Indonesia vs. Malaysia: The Battle for Border Territory Resolved
Article Sidebar
Published
Jan 31, 2024
Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper provides a comprehensive analysis of the resolution of the longstanding border dispute between Indonesia and Malaysia. The study delves into the complex dynamics of this conflict, offering insights into its historical context, the key issues at stake, and the eventual resolution reached between the two nations. The Indonesia-Malaysia border dispute has been a contentious issue for decades, marked by conflicting territorial claims and occasional tensions between the two neighboring countries. Rooted in historical and geopolitical factors, the dispute has encompassed various regions along the land border, including areas rich in natural resources and strategic importance. This paper examines the factors that fueled the dispute, ranging from historical grievances to economic interests and geopolitical considerations. It explores how these factors influenced the negotiation process and shaped the positions of both Indonesia and Malaysia. Central to the analysis is the discussion of the diplomatic efforts and mechanisms employed to address the dispute. From bilateral negotiations to third-party mediation, the paper evaluates the effectiveness of different approaches in facilitating dialogue and fostering cooperation between the two nations. Furthermore, the paper highlights the role of international law and norms in guiding the resolution process. It assesses how principles of territorial sovereignty, boundary delimitation, and peaceful dispute resolution were applied in reaching a mutually acceptable agreement. Finally, the study discusses the outcome of the resolution and its implications for Indonesia, Malaysia, and the broader region. It examines the terms of the agreement, including any concessions made by either party, and considers the potential impact on bilateral relations, economic development, and regional stability. By providing a nuanced analysis of the Indonesia-Malaysia border dispute and its resolution, this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of interstate conflicts and the mechanisms available for their peaceful resolution in Southeast Asia.
Article Details
How to Cite
Ruhana, Siti, and Tun Abdul Karim. 2024. “Indonesia Vs. Malaysia: The Battle for Border Territory Resolved”. International Law Discourse in Southeast Asia 3 (1), 1-32. https://doi.org/10.15294/ildisea.v3i1.78889.
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
Agnew, John. "Borders on the mind: re-framing border thinking." Ethics & Global Politics 1, no. 4 (2008): 175-191.
Amer, Ramses. "Expanding ASEAN's conflict management framework in Southeast Asia: The border dispute dimension." Asian Journal of Political Science 6, no. 2 (1998): 33-56.
Amer, Ramses. "The Association of South-East Asian nations and the management of territorial disputes." Boundary and Security Bulletin 9, no. 4 (2002): 81-96.
Anderson, James, and Liam O'dowd. "Borders, border regions and territoriality: contradictory meanings, changing significance." Regional Studies 33, no. 7 (1999): 593-604.
Andika, Muhammad Tri. "Indonesia border diplomacy under the global maritime fulcrum." Ritsumeikan International Affairs 15 (2017): 45-66.
Arifin, Saru. "The Implementation of Uti Possidetis Principle in Determining Land Border Pole Point between Indonesia and Malaysia." Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 16, no. 2 (2009).
Bangun, Budi Hermawan. "Konsepsi dan Pengelolaan Wilayah Perbatasan Negara: Perspektif Hukum Internasional." Tanjungpura Law Journal 1, no. 1 (2017): 52-63.
Baud, Michiel, and Willem Van Schendel. "Toward a comparative history of borderlands." Journal of World History (1997): 211-242.
Brighenti, Andrea. "On territory as relationship and law as territory." Canadian Journal of Law and Society/La Revue Canadienne Droit et Société 21, no. 2 (2006): 65-86.
Brunet-Jailly, Emmanuel. "Theorizing borders: An interdisciplinary perspective." Geopolitics 10, no. 4 (2005): 633-649.
Butcher, John G. "The International Court of Justice and the territorial dispute between Indonesia and Malaysia in the Sulawesi Sea." Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of International and Strategic Affairs 35, no. 2 (2013): 235-257.
Caballero-Anthony, Mely. "Mechanisms of dispute settlement: The ASEAN experience." Contemporary Southeast Asia (1998): 38-66.
Colson, David A. "Sovereignty over Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan (Indonesia/Malaysia)." American Journal of International Law 97, no. 2 (2003): 398-406.
Crouch, Harold. "Indonesia and the security of Australia and Papua New Guinea." Australian Journal of International Affairs 40, no. 3 (1986): 167-174.
Delfiyanti, Delfiyanti. "The Form of Dispute Settlement in The Border of Sea Region of Asean State Members and Its Implications to Indonesia." Andalas International Journal of Socio-Humanities 2, no. 1 (2020): 8-14.
