dan Investasi. Jakarta: Sintesis.
Gora Kunjana. (2021). “Ini Tantangan dan Peluang Perdagangan Karbon di Indonesia”, https://investor.id/market-and-corporate/273230/ini-tantangan-dan- peluang-perdagangan-karbon-di-indonesia, accessed on 3 October 2022.
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Hamdi, Asep Saepul. (2014). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif Aplikasi dalam Pendidikan. Yogyakarta: Deepublish.
Hassan, Parvez. (2001). Elements of Good Environmental Governance. Asia Pacific Journal of Environmental Law, 6(1), 1-12.
IESR.or.id. (2021). “Target Penurunan Emisi di Updated NDC Indonesia Tidak Refleksikan Urgensi Hindari Krisis Iklim”, https://iesr.or.id/target- penurunan-emisi-di-updated-ndc-indonesia-tidak-refleksikan-urgensi- hindari-krisis-iklim, accessed on 25 September 2022.
Ikhsan Emerald Alamsyah. (2022). “Untung Rugi Perdagangan Karbon bagi Perusahaan di Indonesia”, https://sindikasi.republika.co.id/berita/rh7dic318/untung-rugi- perdagangan-karbon-bagi-perusahaan-di-indonesia, accessed on 3 October 2022.
Interpol. (2013). Guide to Carbon Trading Crime. Lyon: Interpol.
Irama, Ade Bebi. (2020). Perdagangan Karbon di Indonesia: Kajian Kelembagaan dan Keuangan Negara. INFO ARTHA, 4(1), 83-102.
Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan, Direktorat Jenderal Pengendalian Perubahan Iklim, dan Direktorat Inventarisasi GRK dan MPV. (2021). Laporan Inventarisasi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) dan Monitoring, Pelaporan, Verifikasi (MPV) 2020. Jakarta: KLHK.
Lin, Yu, (2018). Achieving Good Environmental Governance Through Environmental Public Interest Litigation. Romanian Journal of Comparative Law, 2, 359-398.
Lohmann, L. (2008). Carbon Trading, Climate Justice, and the Production of Ignorance: Ten Examples. Development (51), 359-365.
Lusia Arumningtyas dan Indra Nugraha. (2021). “COP26: Organisasi Masyarakat Sipik Khawatir Perdagangan Karbon Hanya Solusi Palsu bagi Iklim”, https://www.mongabay.co.id/2021/11/04/cop26-organisasi-masyarakat-sipil-khawatir-perdagangan-karbon-hanya-solusi-palsu-bagi-iklim/, accessed on 23 September 2022.
Martosoewignjo, Sri Soemantri. (1987). Persepsi terhadap Prosedur dan Sistem Perubahan Konstitusi dalam Batang Tubuh Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. Bandung: Alumni.
Nasution, S.. (1982). Metode Research (Penelitian Ilmiah). Bandung: Jemmars.
News.detik.com. (2009). “Perdagangan Karbon, Menjual Kelestarian Hutan”, https://news.detik.com/kolom/d-1182448/perdagangan-karbon-menjual-kelestarian-hutan, accessed on 3 October 2022.
Nopyandri. (2011). Penerapan Prinsip Good Environmental Governance dalam Perda Kabupaten Sleman Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 31-48.
OJK.go.id. (2022). “Perdagangan Karbon, Instrumen Baru Pembangunan”, https://www.ojk.go.id/keuanganberkelanjutan/id/newsmedia/detailnews/2937/perdagangan-karbon-instrumen-baru-pembangunan, accessed on 3 October 2022.
Parid Ridwanuddin. (2021). “Isu Lingkungan Hidup dan Iklim di WTO: Untungkan Negara Maju, Rugikan Negara Berkembang”, https://igj.or.id/isu-lingkungan-hidup-dan- iklim-di-wto-untungkan-negara-maju-rugikan-negara-berkembang/, accessed on 3 October 2022.
Partnership for Market Readiness Indonesia. (2018). #pasarkarbon: Pengantar Pasar Karbon untuk Perubahan Iklim. Jakarta: PMRI.
Pearse, R. (2014). Carbon Trading for Climate Justice?. Asia Pasific Journal of Environmental Law, 17, 111-130.
Peramesti, Ni Putu Depi Yulia. (2017). Penerapan Prinsip-Prinsip Good Environmental Governance dalam Pengelolaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Kota Administrasi Jakarta Selatan. Jurnal MP (Manajemen Pemerintahan), 4(1), 1-21.
Pramudianto, Andreas. (2016). Dari Kyoto Protocol 1997 Ke Paris Agreement 2015: Dinamika Diplomasi Perubahan Iklim Global dan Asean Menuju 2020’. GLOBAL, 18 (1), 76-94.
