Comparison of Dietary Supplements Consumption Between Female University and National Team Sports Athletes in Malaysia.
Keywords:
Dietary supplements, athletes, team sports
Abstract
Dietary supplement consumption had already become well known among athletes especially those who were involved in team sports to enhance performances, health benefits, and nutritional strategies. This study aimed to determine the difference in dietary supplement consumption between the female university and national team sports athletes in Malaysia. The Dietary Supplement Questionnaire was used to compare the participants’ dietary supplements usage and it was distributed online via a Google Form. Results from this study showed there was no significant difference in the usage of individual vitamins/minerals. However, based on frequency, the usage of vitamin C was the most popular among these groups. Next, there was a significant difference in the usage of protein powder (t = -2.435, df = 61, p <0.018) and, creatine (t = -2.192, df = 61, p <0.032) between the female university and national athletes. After that, there was a significant difference in usage of other supplements and sports aid which was fish oil/omega 3 (t = -1.466, df = 61, p < 0.032). The national athletes showed higher consumption of dietary supplements compared to the university athletes due to their higher level of competition, energy requirement, and long-time of training.
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Performance of Student-Athletes in Ghanaian Public Universities. IISTE Journal of
Education and Practice. 6. Journal of Education and Practice ISSN 2222-1735
Balaravi, B., Chin, M.Q., Karppaya, H., Chai, W.J., Samantha, Q.L.W., & Ramadas, A.
(2017). Knowledge and Attitude Related to Nutritional Supplements and Risk of
Doping among National Elite Athletes in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of
Nutrition. 23.
Baltazar-Martins, G., Brito de Souza, D., Aguilar-Navarro, M., Muñoz-Guerra, J., Plata,
M. D. M., & Del Coso, J. (2019). Prevalence and patterns of dietary supplement
use in elite spanish athletes. Journal of the International Society of Sports
Nutrition, 16(1), 30. doi:10.1186/s12970-019-0296-5
Elias, S.S.M., Saad, H.A., Taib, M.N.M & Jamil, Z. (2017). Effects of Sports Nutrition
Education on Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Sports Nutrition and
Nutritional Status Among Elite Male Athletes in Malaysia.
El Khoury, D., Dwyer, JJM., Fein, L., Brauer, P., Brennan, S., & Alfaro, I. (2019).
Understanding the Use of Dietary Supplements among Athlete and Non-Athlete
University Students: Development and Validation of a Questionnaire. doi:
10.3390/sports7070166
Erdman, K. A., Fung, T. S., Doyle, B. P. K., Verhoef, M. J., & Remier, R. A. (2007).
Dietary supplementation of high-performance Canadian athletes by age and gender.
Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine : Official Journal of the Canadian Academy of
Sport Medicine, 17(6):458-464 doi: 10.1097/jsm.0b013e31815aed33
Fink, H.A & Miskeky, A.E. (2015) Introduction to sports nutrition. In Fink, H.A, &
Mikesky, A.E. Practical applications in sports nutrition (4th ed, pp. 46). United
States of America. Jones & Bartlett Learning
Forde, D. R. C. (2021). Scoring the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Trinity College Dublin.
Garthe, I. (2017). Athletes and Supplements: Prevalence and Perspectives International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 2017, 28, 126-138 doi.: 10.1123/ijsnem.2017-0429
Jenner, S. L., Buckley, G. L., Belski, R., Devlin, B. L., & Forsyth, A. K. (2019). Dietary Intakes of Professional and Semi-Professional Team Sport Athletes Do Not Meet Sport Nutrition Recommendations-A Systematic Literature Review. Nutrients, 11(5), 1160. doi. : 10.3390/nu11051160
Keat, L.L., Hazizi, A.S., & Phing, C.H. (2017) . Intake of nutritional ergogenic aids among Malaysian team sport athletes. International Research Journal of Education and Sciences, 1 (1). pp. 40-46. ISSN 2550-2158
Kessler, S. (2021, May 19). What Age Range is Considered a Young Adult? | Cake Blog. Cake.
Knapik, JJ., Steelman, RA., Hoedebecke, SS., Austin, KG,, Farina, EK., & Lieberman, HR. (2016). Prevalence of Dietary Supplement Use by Athletes: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med. 2016 Jan;46(1):103-123. doi: 10.1007/s40279-015-0387-7.
Maughan, R.J., Burke, L.M., Dvorak. J., Meyer. D.E., Peeling. P., Phillips, S.M., Rawson, E.S., Walsh, N.P., Garthe, I., Geyer, H., Meeusen, R., Loon, L.J.C., Shirreffs, S.M., Spriet, L.L., Stuart, M., Vernec, A., Currell, K., Ali, V.M., Budgett, R.G., Ljungqvist, A., Mountjoy, M., Pitsiladis, Y.P., Soligard, T., Erdener, U., & Engebretsen, L. IOC Consensus Statement: Dietary Supplements and The High-Performance Athlete. Br J Sports Med. 2018 Apr;52(7):439-455. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099027.
