Hate Speech and the Freedom Discourse
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Published
Jan 31, 2022
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Abstract
Hate speech accompanies intellectual freedom in new media. In the context of Indonesia, this phenomenon is very important during a political event such as legislative elections, presidential election, or elections of regional head. Since the 2014 presidential election, the term 'haters' was widely known, titled people with golden messages hateful to certain people or groups. Especially for netizens (youth users) - the Y and Z generation, the practice of communication with these hate messages should receive special attention. In addition to the heir of the nation, this is what coloring cyberspace now. They are native to the digital world (digital native). They are aware of the right to speak and express but understand that the online realm is the public domain inherent in normative responsibility. This paper reviews efforts to send hate messages through hate speech legislation (Hate Speech) laws and how ITE laws against hate speech acts.
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Mathias, J., & Blessica, R. (2022). Hate Speech and the Freedom Discourse. Indonesia Media Law Review, 1(1), 1-22. https://doi.org/10.15294/imrev.v1i1.56673
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
References
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Wijayanto, Agus. "Ketidaksantunan Berbahasa: Penggunaan Bahasa Kekerasan di Sinetron Bertema Kehidupan Remaja." Thesis. (Surakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, 2014).
Ali, Achmad. Menjelajahi Kajian Empiris Terhadap Hukum. (Yarsif Watampone, Jakarta, 1998).
Arofah, Kurnia. "Rhetorical Analysis of Hate Speech: Case Study of Hate Speech Related to Ahok’s Religion Blasphemy Case." Mediator: Jurnal Komunikasi 11, No. 1 (2018): 91-105.
Barlett, Christopher P., et al. "Social media use as a tool to facilitate or reduce cyberbullying perpetration: A review focusing on anonymous and nonanonymous social media platforms." Violence and Gender 5, No. 3 (2018): 147-152.
Bartlett, Jamie. The Dark Net: Inside the Digital Underworld. (New York: Melvile House Publishing, 2015).
Budiman, Ahmad. "Berita bohong (hoax) di media sosial dan pembentukan opini publik." Majalah Info Singkat Pemerintahan dalam Negeri Isu Aktual 9, No. 1 (2017): 17-20.
Chaer, Abdul. Linguistik Umum. (Jakarta: PT. Rineka Cipta, 2007).
Cio, Hari. “Konsep Social Network-Jejaring Sosial”, Online
Delgado, Richard, and Jean Stefancic. Must we defend Nazis?: hate speech, pornography, and the new first amendment. (New York: NYU Press, 1997).
Doly, Denico. "Pengaturan penyebaran ujaran kebencian dan isu sara ditinjau dari hukum konstitusi." Info Singkat Hukum 9, No. 17 (2017): 1-4.
Faridah, Siti, and Jerico Mathias. "Politisasi Agama Pemecah Keutuhan Bangsa dalam Pemilu. Seminar Nasional Hukum Universitas Negeri Semarang 4, No. 3 (2018): 489-506.
Gagliardon, et.al. Countering Online Hate Speech. (Paris: UNESCO Publishing, 2014).
Ghanea, Nazila. "Expression and Hate Speech in the ICCPR: Compatible or Clashing?." Religion & Human Rights 5, No. 2-3 (2010): 171-190.
Hare, Ivan, and James Weinstein, eds. Extreme speech and democracy. (Oxford University Press, USA, 2009).
Weinstein, James, and Ivan Hare. "General introduction: free speech, democracy, and the suppression of extreme speech past and present." Extreme speech and democracy. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009).
Howard, Jeffrey W. "Free speech and hate speech." Annual Review of International Crisis Group. Kenya in crisis. No. 137. (International Crisis Group, 2008).
Komisi Nasional HAM. Buku Saku Penanganan Ujaran Kebencian (Hate Speech). (Jakarta: Komisi Nasional Hak Asasi Manusia Republik Indonesia, 2015).