Pretince, J. (2018). The Revision of the European Union’s Emissions Trading System Ahead of Fourth Trading Period, 2021-2030. Climate Law, 338- 348.
Purba, Annisa Aprilia. (2020). Urgensi Pengetatan Baku Mutu Udara Ambien Indonesia (Studi Kasus Gugatan Pemulihan Udara DKI Jakarta). Padjajaran Law Review, 8(1), 99-110.
Purniawati, et. al. (2020). Good Environmental Governance in Indonesia (Perspective of Environmental Protection and Management). The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education, 2(1), 43-56.
Putu Sukma Kurniawan. (2020). “Manfaat Perdagangan Karbon bagi Ekonomi dan Lingkungan Indonesia”, https://theconversation.com/manfaat-perdagangan-karbon-bagi- ekonomi-dan-lingkungan-indonesia-144077, accessed on 24 September 2022.
Rajamani, Lavanya dan Jacob Werksman. (2018). The Legal Character And Operational Relevance of The Paris Agreement Temperature Goal. Philosophical Transaction, 5-25.
Rauke Trude, et al. (2015). Mainstreaming Climate Change Adaptation at Local Level. Local Environment, 20(4), 408-423.
Republic of Indonesia. (2009). Law Number 32 of 2009 concerning the Environmental Protection and Management (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2009 Number 140, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5059) [Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup (Lembaran Negara Tahun 2009 Nomor 140, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 5059)].
Republic of Indonesia. (2014). Law Number 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2014 Number 292, Supplement to the State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 5601) [Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 30 Tahun 2014 tentang Administrasi Pemerintahan (Lembaran Negara Tahun 2014 Nomor 292, Tambahan Lembaran Negara Nomor 5601)].
Republic of Indonesia. (2021). Regulation of The President of The Republic of Indonesia Number 98 of 2021 on The Implementation of Carbon Economic Value To Achieve Nationally Determined Contribution Targets And Control Over Greenhouse Gas Emissions In Relation To National Development (State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia of 2021 Number 249) [Peraturan Presiden Nomor 98 Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Nilai Ekonomi Karbon untuk Pencapaian Target Kontribusi yang Ditetapkan Secara Nasional dan Pengendalian Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca dalam Pembangunan Nasional (Lembaran Negara Repulik Indonesia Tahun 2021 Nomor 249)].
Septiadi, Anak Agung Made Ngurah Panca dan Made Maharta Yasa. (2021). Kekuatan Mengikat Paris Agreement kepada Negara-Negara Anggotanya. Jurnal Kertha Desa, 9(8), 13-21.
Shen, W. (2015). Chinese Business at the Dawn of its Domestic Emissions Trading Scheme: Incentives and Barriers to Participation in Carbon Trading. Climate Policy, 15(3), 339-354.
Soekanto, Soerjono dan Sri Mamudji. (2001). Penelitian Hukum Normatif: Suatu Tinjauan Singkat. Jakarta: Rajawali Pers.
Sunggono, Bambang. (2007). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Raja Grafindo.
Sukadi, Bimo Dwi Nur Romadhon, et. al. (2022). Penerapan Good Environmental Governance pada Praktik Perdagangan Karbon di Proyek Katingan Mentaya. Jurnal Borneo Administrator, 16(3), 361-382.
Sunggono, Bambang. (2010). Metode Penelitian Hukum. Jakarta: Rajagrafindo Pers.
Syaharani dan Muhammad Alfitras Tavares. (2020). Nasib Target Emisi Indonesia: Pelemahan Instrumen Lingkungan Hidup di Era Pemulihan Ekonomi Nasional. Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan Indonesia, 7(1), 1-27.
Tampubolon, Rossi Margareth. (2022). Perdagangan Karbon: Memahami Konsep dan Implementasinya. STANDAR: Better Standard Better Living, 1(3), 25- 29.
Tri Kurnia Yunianto. (2020). “Punya Hutan Luas, RI Bisa Raup Rp 350 Triliun Dari Perdagangan Karbon”, https://katadata.co.id/ameidyonasution/berita/5e9a49909b2b2/punya- hutan-luas-ri-bisa-raup-rp-350-triliun-dari-perdagangan-karbon, accessed on 3 October 2022.
WALHI. (2021). “Siaran Pers WALHI: Menolak Solusi Palsu, Menuntut Keadilan Iklim”, https://www.walhi.or.id/menolak-solusi-palsu-menuntut-keadilan-iklim, accessed on 23 September 2022.
Waluyo, Bambang. (2002). Penelitian Hukum dalam Praktek. Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.
W, Seb (ed). (2018). Carbon Trading – The View From the Floor. London: Globe Business Publishing Ltd.