Role of Climate Change in Afghanistan’s Geopolitical Power
Main Article Content
Abstract
The most significant environmental threats today are global warming and climate change. The effects of climate change include water and food scarcity, disease, unemployment, migration, poverty, resource conflicts, and global instability. This study examines the role of climate change in Afghanistan’s geopolitical power. This study employs a descriptive-analytical approach and a survey method. The statistical research community includes experts and specialists in geopolitics, political science, climate science, and university professors. The questionnaire was distributed among them based on indicators related to climate change, development, and geopolitics. 80 questionnaires were collected. On the basis of these findings, a significant and inverse relationship exists between the impacts of climate change and development. Furthermore, the reduction in the development process has a significant and negative impact on Afghanistan’s geopolitical power. Finally, the reduction in development affects the change. Climate plays a mediating role in geopolitics. Then, the priority of parameters influencing climate change in geopolitics was discussed using Friedman’s comparison test. These parameters include 1) poverty and social anomalies, drought, and migration. In the suggestions section, it is emphasized that there is a need to implement effective methods, such as irrigation and the use of clean energy, to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to the impacts of climate change.
Article Details
How to Cite
Mazloum Yar, Fayaz Gul. 2024. “Role of Climate Change in Afghanistan’s Geopolitical Power”. International Law Discourse in Southeast Asia 3 (2). https://doi.org/10.15294/ildisea.v2i2.77035.
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Ahmed, S., & Gupta, J. (2020). Water, climate change, and migration in Afghanistan. World Development, 127, 104748.
Brown, M. (2021). Environmental determinism and geopolitical power in Afghanistan. Geopolitics, 26(1), 23-42.
Johnson, R., & Khan, A. (2019). Adaptive capacities in Afghanistan's changing climate. Environmental Research Letters, 14(12), 125007.
Jones, E., et al. (2019). Geopolitical shifts in Afghanistan: A historical analysis. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 63(7), 1725-1749.
Li, X., & Wang, Y. (2018). Economic impacts of climate change in Afghanistan. Climatic Change, 146(1-2), 227-241.
Smith, P. (2018). Afghanistan's geopolitical history: A retrospective analysis. International Studies Quarterly, 62(3), 567-580.
Manzo, K. (2012). Earthworks: The geopolitical visions of climate change cartoons. Political Geography, 31(8), 481-494.
Kander, A., Malanima, P., & Warde, P. (2014). Power to the people: energy in Europe over the last five centuries. Princeton University Press.
Pandey, C., & Watson, I. (2014). Public Diplomacy and Bridging in the Climate Change Debate: Assessing South Korea's Leadership Role in New Middle Power Forums. In The Australian Political Studies Association Annual Conference, University of Sydney Paper.
Czerniewicz, L., Goodier, S., & Morrell, R. (2017). Southern knowledge online? Climate change research discoverability and communication practices. Information, Communication & Society, 20(3), 386-405.
Young, O. R. (2019). Is it time for a reset in Arctic governance? Sustainability, 11(16), 4497.
Summers, C., & Goodman, S. (2020). Weaponizing Wheat: Russia's Next Weapon in Pandemic and Climate Eras. Geo. J. Int'l Aff., 21, 62.
O'Lear, S., Hane, M. K., Neal, A. P., Stallings, L. L. M., Wadood, S., & Park, J. (2021). Environmental geopolitics of climate engineering proposals in the IPCC 5th assessment report. Frontiers in Climate, 3, 718553.
Grygiel, J. J. (2007). Great powers and geopolitical change. JHU Press.
Overland, I. (2015). Future petroleum geopolitics: consequences of climate policy and unconventional oil and gas. Handbook of Clean Energy Systems, 1-29.
de LT Oliveira, G. (2017). The geopolitics of Brazilian soybeans. In Soy, Globalization, and Environmental Politics in South America (pp. 98-122). Routledge.
Aich, V., Akhundzadah, N. A., Knuerr, A., Khoshbeen, A. J., Hattermann, F., Paeth, H., ... & Paton, E. N. (2017). Climate change in Afghanistan deduced from reanalysis and coordinated regional climate downscaling experiment (CORDEX)—South Asia simulations. Climate, 5(2), 38.
Abduvaliev, M. and R. Bustillo (2020). "Impact of remittances on economic growth and poverty reduction amongst CIS countries." Post-Communist Economies 32(4): 525-546.
Ahmadi, A., et al. (2020). "Polio in Afghanistan: the current situation amid COVID-19." The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 103(4): 1367.
Alimia, S. (2019). "Performing the Afghanistan–Pakistan border through refugee ID cards." Geopolitics 24(2): 391-425.