Mangantibe, Veisy. "Ujaran Kebencian dalam Surat Edaran Kapolri Nomor: Se/6/X/2015 tentang Penanganan Ucapan Kebencian (Hate Speech)." Lex Crimen 5, No. 1 (2016).
Manihuruk, Nandri Kanisius. "Sekolah Cepat Edukasi Hukum Media Sosial (SEPAT KASIH MEDSOS), Edukasi Pencegahan, Pengawasan dan Penindakan Kejahatan Ujaran Kebencian Melalui Media Sosial." Lex Scientia Law Review 2, No. 1 (2018): 93-104.
Mathias, Jerico. "Hate Speech and Its Threat to Law Enforcement." The Indonesian Journal of International Clinical Legal Education 3, No. 1 (2021): 15-26.
Matteucci, Riccarda. "Communication in the Multicultural Classroom: A Challenge in Twenty-First Century Education." Paradoxes in Education. (SensePublishers, Rotterdam, 2017), pp. 147-168.
Mchangama, Jacob. "The problem with hate speech laws." The Review of Faith & International Affairs 13, No. 1 (2015): 75-82.
Nugoho, Alois A. Komunikasi dan Demokrasi: Esai-esai Etika Komunikasi Politik. (Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2016).
Nugroho, Alois A. "Media Ethics in Inter-Religious Communication." Social Ethics in Inter-Religious Interaction: 89 (Geneva: Globethics, 2015).
Republic of Indonesia. Undang-undang Negara Republik Indonesia No 12 Tahun 2005 Tentang Pengesahan International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (Kovenan Internasional Tentang Hak-Hak Sipil Dan Politik). (Jakarta: Sekretariat Negara, 2005).
Republic of Indonesia. Undang-undang Negara Republik Indonesia Nomor 11 Tahun 2008 tentang Informasi dan Transaksi Elektronik. (Jakarta: Sekretariat Negara, 2008).
Sahariyanto, Budi. Tindak Pidana Teknologi Informasi (Cybercrime) Urgensi Pengaturan dan Celah Hukumnya. (Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2012).
Sudaryanto Sudaryanto. Metode dan Aneka Teknik Analisis Bahasa: Pengantar Penelitian Wahana Kebudayaan secara Linguistis. (Yogyakarta: Sanata Dharma University Press, 2015).
Sudaryanto, Sudaryanto, Hermanto Hermanto, and Ellinia Ika Gustiani. "Media sosial sebagai sarana pembinaan bahasa Indonesia di era digital." Kode: Jurnal Bahasa 8, No. 4 (2019).
Suhariyanto, Budi. Tindak Pidana Teknologi Informasi (Cybercrime). (Jakarta: Raja Grafindo Persada, 2014).
Tashandra, Nabilla. "Wahid Institute: Ahok Juga Jadi Korban Aksi Hate Speech”, KOMPAS, < https://nasional.kompas.com/read/2016/02/23/18081971/Wahid.Institute.Ahok.Juga.Jadi.Korban.Aksi.Hate.Speech.?page=all>, 2016.
Utami, Winda Wana, and Darmaiza Darmaiza. "Hate Speech, Agama, dan Kontestasi Politik di Indonesia." Indonesian Journal of Religion and Society 2, No. 2 (2020): 113-128.
Weber, Anne. Manual on hate speech. (Council of Europe, 2009).
Whillock, Rita Kirk, and David Slayden. Hate speech. (SAGE Publications, Inc., Thousand Oaks CA, 1995).
Whillock, Rita Kirk, and R. E. Denton. "Ethical considerations of civil discourse: The implications of the rise of ‘hate speech’." Political communication ethics: An oxymoron (2000): 75-90.
Widhiyanti, Hanif Nur. "Ahok, blasphemy or hate speech: An international legal analysis." Culture and International Law. (CRC Press, 2019), pp. 205-218.
Wijayanto, Agus. "Ketidaksantunan Berbahasa: Penggunaan Bahasa Kekerasan di Sinetron Bertema Kehidupan Remaja." Thesis. (Surakarta: Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta, 2014).