Eilenberg, Michael. "Frontier constellations: Agrarian expansion and sovereignty on the Indonesian-Malaysian border." Journal of Peasant Studies 41, no. 2 (2014): 157-182.
Elyta, Ully Nuzulian. "Border Diplomacy in Handling Disputes on Tanjung Datu (Case Between Indonesia and Malaysia)." Prosiding Vennas AIHII 9 (2018): 157-167.
Evers, Hans-Dieter. "Transition towards a knowledge society: Malaysia and Indonesia in comparative perspective." Comparative Sociology 2, no. 2 (2003): 355-373.
Fahroy, Caesar Ali. "Aspek Hukum Internasional Pada Batas “imajiner” Negara." Jurnal Wawasan Yuridika 1, no. 1 (2017): 54-63.
Firdaus, Aos Y., and Harun Umar. "Indonesia-Malaysia Border Conflict." SIASAT 7, no. 2 (2022): 176-185.
Gomes, Emanuel, et al. "Antecedents and implications of territorial servitization." Regional Studies 53, no. 3 (2019): 410-423.
Green, NA Maryan. "Some Comments on the Model Plan for the Classification of Documents concerning State Practice in the Field of Public International Law." International & Comparative Law Quarterly 19, no. 1 (1970): 118-124.
Hamzah, B. A., et al. "The maritime boundaries of Malaysia and Indonesia in the Malacca strait: An appraisal." Australian Journal of Maritime & Ocean Affairs 6, no. 4 (2014): 207-226.
Harun, Ruhanas. "Peningkatan Keselamatan Bersama Melalui Kerjasama Duahala Malaysia dan Negara-Negara Jiran." JEBAT: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics, & Strategic Studies 36 (2009): 16-40.
Hassan, Wan Shawaluddin Wan, Amrullah Maraining, and Ramli Dollah. "Isu Penyeludupan di Pulau Sebatik, Malaysia: Smuggling Issue in Sebatik Island, Malaysia." Jurnal Kinabalu 26, no. 2 (2020): 355-355.
Huth, Paul. Standing your ground: Territorial disputes and international conflict. (Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 2009).
Itasari, Endah Rantau. "Border Management Between Indonesia and Malaysia in Increasing the Economy in Both Border Areas." Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH) 6, no. 1 (2020): 219-227.
Izzati, Nur Arissa, Chusnul Qotimah Nita Permata, and Miftah Santalia. "Assessing the Effectiveness of Settling Indonesian Sea Border Disputes through Litigation and Non-Litigation Paths." Lex Scientia Law Review 4, no. 1 (2020): 1-18.
Jessop, Bob. "The political economy of scale and the construction of cross-border micro-regions." Theories of New Regionalism: A Palgrave Reader. (London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003), pp. 179-196.
Johnson, Corey, et al. "Interventions on rethinking ‘the border’in border studies." Political Geography 30, no. 2 (2011): 61-69.
Kimura, Ehito. Political Change and Territoriality in Indonesia: Provincial Proliferation. (London: Routledge, 2013).
Laksmana, Evan A. "Indonesia's rising regional and global profile: does size really matter?." Contemporary Southeast Asia (2011): 157-182.
Leisch, Harald. "Gated communities in Indonesia." Cities 19, no. 5 (2002): 341-350.
Lev, Daniel. "Legal Evolution and Political Authority in Indonesia: Selected Essays." Legal Evolution and Political Authority in Indonesia. (Leiden: Brill Nijhoff, 2021).
Liow, Joseph Chinyong. The politics of Indonesia-Malaysia relations: one kin, two nations. (London: Routledge, 2004).
Mangku, Dewa Gede Sudika. "Legal Implementation On Land Border Management Between Indonesia And Papua New Guinea According to Stephen B. Jones Theory." Veteran Law Review 1, no. 1 (2018): 72-86.
Manik, Jeanne Darc Noviayanti. "Pengaturan Hukum Perbatasan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Wilayah Negara." PROGRESIF: Jurnal Hukum 12, no. 1 (2018): 2015-2027.
Martinez, Oscar J. "The Dynamics of Border Interaction: New approaches to border analysis." Global Boundaries. (London: Routledge, 2002), pp. 1-15.
Martinez, Oscar J. Border boom town: Ciudad Juárez since 1848. (Texas: University of Texas Press, 1978).
Martinez, Oscar J. Troublesome Border. (Arizona: University of Arizona Press, 2022).
