Examining the Relationship between Social Modelling and Physical Activities Involvement
Keywords:
Physical Activity; Social Modelling;
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the relationship between social modeling and children’s involvement in physical activities (CIPA) involvement. Descriptive-correlation analysis was utilized to determine the respondents’ profile and the CIPA. Correlation analyses were used to examine relationships between key variables, modelling, and CIPA among 200 randomly selected Grades 1 to 6 pupils in selected randomly private and public schools in the Division of Iligan City. Likert Scale and Inferential Statistics were used to measure the level of self-reported responses. Results showed that all the models influenced the PA, coach ranked first with 88.5% most influential, while peers ranked second 83.5%, parents ranked third 77%, while the lowest influence were teachers 59% which could mean that coach had the highest influence, while teachers were the least influential models. Furthermore, among all the models, Coach Modelling had the closest relationship with the PA involvement. Surprisingly, parents who were supposed to be the first models at home, were not that influential on CIPA because they were too busy doing other things at home or outside their homes, not sports and physical activities.
References
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Rickwood, G. 2015. The Status of Daily Physical Activity in Northern Ontario’s Elementary Public Schools. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 3 (2): 136-149. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1054964.pdf
Sison et al. 2018. Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Relation to Socio-Demographic Profile of the Life Course Study in Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology Study (LIFECARE) Philippine Cohort. Acta Medica Phillippina, 48 (2): 62-69. https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.v48i2.1165
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Wiese-Bjornstal, D.M., LaVoi, N.M. & Omli, J. 2009. Child and Adolescent Development and Sport Participation (in Sport Psychology page 97-112). Wiley-Blackwell Online Books. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1002/9781444303650.ch10
Alberico, C.O., Schipperijn, J. & Reis, R.S. 2017. Use of Global Positioning System of Physical Activity Research in Youth: ESPACOS Adolescentes, Brazil. Preventive Medicine, 103: 59-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.12.026
Allen, J.O., Griffith, D.M. & Gaines, H.C. 2013. “She Looks Out for the Meals, Period” African American Men’s Perceptions of How Their Wives Influence Their Eating Behavior and Dietary Health. Health Psychology, 32 (4): 447-455. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0028361
Allen, J.B. 2018. Social Motivation in Youth Sport. University of Waikato, Hamilton, New Zealand. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 25: 551-567. http://groups.jyu.fi/sporticus/lahteet/LAHDE_5.pdf
Ashford, B., Biddle, S. & Goudas, M. 1993. Participation in Community Sports Centres: Motives and Predictors of Enjoyment. Journal of Sports Sciences, 11 (3): 249-256. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640419308729992
Bandura, A. 1971. Social Cognitive Theory. New York: General Learning Press. www.asecib.ase.ro/mps/Bandura_SocialLearningTheory.pdf
Benjamin-Neelon, S.E., Neelon, B., Pearce, J., Grossman, E.R., Gonzales-Nahm, S., Slining, M., Duffey, K. & Frost, N. 2018. State Regulations Promoting Infant Physical Activity in Early Care and Education. Childhood Obesity, 14 (6): 368-374. https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/chi.2018.0087
Brewer, B.W. 2009. Handbook of Sports Medicine and Science (Psychological Aspects to Central Sports Performance). USA: Wiley- Blackwell Online Books. https://stillmed.olympics.com/media/Document%20Library/OlympicOrg/IOC/Who-We-Are/Commissions/Medical-and-Scientific-Commission/Handbooks/2009_Brewer.pdf
Coleman & Sebire. 2017. Do People’s Goals for Mass Participation Sporting Events Matter? A Self Determination Theory Perspective” Research Associate. Journal of Public Health (Oxford), 39 (4): 202-208. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.PubMed/27679656/
Coleman, L., Cox, L. & Roker, D. 2008. Girls and Young Women’s Participation in Physical Activity: Psychological and Social Influences. Health Education Research, 23 (4): 633-647. https://doi.org/10.1093/her/cym040
Curtis, H.S. 1915. Education Through Play Early Childhood News. New York: MacMillan.
