International Law and Dispute Resolution in the Context of Renewable Energy Development: A Review of the Case of Downstreaming of Nickel Ores by Indonesia
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Jul 31, 2023
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Abstract
This paper delves into the intricate dynamics of international law and dispute resolution within the context of renewable energy development, focusing on Indonesia's downstreaming of nickel ores. As renewable energy initiatives gain prominence globally, the demand for essential minerals like nickel increases, prompting nations like Indonesia to explore downstreaming processes. However, this transition presents complex legal challenges, including international trade agreements, environmental regulations, and indigenous rights. Through a comprehensive review of relevant literature and case studies, this study analyzes Indonesia's approach to nickel ore downstreaming and its implications for international law and dispute resolution mechanisms. Additionally, it examines the role of international organizations, such as the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL), in resolving disputes arising from renewable energy projects. By synthesizing legal frameworks, environmental concerns, and socio-economic factors, this paper offers insights into navigating the legal complexities of renewable energy development, with a focus on Indonesia's nickel industry. Ultimately, the findings contribute to the discourse on sustainable resource management and the role of international law in facilitating equitable and environmentally responsible energy transitions.
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Nainggolan, Christian. 2023. “International Law and Dispute Resolution in the Context of Renewable Energy Development: A Review of the Case of Downstreaming of Nickel Ores by Indonesia”. International Law Discourse in Southeast Asia 2 (2), 221-50. https://doi.org/10.15294/ildisea.v2i2.77152.
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Yoesgiantoro, D., N. A. Sasongko, and B. S. Arifianto. "Defense study on Indonesian nickel processing." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Vol. 1108. No. 1. IOP Publishing, 2022.
Ardiansyah, Fitrian, Neil Gunningham, and Peter Drahos. "An environmental perspective on energy development in Indonesia." Energy and non-traditional security (NTS) in Asia (2012): 89-117.
Barizi, Muhammad Hirza, and Reza Triarda. "Rantai Pasokan Global Dan Nasionalisme Sumber Daya Alam: Kajian Terkait Hilirisasi Nikel di Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of International Relations 7.2 (2023): 312-338.
Dewi, Yetty, and Mikaila Jessy Azzahra. "Re-examining Indonesia’s Nickel Export Ban: Does it Violate the Prohibition to Quantitative Restriction?." Padjadjaran Journal of International Law 6.2 (2022): 180-200.
Dincer, Ibrahim. "Renewable energy and sustainable development: a crucial review." Renewable and sustainable energy reviews 4.2 (2000): 157-175.
Hadi, Sudharto Prawata. "Sustainable development in Indonesia: current problems and future challenges." 3rd International Conference on Indonesian Social & Political Enquiries (ICISPE 2018). Atlantis Press, 2019.
Idris, M. Faris. "Pembangunan Melalui Sektor Pertambangan di Indonesia: Sebuah Tinjauan Etis." Jurnal Uniyap 3.11 (2013): 141932.
Ing, Lili Yan, Mari Elka Pangestu, and Olivier Cadot. "Indonesia's trade policies in the new world trade." The Indonesian Economy. Routledge, 2017. 57-88.
Krustiyati, J. M., et al. "Analyzing the lawsuit of the European Union over nickel ore export regulation in Indonesia." Croatian International Relations Review 28.89 (2022): 120-135.
Leal-Arcas, Rafael, and Andrew Filis. "Renewable energy disputes in the World Trade Organization." Oil, Gas and Energy Law Journal 13.3 (2015): 1-51.
Lewis, Joanna I. "The rise of renewable energy protectionism: emerging trade conflicts and implications for low carbon development." Global Environmental Politics 14.4 (2014): 10-35.
Mitrania, Reygina Yenny, Manotar Tampubolon, and Edward ML Panjaitan. "The dispute between Indonesia and the European union concerning the export ban on nickel ore under the international trade law." ICLHR 2021: Proceedings from the 1st International Conference on Law and Human Rights, ICLHR 2021, 14-15 April 2021, Jakarta, Indonesia. European Alliance for Innovation, 2021.
Mooiman, Michael B., Kathryn C. Sole, and Nicholas Dinham. "The precious metals industry: Global challenges, responses, and prospects." Metal sustainability: Global challenges, consequences, and prospects (2016): 361-396.