Maswandi, Maswandi. "The Management Of The Border Region In Perspective International Law (Indonesia-Malaysia)." International Asia of Law and Money Laundering (IAML) 1, no. 1 (2022): 13-22.
Migdal, Joel S., and Klaus Schlichte. "Rethinking the state." The Dynamics of States. (London: Routledge, 2016), pp. 11-50.
Mills, Lennox Algernon, Constance M. Turnbull, and D. K. Bassett. "British Malaya 1824-67." Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 33, no. 3 (1960): 191-424.
Muntarbhorn, Vitit, and Vitit Muntarbhorn. "Historical Ambiguity and Territoriality." Challenges of International Law in the Asian Region: An Introduction (2021): 47-60.
Newman, David, and Anssi Paasi. "Fences and neighbours in the postmodern world: boundary narratives in political geography." Progress in Human Geography 22, no. 2 (1998): 186-207.
Newman, David. "On borders and power: A theoretical framework." Journal of Borderlands Studies 18, no. 1 (2003): 13-25.
Prasetya, Dion Maulana, Peggy Puspa Haffsari, and Heavy Nala Estriani. "Identity Matters: Indonesia’s approach towards territorial disputes in South-east Asia." Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India 16, no. 2 (2020): 89-105.
Prescott, John Robert Victor. Political Frontiers and Boundaries. (London: Routledge, 2014).
Purwanto, Harry, and D. G. Mangku. "Legal Instrument of the Republic of Indonesia on Border Management Using the Perspective of Archipelagic State." International Journal of Business, Economics and Law 11, no. 4 (2016): 51-59.
Puryanti, Lina, and Sarkawi B. Husain. "A people-state negotiation in a borderland; A case study of the Indonesia-Malaysia frontier in Sebatik Island." Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia 13, no. 1 (2011): 105-120.
Rachmawati, Iva, and Machya Astuti Dewi. "Nationalism in Border Community: Temajuk, Sambas District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia." Journal of Nationalism, Memory & Language Politics 15, no. 2 (2021): 210-229.
Rachmawati, Iva, and Machya Astuti Dewi. "Paradiplomacy Roles in Border Diplomacy. Case Study: Camar Bulan, Temajok, West Kalimantan, Indonesia." Politics 1, no. 1 (2015): 103-122.
Republic of Indonesia. Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 43 of 2008 concerning State Territory.
Rizki, Muhammad, and Agustina Merdekawati. "The Significance of Boundary Construction at Land Border between Indonesia–Malaysia in Temajuk Village, Sambas Regency as Manifestations of Indonesia’s Sovereignty." KnE Social Sciences (2018): 405-423.
Salleh, Asri, Che Hamdan Che Mohd Razali, and Kamaruzaman Jusoff. "Malaysia’s policy towards its 1963-2008 territorial disputes." Journal of Law and Conflict Resolution 1, no. 5 (2009): 107-116.
Salleh, Asri. "Dispute resolution through third party mediation: Malaysia and Indonesia." Intellectual Discourse 15, no. 2 (2007): 147-165.
Samekto, FX. Adji. Negara dalam Dimensi Hukum Internasiona. (Bandung: Citra Aditya Bhakti, 2009).
Scott, David. "Indonesia grapples with the Indo-Pacific: Outreach, strategic discourse, and diplomacy." Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 38, no. 2 (2019): 194-217.
Shaw, Malcolm N. "Territory in international law." Netherlands Yearbook of International Law 13 (1982): 61-91.
Siregar, Chairil Nur, Sutiadi Rahmansyah, and Epin Saepudin. "Ancaman Keamanan Nasional di Wilayah Perbatasan Indonesia: Studi Kasus Pulau Sebatik dan Tawau (Indonesia-Malaysia)." Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Sosiologi 4, no. 1 (2019): 27-39.
Spaan, Ernst, Ton Van Naerssen, and Gerard Kohl. "Re‐imagining borders: Malay identity and Indonesian migrants in Malaysia." Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie 93, no. 2 (2002): 160-172.
Starke, J. G. "The Acquisition of Territorial Sovereignty by Newly Emerged States." The Australian Year Book of International Law Online 2, no. 1 (1968): 9-15.
Sulaeman, Achdijat. "Analisis Diplomasi Indonesia–Malaysia Dalam Masalah Perbatasan." Populis: Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora 3, no. 1 (2018): 623-634.
Suwartiningsih, Sri, David Samiyono, and Daru Purnomo. "Harmonisasi Sosial Masyarakat Perbatasan Indonesia-Malaysia." Jurnal Hubungan Internasional 7, no. 1 (2018): 1-10.