Efrat, M.W. 2017. Exploring Strategies that Influence Children’s Physical Activity. Contemporary Issues in Education Research, 10 (2): 87-94. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1137696.pdf
Feldman, Robert S. American Journal of Public Health. 1981.
Feldman, R.S. 2003. Development Across the Life Span - 3rd Edition. New Jersey: Upper Saddle River.
Feldman, S. & Gehring, T. 1988. Changing Perceptions of Family Cohesion and Power Across Adolescence. Child Development, 59 (4): 1034-1045. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3168612/.
Huang et al. 2021. A Study on the Perceived Positive Coaching Leadership, Sports Enthusiasm, and Happiness of Boxing Athletes. Sustainability, 13 (13): 7199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13137199
Kutnick, P. 2012. The Relationship of Moral Judgement and Moral Action: Kohlberg’s Theory, Criticism, and Revision. Taylor & Francis Online.
Lopez, A.E.A., Duran, L.F.P., Cajiao, M.C.R. & Jimenez, M.P.F. 2017. Active Learning and Action Research Outside Classroom: Engineering with Social Impact. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2965030
Lytton, H. & Romney, D.M. 1991. Parents’ Differential Socialization of Boys and Girls: A Meta-Analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 109 (2): 267-296. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0033-2909.109.2.267
Marmot, M., Allen, J., Bell, R., Bloomer, E. & Goldblatt, P. 2012. WHO European Review of Social Determinants of Health and the Health Divide. Lancet, 380 (9846): 1011-1029. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(12)61228-8
Moore, P.V., Bennett, K. & Normand, C. 2017. Centre for Health Policy and Management. Trinity College Dublin, Ireland. Social Science and Medicine, 184: 1-14. http://www.tara.tcd.ie/bitstream/handle/2262/80086/Moore%202017%20PTD.pdf?sequence=1
Morris, W. 2016. Influence of Teacher Participation on Student Fitness and Student Participation in Physical Education. Doctoral Thesis. North Georgia: Walden University.
Mussen, P.H. & Hetherington, E.M. 1983. Handbook of Child Psychology: Socialization, Personality, and Social Development (pp.103-196). New York: Psychology Press.
National Nutrition Surveillance Center. 2009. Retrieved September 4, 2018.
Pangalangan, R.C. 2011. Looking After Filipino Children. Consuelo Foundation. http://consuelo.org/resources/download/0ade7c2cf97f75d009975f4d720d1fa6c19f4897.pdf
Parten, M.B. 1932. Social Participation among Pre-School Children. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 27 (3): 243–269. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0074524
Petersen, T.L., Moller, L.B., Brond, J.C., Jepsen, R. & Grontved, A. 2020. Association between Parent and Child Physical Activity: A Systematic Review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 17 (67): 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-00966-z
Peura, P., Viholainen, H., Aro, T., Raikkonen, E., Usher, E.L., Sorvo, R., Klassen, R.M. & Aro, M. 2018. Specificity of Reading Self Efficacy among Primary School Children. The Journal of Experimental Education, 87 (4): 1-21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220973.2018.1527279
Rickwood, G. 2015. The Status of Daily Physical Activity in Northern Ontario’s Elementary Public Schools. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 3 (2): 136-149. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1054964.pdf
Sison et al. 2018. Prevalence of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Relation to Socio-Demographic Profile of the Life Course Study in Cardiovascular Disease Epidemiology Study (LIFECARE) Philippine Cohort. Acta Medica Phillippina, 48 (2): 62-69. https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.v48i2.1165
Telford, R.M., Olive, L.S. & Telford, L.D. 2021. A Peer Coach Intervention in Childcare Centres Enhances Early Childhood Physical Activity: the Active Early Learning (AEL) Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 18 (37): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-021-01101-2
Villar, M. 2020. Statute Governing the Special Protection of Children Against Abuse, Exploitation, and Discrimination Act. 15th Congress of the Republic of the Philippines. Republic Act 7610. https://www/senate.gov.ph/lisdata/86167171.pdf.
Wiese-Bjornstal, D.M., LaVoi, N.M. & Omli, J. 2009. Child and Adolescent Development and Sport Participation (in Sport Psychology page 97-112). Wiley-Blackwell Online Books. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1002/9781444303650.ch10