Babenko, V., et al. (2019). "Features in scientific and technical cooperation in the field of non-conventional renewable energy." Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management 5(Special Issue): 105-112.
Bakker, K. and M. Ritts (2018). "Smart Earth: A meta-review and implications for environmental governance." Global environmental change 52: 201-211.
Ballatore, A. and P. Mooney (2015). "Conceptualising the geographic world: the dimensions of negotiation in crowdsourced cartography." International Journal of Geographical Information Science 29(12): 2310-2327.
Campbell, M. C., et al. (2020). In times of trouble: A framework for understanding consumers’ responses to threats, Oxford University Press. 47: 311-326.
Cohen, J. M., et al. (2018). "A global synthesis of animal phenological responses to climate change." Nature Climate Change 8(3): 224-228.
Cunsolo, A. and N. R. Ellis (2018). "Ecological grief as a mental health response to climate change-related loss." Nature Climate Change 8(4): 275-281.
Druckman, J. N. and M. C. McGrath (2019). "The evidence for motivated reasoning in climate change preference formation." Nature Climate Change 9(2): 111-119.
Finger, R., et al. (2019). "Precision farming at the nexus of agricultural production and the environment." Annual Review of Resource Economics 11: 313-335.
Ghil, M. and V. Lucarini (2020). "The physics of climate variability and climate change." Reviews of Modern Physics 92(3): 035002.
Goldscheider, N., et al. (2020). "Global distribution of carbonate rocks and karst water resources." Hydrogeology Journal 28: 1661-1677.
Hensen, B., et al. (2015). "Loophole-free Bell inequality violation using electron spins separated by 1.3 kilometres." Nature 526(7575): 682-686.
Jaeger, D. A. and Z. Siddique (2018). "Are drone strikes effective in Afghanistan and Pakistan? On the dynamics of violence between the United States and the Taliban." CESifo Economic Studies 64(4): 667-697.
Jahangiri, M., et al. (2019). "Assessment of solar-wind power plants in Afghanistan: A review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 99: 169-190.
Karpovich, O. G. and R. N. Shangaraev (2021). "Institute for Contemporary International Studies of Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation." Sociopolitical Sciences 11(6): 65-72.
Khanna, K., et al. (2018). "High-altitude-induced alterations in gut-immune axis: a review." International reviews of immunology 37(2): 119-126.
Kious, B. M., et al. (2019). "Altitude and risk of depression and anxiety: findings from the intern health study." International Review of Psychiatry 31(7-8): 637-645.
Li, F., et al. (2021). "Does geopolitics have an impact on energy trade? Empirical research on emerging countries." Sustainability 13(9): 5199.
Makondo, C. C. and D. S. Thomas (2018). "Climate change adaptation: Linking indigenous knowledge with western science for effective adaptation." Environmental science & policy 88: 83-91.
Mpandeli, S., et al. (2018). "Climate change adaptation through the water-energy-food nexus in southern Africa." International journal of environmental research and public health 15(10): 2306.
Mukherjee, S., et al. (2018). "Climate change and drought: a perspective on drought indices." Current climate change reports 4: 145-163.
Muradi, A. J. and I. Boz (2018). "The contribution of agriculture sector in the economy of Afghanistan." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 6(10): 750-755.
Murtazashvili, J. B. (2016). Informal order and the state in Afghanistan, Cambridge University Press.
Nemat, A., et al. (2021). "A survey of the healthcare workers in Afghanistan during the COVID-19 pandemic." The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 104(2): 537.
Ortiz-Bobea, A., et al. (2021). "Anthropogenic climate change has slowed global agricultural productivity growth." Nature Climate Change 11(4): 306-312.
Piao, S., et al. (2019). "Plant phenology and global climate change: Current progresses and challenges." Global change biology 25(6): 1922-1940.
Råman Vinnå, L., et al. (2021). "The vulnerability of lakes to climate change along an altitudinal gradient." Communications Earth & Environment 2(1): 35.
Robinson, S. a. (2020). "Climate change adaptation in SIDS: A systematic review of the literature pre and post the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 11(4): e653.
Rocque, R. J., et al. (2021). "Health effects of climate change: an overview of systematic reviews." BMJ open 11(6): e046333.
Sanchez Rodriguez, R., et al. (2018). "Sustainable Development Goals and climate change adaptation in cities." Nature Climate Change 8(3): 181-183.
Sesana, E., et al. (2021). "Climate change impacts on cultural heritage: A literature review." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 12(4): e710.