Tarling, Nicholas. "British policy in the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago 1824-1871." Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 30, no. 3 (1957): 179-228.
Tjilen, Alexander P., and Ransta L. Lekatompessy. "Border Area Security Policy in Geopolitical and Geostrategic Perspective." International Joined Conference on Social Science (ICSS 2021). Atlantis Press, 2021.
Ullah, AKM Ahsan, and Asiyah Az-Zahra Ahmad Kumpoh. "Are borders the reflection of international relations? Southeast Asian borders in perspective." Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs 5, no. 3 (2018): 295-318.
Wain, Barry. "Latent danger: Boundary disputes and border issues in Southeast Asia." Southeast Asian Affairs 2012, no. 1 (2012): 38-60.
Amer, Ramses. "Expanding ASEAN's conflict management framework in Southeast Asia: The border dispute dimension." Asian Journal of Political Science 6, no. 2 (1998): 33-56.
Amer, Ramses. "The Association of South-East Asian nations and the management of territorial disputes." Boundary and Security Bulletin 9, no. 4 (2002): 81-96.
Anderson, James, and Liam O'dowd. "Borders, border regions and territoriality: contradictory meanings, changing significance." Regional Studies 33, no. 7 (1999): 593-604.
Andika, Muhammad Tri. "Indonesia border diplomacy under the global maritime fulcrum." Ritsumeikan International Affairs 15 (2017): 45-66.
Arifin, Saru. "The Implementation of Uti Possidetis Principle in Determining Land Border Pole Point between Indonesia and Malaysia." Jurnal Hukum Ius Quia Iustum 16, no. 2 (2009).
Bangun, Budi Hermawan. "Konsepsi dan Pengelolaan Wilayah Perbatasan Negara: Perspektif Hukum Internasional." Tanjungpura Law Journal 1, no. 1 (2017): 52-63.
Baud, Michiel, and Willem Van Schendel. "Toward a comparative history of borderlands." Journal of World History (1997): 211-242.
Brighenti, Andrea. "On territory as relationship and law as territory." Canadian Journal of Law and Society/La Revue Canadienne Droit et Société 21, no. 2 (2006): 65-86.
Brunet-Jailly, Emmanuel. "Theorizing borders: An interdisciplinary perspective." Geopolitics 10, no. 4 (2005): 633-649.
Butcher, John G. "The International Court of Justice and the territorial dispute between Indonesia and Malaysia in the Sulawesi Sea." Contemporary Southeast Asia: A Journal of International and Strategic Affairs 35, no. 2 (2013): 235-257.
Caballero-Anthony, Mely. "Mechanisms of dispute settlement: The ASEAN experience." Contemporary Southeast Asia (1998): 38-66.
Colson, David A. "Sovereignty over Pulau Ligitan and Pulau Sipadan (Indonesia/Malaysia)." American Journal of International Law 97, no. 2 (2003): 398-406.
Crouch, Harold. "Indonesia and the security of Australia and Papua New Guinea." Australian Journal of International Affairs 40, no. 3 (1986): 167-174.
Delfiyanti, Delfiyanti. "The Form of Dispute Settlement in The Border of Sea Region of Asean State Members and Its Implications to Indonesia." Andalas International Journal of Socio-Humanities 2, no. 1 (2020): 8-14.
Eilenberg, Michael. "Frontier constellations: Agrarian expansion and sovereignty on the Indonesian-Malaysian border." Journal of Peasant Studies 41, no. 2 (2014): 157-182.
Elyta, Ully Nuzulian. "Border Diplomacy in Handling Disputes on Tanjung Datu (Case Between Indonesia and Malaysia)." Prosiding Vennas AIHII 9 (2018): 157-167.
Evers, Hans-Dieter. "Transition towards a knowledge society: Malaysia and Indonesia in comparative perspective." Comparative Sociology 2, no. 2 (2003): 355-373.
Fahroy, Caesar Ali. "Aspek Hukum Internasional Pada Batas “imajiner” Negara." Jurnal Wawasan Yuridika 1, no. 1 (2017): 54-63.
Firdaus, Aos Y., and Harun Umar. "Indonesia-Malaysia Border Conflict." SIASAT 7, no. 2 (2022): 176-185.
Gomes, Emanuel, et al. "Antecedents and implications of territorial servitization." Regional Studies 53, no. 3 (2019): 410-423.