Mustafa, M.A. Awang, N.A, & Nadzalan, A. (2017). Nutritional supplement intake
knowledge among university active graduates. Journal of Fundamental and Applied Science. 9. 1378-1388. 10.4314. doi: 10.4314/jfas.v9i6s.102.
Muwonge H, Zavuga R, Kabenge PA, Makubuya T. Nutritional supplement practices of professional Ugandan athletes: a cross-sectional study. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 2017 Nov 13;14:41. doi: 10.1186/s12970-017-0198-3. PMID: 29158725; PMCID: PMC5683315.
Nabuco, H. C. G., Rodrigues, V. B., Barros, W. M. D., Ravagnani, F. C. D. P., Espinosa, M. M., & Ravagnani, C. D. F. C. (2017). Use of dietary supplements among Brazilian athletes. Revista de Nutrição, 30(2), 163–173. doi.: 10.1590/1678-98652017000200002
Navarro, A.M., Muñoz, J., Plata, M.D.M., Del Coso J. (2018). Validation of a questionnaire to study the prevalence of nutritional supplements used by elite Spanish athletes. Nutr Hosp. 2018 Dec 3;35(6):1366-1371. Spanish. doi: 10.20960/nh.1851.
Noutsos, K. S. (2015). Dietary Supplement Intake in Greek Team Sports Athletes. Journal of Athletic Enhancement, 04(01). doi.: 10.4172/2324-9080.1000186
Rachel E.R. (2020). Club Athletes: Dietary Supplement Use and How the Registered Dietitian Can Better Serve this Population. All Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 7757. doi: 10.26076/884w-9y63
Renard, M., Kelly, D. T., Chéilleachair, N. N., & Catháin, C. Ó. (2021). How Does the Dietary Intake of Female Field-Based Team Sport Athletes Compare to Dietary Recommendations for Health and Performance? A Systematic Literature Review. Nutrients, 13(4). doi: 10.3390/nu13041235
Samarathunga, N., & Weerakoon, B. (2020). Dietary supplement intake and associated awareness among athletes in a university community in Sri Lanka. Journal of Medical and Allied Sciences. doi: 10.18.10.5455/jmas.73671.
Sánchez-Oliver, AJ., Domínguez, R., López-Tapia, P., Tobal, FM., Jodra, P., Montoya, JJ., Guerra-Hernández, EJ., & Ramos-Álvarez, JJ. (2020) . A Survey on Dietary Supplement Consumption in Amateur and Professional Rugby Players. doi: 10.3390/foods10010007.
Sassone, J., Muster, M., Barrack, M.T. Prevalence and Predictors of Higher-Risk Supplement Use Among Collegiate Athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2019 Feb;33(2):443-450. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002979.
Schoenfeld, B. J., Aragon, A. A., & Krieger, J. W. (2017). Office of Dietary Supplements - Dietary Supplements for Exercise and Athletic Performance. National Institutes of Health.
Stuart, M., Vernec, A., Currell, K., Ali, V.M., Budgett, R.G., Ljungqvist, A., Mountjoy, M., Pitsiladis, Y.P., Soligard, T., Erdener, U., & Engebretsen, L. IOC Consensus Statement: Dietary Supplements and The High-Performance Athlete. Br J Sports Med. 2018 Apr;52(7):439-455. doi: 10.1136/bjsports-2018-099027.
Sulaiman, A. (2016). Use of Energy Drinks Among College Students in Saudi Arabia. American Journal of Sports Science. Volume 4,. Pages: 49-54. 10.11648/j.ajss.20160403.11.
Sung, Y., & Choi, J. (2018). Protein Supplement Usage Among Male University Students: Comparisons Between Current and Previous Users, Journal of the American College of fNutrition, 37:2, 127132, doi: 10.1080/07315724.2017.1370618
Valentine, A. A., Schumacher, J. R., Murphy, J., & Ma, Y. J. (2018). Dietary supplement use, perceptions, and associated lifestyle behaviors in undergraduate college students, student athletes, and ROTC cadets. Journal of American College Health, 66(2), 87–97. doi.: 10.1080/07448481.2017.1377205
Wardenaar FC, Ceelen IJ, Van Dijk JW, Hangelbroek RW, Van Roy L, Van der Pouw B, De Vries JH, Mensink M, Witkamp RF. Nutritional Supplement Use by Dutch Elite and Sub-Elite Athletes: Does Receiving Dietary Counseling Make a Difference? Int J Sport Nutr Exerc Metab. 2017 Feb;27(1):32-42. doi: 10.1123/ijsnem.2016-0157. Epub 2016 Sep 6. PMID: 27615123.
Published
2022-12-15
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