Muhammad, Sawedi, Suryanto Arifin, and Ridwan Syam. "The Controversy of Mine License Extending and Their Impact on Environmental Sustainability in Indonesia." THE 17TH ASIA PACIFIC SOCIOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION (APSA) CONFERENCE. 2022.
Naryono, Endang. Nickel Mine Exploitation In Indonesia, Between A Blessing And A Disaster Of Environmental Damage. No. y58qe. Center for Open Science, 2023.
Nasir, Munawir. "Analysis of economic development based on environment resources in the mining sector." The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business 7.6 (2020): 133-143.
Nathanael, Garcia Krisnando. "Industri batubara dari sisi ekonomi, politik, dan lingkungan." Parapolitika: Journal of Politics and Democracy Studies 2.1 (2021): 20-30.
Neacsa, Adrian, et al. "The transition to renewable energy—a sustainability issue?." Energy Transition: Economic, Social and Environmental Dimensions. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. 29-72.
Owusu, Phebe Asantewaa, and Samuel Asumadu-Sarkodie. "A review of renewable energy sources, sustainability issues and climate change mitigation." Cogent Engineering 3.1 (2016): 1167990.
Pandyaswargo, Andante Hadi, et al. "The emerging electric vehicle and battery industry in Indonesia: Actions around the nickel ore export ban and a SWOT analysis." Batteries 7.4 (2021): 80.
Patra, Elma Eddy, et al. "Corporation’s Liability on Illegal Dumping’s Impact on Climate Change according to the UNFCCC and its Implementation in Indonesia." JASSP 2.1 (2022): 57-64.
Rahayu, Sekar Wiji, and Fajar Sugianto. "Implikasi Kebijakan Dan Diskriminasi Pelarangan Ekspor Dan Impor Minyak Kelapa Sawit Dan Bijih Nikel Terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia." DiH: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum 16.2 (2020): 373034.
Rajamani, Lavanya. "The changing fortunes of differential treatment in the evolution of international environmental law." International Affairs 88.3 (2012): 605-623.
Saepudin, Asep, et al. "Indonesia Green Mining Industry." European Journal of Development Studies 2.5 (2022): 22-31.
Sand, Peter H., and Jeffrey McGee. "Lessons learnt from two decades of international environmental agreements: law." International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics 22.2 (2022): 263-278.
Selivanova, Yulia. The WTO and energy: WTO rules and agreements of relevance to the energy sector. Vol. 16. Geneva: International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, 2007.
Shah, Zar, et al. "The economic value of natural resources and its implications for Pakistan’s economic growth." Commodities 1.2 (2022): 65-97.
Siahaan, Doan Mauli Tua, Ibrahim Sagio, and Evi Purwanti. "Restriction of Indonesian Nickel Ore Export Based on the Perspective of Quantitative Restriction Principle in General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade." Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure 21 (2021): 409-418.
Soelistijo, Ukar Wijaya. "Prospect of potential nickel added value development in Indonesia." Earth Science. Science Publishing Group, USA 2.6 (2013): 129-138.
Stolten, Detlef, and Viktor Scherer, eds. Transition to renewable energy systems. John Wiley & Sons, 2013.
Sugandi, Iqra, Oekan S. Abdoellah, and Budhi Gunawan. "Analysis of The Sustainable Development Policies of Local Communities in Indonesia." TRANSFORMASI: Jurnal Manajemen Pemerintahan (2022): 101-118.
Syahnur, Sofyan, and Yossi Diantimala. "“Surviving and growing up with illegal status”: The Analysis of Socio–Economic Household, Potential Conflict, the Environmental Damage, and Vulnerability of Local Community to Disaster." Journal of Sustainable Mining 20.3 (2021): 157-177.
Tijaja, Julia, and Mohammad Faisal. "Industrial policy in Indonesia: A global value chain perspective." Asian Development Bank Economics Working Paper Series 411 (2014).
Warburton, Eve. "Nationalism, developmentalism and politics in Indonesia’s mining sector." Indonesia in the New World: Globalisation, Nationalism and Sovereignty (2018): 90-108.
Widiatedja, I. Gusti Ngurah Parikesit. "Indonesia’s Export Ban on Nickel Ore: Does It Violate the World Trade Organization (WTO) Rules?." Journal of World Trade 55.4 (2021).
Yoesgiantoro, D., N. A. Sasongko, and B. S. Arifianto. "Defense study on Indonesian nickel processing." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. Vol. 1108. No. 1. IOP Publishing, 2022.