Green, NA Maryan. "Some Comments on the Model Plan for the Classification of Documents concerning State Practice in the Field of Public International Law." International & Comparative Law Quarterly 19, no. 1 (1970): 118-124.
Hamzah, B. A., et al. "The maritime boundaries of Malaysia and Indonesia in the Malacca strait: An appraisal." Australian Journal of Maritime & Ocean Affairs 6, no. 4 (2014): 207-226.
Harun, Ruhanas. "Peningkatan Keselamatan Bersama Melalui Kerjasama Duahala Malaysia dan Negara-Negara Jiran." JEBAT: Malaysian Journal of History, Politics, & Strategic Studies 36 (2009): 16-40.
Hassan, Wan Shawaluddin Wan, Amrullah Maraining, and Ramli Dollah. "Isu Penyeludupan di Pulau Sebatik, Malaysia: Smuggling Issue in Sebatik Island, Malaysia." Jurnal Kinabalu 26, no. 2 (2020): 355-355.
Huth, Paul. Standing your ground: Territorial disputes and international conflict. (Michigan: University of Michigan Press, 2009).
Itasari, Endah Rantau. "Border Management Between Indonesia and Malaysia in Increasing the Economy in Both Border Areas." Jurnal Komunikasi Hukum (JKH) 6, no. 1 (2020): 219-227.
Izzati, Nur Arissa, Chusnul Qotimah Nita Permata, and Miftah Santalia. "Assessing the Effectiveness of Settling Indonesian Sea Border Disputes through Litigation and Non-Litigation Paths." Lex Scientia Law Review 4, no. 1 (2020): 1-18.
Jessop, Bob. "The political economy of scale and the construction of cross-border micro-regions." Theories of New Regionalism: A Palgrave Reader. (London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2003), pp. 179-196.
Johnson, Corey, et al. "Interventions on rethinking ‘the border’in border studies." Political Geography 30, no. 2 (2011): 61-69.
Kimura, Ehito. Political Change and Territoriality in Indonesia: Provincial Proliferation. (London: Routledge, 2013).
Laksmana, Evan A. "Indonesia's rising regional and global profile: does size really matter?." Contemporary Southeast Asia (2011): 157-182.
Leisch, Harald. "Gated communities in Indonesia." Cities 19, no. 5 (2002): 341-350.
Lev, Daniel. "Legal Evolution and Political Authority in Indonesia: Selected Essays." Legal Evolution and Political Authority in Indonesia. (Leiden: Brill Nijhoff, 2021).
Liow, Joseph Chinyong. The politics of Indonesia-Malaysia relations: one kin, two nations. (London: Routledge, 2004).
Mangku, Dewa Gede Sudika. "Legal Implementation On Land Border Management Between Indonesia And Papua New Guinea According to Stephen B. Jones Theory." Veteran Law Review 1, no. 1 (2018): 72-86.
Manik, Jeanne Darc Noviayanti. "Pengaturan Hukum Perbatasan Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Wilayah Negara." PROGRESIF: Jurnal Hukum 12, no. 1 (2018): 2015-2027.
Martinez, Oscar J. "The Dynamics of Border Interaction: New approaches to border analysis." Global Boundaries. (London: Routledge, 2002), pp. 1-15.
Martinez, Oscar J. Border boom town: Ciudad Juárez since 1848. (Texas: University of Texas Press, 1978).
Martinez, Oscar J. Troublesome Border. (Arizona: University of Arizona Press, 2022).
Maswandi, Maswandi. "The Management Of The Border Region In Perspective International Law (Indonesia-Malaysia)." International Asia of Law and Money Laundering (IAML) 1, no. 1 (2022): 13-22.
Migdal, Joel S., and Klaus Schlichte. "Rethinking the state." The Dynamics of States. (London: Routledge, 2016), pp. 11-50.
Mills, Lennox Algernon, Constance M. Turnbull, and D. K. Bassett. "British Malaya 1824-67." Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 33, no. 3 (1960): 191-424.
Muntarbhorn, Vitit, and Vitit Muntarbhorn. "Historical Ambiguity and Territoriality." Challenges of International Law in the Asian Region: An Introduction (2021): 47-60.
Newman, David, and Anssi Paasi. "Fences and neighbours in the postmodern world: boundary narratives in political geography." Progress in Human Geography 22, no. 2 (1998): 186-207.
Newman, David. "On borders and power: A theoretical framework." Journal of Borderlands Studies 18, no. 1 (2003): 13-25.
