Life Science

Daftar Isi Life Science 12 (2) 2023

Life Science — Tue, 28 Nov 2023 18:43:45 +0700

Daftar Isi Life Science Edisi 12 (2) 2023: November

Bioakumulasi Logam Besi (Fe) dan Seng (Zn) pada Ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos) di Keramba Jaring Tancap Kelurahan Tanjung Mas, Semarang

Alfira Arza, Nana Kariada Tri Martuti — Tue, 28 Nov 2023 18:47:14 +0700

Heavy metal contamination can cause a decrease in the quality of the aquatic environment which will have an impact on the quality of milkfish farmed in stick-net cages (KJT) by the local community. This Study aimed to analyze the Fe and Zn content in water and their bioaccumulation in Chanos chanos cultivated at KJT Tanjung Mas, Semarang. This research was conducted using explorative methods. The samples were taken by a random purposive sampling. Analysis of the content of heavy metals Fe and Zn in water samples and milkfish meat by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results of the three research stations showed that the concentration of Fe in water was 0.0270 – 0.0367 mg/L and Zn was in the range of 0.0050 – 0.0077 mg/L. The content of Fe and Zn in the waters of Tanjung Mas still in accordance with the quality standards of the Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia. The content of Fe contained in milkfish meat is 15.487 – 18.893 mg/kg, which exceeds the limit set by SNI (2009). The Zn content in milkfish meat is 11,504 – 12,568 mg/kg, which is below the limits of food security regulation in Ditjend POM. The conclusion of this study is that the heavy metal content of Fe and Zn in KJT Tanjung Mas waters and the heavy metal content of Zn in milkfish meat are below the threshold, while the heavy metal content of Fe in milkfish meat has exceeded the threshold.

Kombinasi Pakan Limbah Kulit Pisang dan Kulit Ari Kedelai terhadap Bobot Larva Hermetia illucens (BSF) dan Indeks Pengurangan Sampah

rida nur afifah, Dyah Rini Indriyanti, Priyantini Widiyaningrum, Ning Setiati — Tue, 28 Nov 2023 18:49:49 +0700

Hermetia illucens, often called BSF larvae, is an insect that has a high enough protein content so that it becomes an alternative animal feed that fulfills a high and quality protein source for animal feed. Bioconversion that utilizes organic materials by involving living organisms. Utilization of waste materials from banana peels and soybean husks as feed media for BSF larvae. This study aims to analyze the results of feeding a combination of banana peels and soybean epidermis on weight, waste reduction index and protein and fat content in BSF larvae. This study used an experimental method with the RAL technique (completely randomized design) with five treatments and four repetitions A : 100% banana peel waste, B : 75% banana peel + 25% soybean husk, C : 50% epidermis + 50% peel banana, D : 25% banana peel + 25% soybean epidermis, E : 100% soybean epidermis using 2kg of feed medium for each treatment. The results showed that the heaviest final weight was in treatment D (25% banana peel and 75% soybean epidermis) with an average final larval weight of 0.15 grams, the waste reduction index was 3.78%/day. The highest protein content in this study was in treatment A (100% banana peel) namely 48.97% and the highest fat content was in treatment D (25% banana peel and 75% soybean husk) namely 32.69%.

Analisis Perbandingan Kadar Hemoglobin, Jumlah dan Struktur Eritrosit pada Lima Kelas Vertebrata

Tue, 28 Nov 2023 18:54:27 +0700

The size, shape of cells, number of erythrocytes and hemoglobin content between each class of animal can be different. This study aims to examine the comparison of hemoglobin levels, number and structure of erythrocytes in five classes of vertebrates. The animal blood used in this study consisted of five species representing each class, namely Clarias batrachus representing the pisces, Bufo sp. represents the amphibian, Varanus salvator represents the reptile, Columba livia represents the aves, and Mus musculus represents the mammal. Hemoglobin levels were tested using the Sahli method, while the number and structure of erythrocytes used a hemocytometer and Neubauer counting chamber which were observed under a microscope with a magnification of 40x10. The results showed that hemoglobin levels in Clarias batrachus, Bufo sp., Varanus salvator, Columba livia, and Mus musculus were 3.8 g/dl, 6.8 g/dl, 10.4 g/dl, 10 .8 g/dl, and 8.2 g./dl. The number of erythrocytes was 780,000/mm³, 320,000/mm³, 1,900,000/mm³, 3,270,000/mm³, and 3,960,000/mm³, respectively. In terms of erythrocyte structure, it was found that Clarias batrachus has a round structure with a nucleus, Bufo sp., Varanus salvator, and Columba livia have an oval shape with a nucleus, while Mus musculus has a biconcave disc shape without a nucleus. The conclusion of this study shows that the highest hemoglobin levels are found in Columba livia and the lowest in Clarias batrachus. The highest number of erythrocytes was found in Mus musculus, and the lowest in Bufo sp. All erythrocytes in the vertebrate class have a nucleus, except in mammals

Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Kulit Ari Kedelai terhadap Pertumbuhan Burung Puyuh (Cortunix-cortunix japonica)

Tue, 28 Nov 2023 18:57:21 +0700

Soybean hulls is a solid waste from the tempe industry. Utilization of soybean epidermis has not been done optimally. Soybean hulls contains isoflavone compounds and crude protein which are expected to be utilized in quail feed. This study aims to examine the effect of feeding with soybean hulls at different concentrations on the growth of quail. The research was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 8 replications. The research material used 32 laying quails aged 42 days. Feed treatment with the addition of soybean epidermis consisted of P0 (without soybean hulls), P1 (7.5% addition of soybean hulls), P2 (10.5% addition of soybean hulls), and P3 (13.5% addition of soybean hulls). Parameters observed consisted of feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion. The research data were analyzed using ANOVA, if it had a significant effect it was continued with the BNJ test (5%). The results of the analysis of variance showed that the addition of soybean hulls had a significant effect on feed consumption and body weight gain, but had no significant effect on feed conversion. It can be concluded that the addition of soybean husk as much as 7.5% is still effective in increasing weekly feed consumption and is able to provide the best feed conversion value.

Inovasi Pemeliharaan Masal (Mass Rearing) Corcyra cephalonica (Lepidoptera : Pyralidae) untuk Pakan Alternatif Burung Walet Aerodramus fuciphagus (Apodiformis : Apodidae)

Nur Damayanti, Rosichon Ubaidillah, Bambang Priyono, Margareta Rahayuningsih — Tue, 28 Nov 2023 19:00:35 +0700

Swiftlets (Aerodramus fuciphagus) are small flying insectivorous birds and can make nests from their saliva. White swiftlets nests have very high economic value as food and are beneficial for health. Environmental factors are driving the emergence of feed innovation, namely mass rearing activities. The insects used in this study is the rice moth (Corcyra cephalonica). The purpose of this study is to analyze the innovation of mass rearing using bran, rice, and milled corn as feed media to influence the laying and life cycle of C. cephalonica. In this study using 3 feed media namely rice, bran, and milled corn using 4 treatments with different compositions 3 repetitions. The data analysis used in this study is a quantitative description. The data obtained were analyzed by statistical test Independent Sample t-Test. After being tested with statistically C. cephalonica egg production which had a significant difference, namely in treatments 2 (P2) with 3 (P3) and 4 (P4). The innovation of the feed media in treatment 2 had an effect on egg production, but the innovation of the three feed media had no effect on the life cycle of C. cephalonica, so the feed media that should be used as a feed innovation for Aerodramus fuciphagus is treatment 2, namely a combination of feed using corn (25%), bran (25%), and rice (50%) because they can produce more eggs than other treatments.

Efektivitas Ekstrak Daun Kelor Merah sebagai Usaha Preventif terhadap Perkembangan Sel B (SDF-1) dan Sel Granulosit (Gr-1) pada Mencit Balb/c yang diinjeksi Salmonella typhi

Maria Magdalena Riyaniarti Estri Wuryandari, Hartati Tuna — Tue, 28 Nov 2023 19:02:55 +0700

An infection caused by Salmonella typhi can cause a reaction to DNA damage, causing a delay in the cell cycle, either temporarily or permanently, and can also cause cell death and a permanent delay in the cell cycle, causing a decrease in the self-renewal ability of haematopoetic stem cells, causing continued damage. in hematopoietic cells. Improving the immune system in the body can be done by administering synthetic drugs in the form of antibiotics or giving herbal supplements. Red Moringa has the ability as an immunostimulant and immunomodulator. The research aims to determine the effectiveness of Moringa leaf extract on the expression of B cell and granulocyte cell development due to exposure to Salmonella Typhi. The research design used experimental research using treatment groups and non-treatment groups in mice injected with salmonella typhi. Data from flow cytometry were analyzed using BD Cellquest ProTM software (%) and first transformed using arc sin transformation. The arc sin transformation results were analyzed using one-way ¬ANOVA at a confidence level of 95% (α=0.05). Data are presented in the form of mean ± standard error (SE). The results of this research, the Moringa leaf extract dose of 42mg/BW is an effective dose to restore the relative number of B cells and granulocyte cells to normal conditions.