Sippel, S., et al. (2020). "Climate change now detectable from any single day of weather at global scale." Nature Climate Change 10(1): 35-41.
Tellman, B., et al. (2021). "Satellite imaging reveals increased proportion of population exposed to floods." Nature 596(7870): 80-86.
Thomas, K., et al. (2019). "Explaining differential vulnerability to climate change: A social science review." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 10(2): e565.
Vicedo-Cabrera, A. M., et al. (2021). "The burden of heat-related mortality attributable to recent human-induced climate change." Nature Climate Change 11(6): 492-500.
Wu, D., et al. (2021). "Exploration of the effects of altitude change on bacteria and fungi in the rumen of yak (Bos grunniens)." Archives of Microbiology 203: 835-846.
Brown, M. (2021). Environmental determinism and geopolitical power in Afghanistan. Geopolitics, 26(1), 23-42.
Johnson, R., & Khan, A. (2019). Adaptive capacities in Afghanistan's changing climate. Environmental Research Letters, 14(12), 125007.
Jones, E., et al. (2019). Geopolitical shifts in Afghanistan: A historical analysis. Journal of Conflict Resolution, 63(7), 1725-1749.
Li, X., & Wang, Y. (2018). Economic impacts of climate change in Afghanistan. Climatic Change, 146(1-2), 227-241.
Smith, P. (2018). Afghanistan's geopolitical history: A retrospective analysis. International Studies Quarterly, 62(3), 567-580.
Manzo, K. (2012). Earthworks: The geopolitical visions of climate change cartoons. Political Geography, 31(8), 481-494.
Kander, A., Malanima, P., & Warde, P. (2014). Power to the people: energy in Europe over the last five centuries. Princeton University Press.
Pandey, C., & Watson, I. (2014). Public Diplomacy and Bridging in the Climate Change Debate: Assessing South Korea's Leadership Role in New Middle Power Forums. In The Australian Political Studies Association Annual Conference, University of Sydney Paper.
Czerniewicz, L., Goodier, S., & Morrell, R. (2017). Southern knowledge online? Climate change research discoverability and communication practices. Information, Communication & Society, 20(3), 386-405.
Young, O. R. (2019). Is it time for a reset in Arctic governance? Sustainability, 11(16), 4497.
Summers, C., & Goodman, S. (2020). Weaponizing Wheat: Russia's Next Weapon in Pandemic and Climate Eras. Geo. J. Int'l Aff., 21, 62.
O'Lear, S., Hane, M. K., Neal, A. P., Stallings, L. L. M., Wadood, S., & Park, J. (2021). Environmental geopolitics of climate engineering proposals in the IPCC 5th assessment report. Frontiers in Climate, 3, 718553.
Grygiel, J. J. (2007). Great powers and geopolitical change. JHU Press.
Overland, I. (2015). Future petroleum geopolitics: consequences of climate policy and unconventional oil and gas. Handbook of Clean Energy Systems, 1-29.
de LT Oliveira, G. (2017). The geopolitics of Brazilian soybeans. In Soy, Globalization, and Environmental Politics in South America (pp. 98-122). Routledge.
Aich, V., Akhundzadah, N. A., Knuerr, A., Khoshbeen, A. J., Hattermann, F., Paeth, H., ... & Paton, E. N. (2017). Climate change in Afghanistan deduced from reanalysis and coordinated regional climate downscaling experiment (CORDEX)—South Asia simulations. Climate, 5(2), 38.
Abduvaliev, M. and R. Bustillo (2020). "Impact of remittances on economic growth and poverty reduction amongst CIS countries." Post-Communist Economies 32(4): 525-546.
Ahmadi, A., et al. (2020). "Polio in Afghanistan: the current situation amid COVID-19." The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 103(4): 1367.
Alimia, S. (2019). "Performing the Afghanistan–Pakistan border through refugee ID cards." Geopolitics 24(2): 391-425.
Babenko, V., et al. (2019). "Features in scientific and technical cooperation in the field of non-conventional renewable energy." Global Journal of Environmental Science and Management 5(Special Issue): 105-112.
Bakker, K. and M. Ritts (2018). "Smart Earth: A meta-review and implications for environmental governance." Global environmental change 52: 201-211.
Ballatore, A. and P. Mooney (2015). "Conceptualising the geographic world: the dimensions of negotiation in crowdsourced cartography." International Journal of Geographical Information Science 29(12): 2310-2327.
Campbell, M. C., et al. (2020). In times of trouble: A framework for understanding consumers’ responses to threats, Oxford University Press. 47: 311-326.