Prasetya, Dion Maulana, Peggy Puspa Haffsari, and Heavy Nala Estriani. "Identity Matters: Indonesia’s approach towards territorial disputes in South-east Asia." Maritime Affairs: Journal of the National Maritime Foundation of India 16, no. 2 (2020): 89-105.
Prescott, John Robert Victor. Political Frontiers and Boundaries. (London: Routledge, 2014).
Purwanto, Harry, and D. G. Mangku. "Legal Instrument of the Republic of Indonesia on Border Management Using the Perspective of Archipelagic State." International Journal of Business, Economics and Law 11, no. 4 (2016): 51-59.
Puryanti, Lina, and Sarkawi B. Husain. "A people-state negotiation in a borderland; A case study of the Indonesia-Malaysia frontier in Sebatik Island." Wacana, Journal of the Humanities of Indonesia 13, no. 1 (2011): 105-120.
Rachmawati, Iva, and Machya Astuti Dewi. "Nationalism in Border Community: Temajuk, Sambas District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia." Journal of Nationalism, Memory & Language Politics 15, no. 2 (2021): 210-229.
Rachmawati, Iva, and Machya Astuti Dewi. "Paradiplomacy Roles in Border Diplomacy. Case Study: Camar Bulan, Temajok, West Kalimantan, Indonesia." Politics 1, no. 1 (2015): 103-122.
Republic of Indonesia. Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 43 of 2008 concerning State Territory.
Rizki, Muhammad, and Agustina Merdekawati. "The Significance of Boundary Construction at Land Border between Indonesia–Malaysia in Temajuk Village, Sambas Regency as Manifestations of Indonesia’s Sovereignty." KnE Social Sciences (2018): 405-423.
Salleh, Asri, Che Hamdan Che Mohd Razali, and Kamaruzaman Jusoff. "Malaysia’s policy towards its 1963-2008 territorial disputes." Journal of Law and Conflict Resolution 1, no. 5 (2009): 107-116.
Salleh, Asri. "Dispute resolution through third party mediation: Malaysia and Indonesia." Intellectual Discourse 15, no. 2 (2007): 147-165.
Samekto, FX. Adji. Negara dalam Dimensi Hukum Internasiona. (Bandung: Citra Aditya Bhakti, 2009).
Scott, David. "Indonesia grapples with the Indo-Pacific: Outreach, strategic discourse, and diplomacy." Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 38, no. 2 (2019): 194-217.
Shaw, Malcolm N. "Territory in international law." Netherlands Yearbook of International Law 13 (1982): 61-91.
Siregar, Chairil Nur, Sutiadi Rahmansyah, and Epin Saepudin. "Ancaman Keamanan Nasional di Wilayah Perbatasan Indonesia: Studi Kasus Pulau Sebatik dan Tawau (Indonesia-Malaysia)." Jurnal Pemikiran dan Penelitian Sosiologi 4, no. 1 (2019): 27-39.
Spaan, Ernst, Ton Van Naerssen, and Gerard Kohl. "Re‐imagining borders: Malay identity and Indonesian migrants in Malaysia." Tijdschrift voor economische en sociale geografie 93, no. 2 (2002): 160-172.
Starke, J. G. "The Acquisition of Territorial Sovereignty by Newly Emerged States." The Australian Year Book of International Law Online 2, no. 1 (1968): 9-15.
Sulaeman, Achdijat. "Analisis Diplomasi Indonesia–Malaysia Dalam Masalah Perbatasan." Populis: Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora 3, no. 1 (2018): 623-634.
Suwartiningsih, Sri, David Samiyono, and Daru Purnomo. "Harmonisasi Sosial Masyarakat Perbatasan Indonesia-Malaysia." Jurnal Hubungan Internasional 7, no. 1 (2018): 1-10.
Tarling, Nicholas. "British policy in the Malay Peninsula and Archipelago 1824-1871." Journal of the Malayan Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society 30, no. 3 (1957): 179-228.
Tjilen, Alexander P., and Ransta L. Lekatompessy. "Border Area Security Policy in Geopolitical and Geostrategic Perspective." International Joined Conference on Social Science (ICSS 2021). Atlantis Press, 2021.
Ullah, AKM Ahsan, and Asiyah Az-Zahra Ahmad Kumpoh. "Are borders the reflection of international relations? Southeast Asian borders in perspective." Journal of Asian Security and International Affairs 5, no. 3 (2018): 295-318.
Wain, Barry. "Latent danger: Boundary disputes and border issues in Southeast Asia." Southeast Asian Affairs 2012, no. 1 (2012): 38-60.