Hoax and Fake News by Saracen Syndicate and the Problems for National Cyber Security

: Along with the times, information technology has taken an important role in society. Information technology not only has a positive impact but also has a negative impact, this is what then gives rise to an idiom that we often hear together, that information technology is like a double-edged knife. On the one hand, with the existence of information technology, it encourages demand for products. the technology itself, such as computers, modems, facilities to build internet networks and so on, then facilitates business transactions, especially financial businesses in addition to other businesses. But on the other hand, the use of information technology also invites crime. Cybercrime is a form of virtual crime by utilizing computer media that is connected to the internet and includes everything related to criminal acts.


I. INTRODUCTION
Information and communication currently allow people to use the internet through personal computers (PCs) or other electronic media anywhere. These conveniences and benefits for humans have provided many conveniences and benefits for humans in their efforts to improve the welfare of mankind. Information and communication technology is currently used by individuals, corporations, governments, and community groups for various human activities, such as education, health, business, government, communication, entertainment, and others. This information and communication are also followed by negative impacts that threaten and endanger the social and economic development of mankind in the world, not only materially but also human lives, for example the threat of attacks on information and communication technology infrastructure facilities that are connected globally, which can harm no one else. only material but also human life.
The crimes that arise in the field of information technology, among others, are data manipulation, espionage, sabotage, provocation, money laundering, hacking, software theft and the most widespread hoax today. 1 According to the big Indonesian dictionary, "hoax" is 'fake news'. In the Oxford English dictionary, 'Hoax' is defined as 'malicious deception' or 'lies made with malicious intent', unfortunately, many social media users define 'Hoaxes' as 'news that I do not like. Hoaks or 'fake news' is not something new, and widely circulated, and has been in circulation since Gutenberg invented the printing press in 1439. Before the internet, 'hoaxes were even more dangerous than they are today because they are difficult to verify. 2 CNN Indonesia even stated that the data presented by the Ministry of Communications and Information Technology stated that there were as many as 800,000 sites in Indonesia which were indicated as spreading fake news and hate speech. The existence of law in society, among others, is to regulate the interests that arise in society, where these interests can conflict with each other. For this reason, the law regulates in such a way that in a traffic, interests do not conflict with each other. The law protects a person by assigning a power to him to act in the context of his interests. The allocation of this power is carried out in a measurable manner in the sense that it is determined by law. Such power is referred to as a right. However, not every power in society can be called a right but rather only certain powers, namely those given by law to a person, this is what is then called legal rights. 4 The public international legal instrument that regulates cyber crime issues that currently receive the most attention is the 2001 Convention on Cyber Crime, which was initiated by the European Union.
Although this convention was originally made by European regional organizations, in its development it is possible to be ratified and accessed by any country in the world that is committed to efforts to overcome cyber crime. From cyber crime, either through law or international cooperation.

II. METHODS
This research is normative juridical research. Sampling was carried out not on people but on library materials, especially those related to information regulations and electronic transactions. The data used is secondary data. Secondary data sourced from library materials, and legal materials. Method of Data Collection by means of identification.
How to identify by collecting library data in the form of archives, official documents, other library data that are closely related to research problems. Library data (secondary data) were analyzed using a combination of deductive and inductive thinking patterns.
The results of data processing are qualitatively analyzed, then analyzed using normative qualitative methods, interpretation methods in legal science, and interpreting data based on theories as mentioned in the literature review.

PERSPECTIVE: INDONESIA & GLOBAL EXPERIENCE
Research on forms of cybercrime has been carried out by Stenford Research International (SRI) in the United States from 1971 to 1985.
The research found 1600 cases that occurred since 1958, as well as public and government reactions to them, including settlements based on civil law. In 1979 SRI obtain more valid data, which states that of the 244 cases that occurred, 191 could be brought to court and the defendants from 161 cases could be convicted. The studies conducted in the 1970s were not able to clearly show the arrangements in criminal law, so they have not been included. into Based on several sources and practices, cybercrime has several characteristics, namely: 1. The act that is carried out is not in accordance with the law and, without rights or is unethical, occurs in the cyber/cyberspace/ territory, so it cannot be ascertained which country's jurisdiction applies to it.
2. Manufacture is done using equipment that is connected to the internet.
3. The act resulted in material loss or not and tended to be greater than conventional crimes 4. Perpetrators are people who understand the use of the internet and its applications 5. These acts are often carried out transnationally/across national borders.
Hoax is an attempt to deceive or trick the reader/hearer into believing something, even though the creator of the fake news knows that the news is fake. One of the most common examples of fake news is claiming an item or event with a different name from the actual item/event. The definition states Hoax is a hoax used to believe something that is wrong and often unreasonable through online media Hoax aims to create public opinion, lead public opinion, shape perceptions also just for fun. The purposes of spreading Hoaxes vary widely but generally speaking, these lies are distributed as jokes or just to play, bring down competitors, fraudulent promotions, or invitations to do good deeds that have no clear argument in them.
People are more likely to believe in hoaxes if the information matches their opinion or attitude. Furthremore, types of hoax information as follows: 1. Fake news News that tries to replace the original news, this news aims to falsify or include untruths in some news. Fake news writers usually add things that are not true and conspiracy theories, the more bizarre, the better. Fake news is not a humorous comment against some news. 7

Clickbait
Links strategically placed on a site with the aim of attracting people to other sites. The content in these links is factual, but the title is exaggerated or has interesting images attached to lure readers. 8

Confirmation bias
The tendency to interpret recent events as well as evidence as a pre-existing belief.

Misinformation
False or inaccurate information, especially those intended to deceive.

Satire
An article that uses humor, irony, exaggeration to comment on current events. Satirical news can be found on television shows such as "Saturday Night Live" and "This Hour has 22 Minutes" 9 6. Post Truth Events where emotions play a role more than facts to shape public opinion. 10 7. Propaganda Activities spreading information, facts, arguments, half-truth gossip, or even lies to influence public opinion.
So, how hoaxes work? According to a psychologist's point of view, there are two things that make a person believe easily against fake news, people tend to believe lies if their information is what they believe various conspiracy theories about satellite photos, then that person will believe because it's a flat earth follower, so tend not to care whether the information he receives is correct or just inventive information. This is then exacerbated if the hoax advocate has poor knowledge of using the internet and cannot learn what he or she can.

INDONESIA
Saracen is a special syndicate that has recently shocked the public, this is because Saracen is one of the syndicates that run a hate speech  Furthremore, how to overcome hoax news? Because the spread of hoaxes is increasingly massive and out of control, an effort is needed to dispel the hoax news, as for steps that can be taken to assist in identifying which news is hoax and which news is genuine.

Be careful with provocative titles
Hoax news often uses provocative sensational titles, for example by directly pointing the finger at a certain party, the contents can also be taken from official media news, but they are changed to create the perception that the hoax maker wants. Therefore, if you encounter news with provocative titles, you should look for references in the form of similar news from official online sites, then compare the contents, whether they are the same or different.
Thus, at least we as readers can get a more balanced conclusion.