Cohen, J. M., et al. (2018). "A global synthesis of animal phenological responses to climate change." Nature Climate Change 8(3): 224-228.
Cunsolo, A. and N. R. Ellis (2018). "Ecological grief as a mental health response to climate change-related loss." Nature Climate Change 8(4): 275-281.
Druckman, J. N. and M. C. McGrath (2019). "The evidence for motivated reasoning in climate change preference formation." Nature Climate Change 9(2): 111-119.
Finger, R., et al. (2019). "Precision farming at the nexus of agricultural production and the environment." Annual Review of Resource Economics 11: 313-335.
Ghil, M. and V. Lucarini (2020). "The physics of climate variability and climate change." Reviews of Modern Physics 92(3): 035002.
Goldscheider, N., et al. (2020). "Global distribution of carbonate rocks and karst water resources." Hydrogeology Journal 28: 1661-1677.
Hensen, B., et al. (2015). "Loophole-free Bell inequality violation using electron spins separated by 1.3 kilometres." Nature 526(7575): 682-686.
Jaeger, D. A. and Z. Siddique (2018). "Are drone strikes effective in Afghanistan and Pakistan? On the dynamics of violence between the United States and the Taliban." CESifo Economic Studies 64(4): 667-697.
Jahangiri, M., et al. (2019). "Assessment of solar-wind power plants in Afghanistan: A review." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 99: 169-190.
Karpovich, O. G. and R. N. Shangaraev (2021). "Institute for Contemporary International Studies of Diplomatic Academy of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation." Sociopolitical Sciences 11(6): 65-72.
Khanna, K., et al. (2018). "High-altitude-induced alterations in gut-immune axis: a review." International reviews of immunology 37(2): 119-126.
Kious, B. M., et al. (2019). "Altitude and risk of depression and anxiety: findings from the intern health study." International Review of Psychiatry 31(7-8): 637-645.
Li, F., et al. (2021). "Does geopolitics have an impact on energy trade? Empirical research on emerging countries." Sustainability 13(9): 5199.
Makondo, C. C. and D. S. Thomas (2018). "Climate change adaptation: Linking indigenous knowledge with western science for effective adaptation." Environmental science & policy 88: 83-91.
Mpandeli, S., et al. (2018). "Climate change adaptation through the water-energy-food nexus in southern Africa." International journal of environmental research and public health 15(10): 2306.
Mukherjee, S., et al. (2018). "Climate change and drought: a perspective on drought indices." Current climate change reports 4: 145-163.
Muradi, A. J. and I. Boz (2018). "The contribution of agriculture sector in the economy of Afghanistan." International Journal of Scientific Research and Management 6(10): 750-755.
Murtazashvili, J. B. (2016). Informal order and the state in Afghanistan, Cambridge University Press.
Nemat, A., et al. (2021). "A survey of the healthcare workers in Afghanistan during the COVID-19 pandemic." The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 104(2): 537.
Ortiz-Bobea, A., et al. (2021). "Anthropogenic climate change has slowed global agricultural productivity growth." Nature Climate Change 11(4): 306-312.
Piao, S., et al. (2019). "Plant phenology and global climate change: Current progresses and challenges." Global change biology 25(6): 1922-1940.
Råman Vinnå, L., et al. (2021). "The vulnerability of lakes to climate change along an altitudinal gradient." Communications Earth & Environment 2(1): 35.
Robinson, S. a. (2020). "Climate change adaptation in SIDS: A systematic review of the literature pre and post the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 11(4): e653.
Rocque, R. J., et al. (2021). "Health effects of climate change: an overview of systematic reviews." BMJ open 11(6): e046333.
Sanchez Rodriguez, R., et al. (2018). "Sustainable Development Goals and climate change adaptation in cities." Nature Climate Change 8(3): 181-183.
Sesana, E., et al. (2021). "Climate change impacts on cultural heritage: A literature review." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 12(4): e710.
Sippel, S., et al. (2020). "Climate change now detectable from any single day of weather at global scale." Nature Climate Change 10(1): 35-41.
Tellman, B., et al. (2021). "Satellite imaging reveals increased proportion of population exposed to floods." Nature 596(7870): 80-86.
Thomas, K., et al. (2019). "Explaining differential vulnerability to climate change: A social science review." Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Climate Change 10(2): e565.
Vicedo-Cabrera, A. M., et al. (2021). "The burden of heat-related mortality attributable to recent human-induced climate change." Nature Climate Change 11(6): 492-500.
Wu, D., et al. (2021). "Exploration of the effects of altitude change on bacteria and fungi in the rumen of yak (Bos grunniens)." Archives of Microbiology 203: 835-846.