Viabilitas Oospora Peronospora manshurica Asal Kacang Kedelai (Glycine max) Impor Berdasarkan Perbedaan Suhu Inkubasi

Muhammad Sunariya, Siti Khotimah, Ngaisatul Lutfiyah — Tue, 28 Nov 2023 19:05:55 +0700

Soybean (Glycine max) is the highest imported commodity entering West Kalimantan which has the potential to carry pathogens such as Peronospora manshurica. P. manshurica is a pathogen on soybean plants that causes downy mildew disease which can reduce the productivity of soybean plants. This fungus can spread with propagules in the form of oospores and mycelium on the seed coat like a grayish-white crust which can live if environmental conditions are suitable, such as temperature factors. The purpose of this study was to determine the viability of P. manshurica oospores tested with Triphenyl Tetrazolium Chloride based on differences in incubation temperature. This study used 240 symptomatic soybean seeds which were given three levels of incubation temperature treatment at 20^oC, 30^oC and 40^oC with 8 repetitions using a completely randomized design. The oospore viability values were analyzed by one way ANOVA showing there were significant differences in each treatment. The viability values of live oospores obtained were 28.21% at 20^oC, 17.06% at 30^oC and 7.6% at 40^oC. The highest viability value of live oospores was obtained at 20^oC and showed that the higher the incubation temperature, the lower the viability value of P. manshurica oospores.

Non-Ribosomal Inhibition of The Antibacterial Compound from Ethanol Extract of Gnetii gnemon

Indra Lasmana Tarigan, Afidatul Muadifah, Madyawati Latief — Tue, 28 Nov 2023 19:10:29 +0700

Melinjo (Gnetii gnemonii Folium) is a plant species originating from Peninsular Malaysia and Indonesia, known that contain several bioactive compounds that can be utilized as antibacterial agent. The aims of this study to analyze the profile of the melinjo leaf (Gnetii gnemonii Folium) bioactive compound which has an antimicrobial function by inhibiting the growth of S. aureus and activity in Ribosomal expression. The profile analysis of bioactive compound of melinjo leaf was carried out by screening phytochemical study, HPLC and analysis of antibacterial activity was carried out using turbidimetry method against Bacillus cereus (Bc), Escherichia coli (Ec), and Staphylococcus aureus (Sa). The ethanol extract of melinjo leaves contains tannins, saponins, alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, with the highest levels being flavonoids 67,117ppm. Analysis of bacterial growth using OD600 showed relatively lower antibacterial activity compared to control. The identification of RNA expression showed that the antibacterial compound of melinjo leaf extract did not have inhibition activity through the ribosome pathway it was thought to have an antibacterial mechanism through non-ribosomal inhibition of bacteria.

Sinergisme Isolat Potensial Biofertilizer Bacillus cereus yang Dikonsorsiumkan

Muhammad Fajar, Siti Khotimah, Rahmawati Rahmawati — Tue, 28 Nov 2023 19:13:02 +0700

A consortium of microorganisms is a mixture of microbial populations in the form of a community that has cooperative, commensal, and mutualistic relationships. Naturally, bacteria are able to communicate with each other. The relationship between bacteria can have a synergistic relationship if the substrate is sufficient and the bacteria do not inhibit each other's growth. In this study, Bacillus cereus isolates SP1, SP2, and SP3 isolated from Sungai Ambawang peatland, Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan will be consorted. The purpose of this study was to determine the synergism of three strains of Bacillus cereus bacteria. All isolates tested for synergism against other isolates showed no inhibition zone at the intersection between isolates. This means that each isolate can synergize with one another. The synergism test results show that three strains of Bacillus cereus bacteria can synergize in the manufacture of biofertilizers.

Aktivitas Imunostimulan Daun Elaeocarpus grandiflorus terhadap Jumlah Leukosit dan Histologi Limpa Tikus yang Diinduksi SDMD

Nugrahaningsih WH, Eny Susanti, Mutiara Diah Nisa — Tue, 28 Nov 2023 19:15:45 +0700

The aim of this study was to examine the activity of various doses of E. grandiflorus leaf extract on the number of leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes and histological features of the spleen in male rats induced by sheep red blood cells (SRBC). 25 rats were divided into 5 groups. The negative control was given 1% Na.CMC, the positive control was given an immunostimulant drug, and the three treatment groups received doses of 100mg/kg, 200mg/kg, and 400mg/kg. Oral treatment for 7 days. SRBC was injection on the 8^th day. On the 13th day termination was carried out. The average leukocyte results were 6.54x10³ cells/μL (K−), 6.22x10³ cells/μL (K+), 10.8x10³ cells/μL (P1), 10.98x10³ cells/μL (P2), and 11.2x10³cells/μL (P3). The results of the number of lymphocytes have a percentage of 44% (KN), 50% (KP), 45% (P1), 52% (P2), and 50% (P3). The neutrophil count results were 44.3% (K−), 35% (K+), 37.4% (P1), 30.4% (P2), and 31.9% (P3). The results of the white pulp diameter measurements had an average of 418.0 µm (K-), 440.8 µm (K+), 471.2 µm (P1), 489.8 µm (P2), and 422.0 µm (P3). The averages obtained from germinal center measurements were as follows 252.1 (K-), 225.8 (K+), 212.8 (P1), 216.3 (P2), and 198.4 (P3). ANOVA showed no significant white pulp diameter difference (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the immunostimulatory activity test on rejasa extract on the parameters of leukocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes had a normal average number. Meanwhile, administration of rejasa extract to the spleen histology have no significant immunostimulating activity.