Strategy For Youth Interest Enhancement as Effort of Agriculture Revitalizational in Klaten Regency

Article Info ________________ Artikcle History Received December 2017 Accepted February 2018 Published May 2018 ________________


INTRODUCING
Agricultural sector is strategic sector that plays an important role and becomes the driving force of Indonesian economy (Miftakhuriza, 2011).Natural wealth and abundant biodiversity become strong potency for agriculture development in Indonesia.These sectors give contributions such as direct role in providing food availability, play a role in GDP (Gross Domestic Product) formation, giving many job vacancy, play a role in generating foreign exchange and / or foreign exchange savings, and functioning in controlling inflation (Steffani, 2012).
Food is basic human need as well as the essence of human life, therefore the right for food becomes very important part of human rights (Juarini, 2015).The need for foods will continue to increase along with the development of population and as an increase of human living standards.One of the main food granaries in Indonesia is the Province of Central Java where all this time the share of agricultural sector towards the total output is the largest one (Azida, 2017).Agricultural sector became second dominant sector which has given contributions to Central Java economy as much as 15.53% from the total GDP of Central Java.The agricultural sector is sector with the highest number of labor multipliers in Central Java (Mahmudah, 2016).
Central Java as one of the provinces which support food, where rice productivity is preferred to continue to be improved.On of districts which become central rice production in Central Java is Klaten District, known as food buffer districts (Firman, et al., 2013).According to (Prabowo, 2012) Klaten Regency is one of the most famous rice granaries in Indonesia.This is also proved by the main job in Klaten Regency in 2015 which shows that agricultural sector occupies second position after trade as the main job of Klaten Regency.As we know in terms of food, rice is basic necessity of Indonesian society.Like the term which said "if you do not eat rice, means that you have not ate".This term already attached to Indonesian people.So to maintain the availability of food, especially rice, it is necessary for Indonesia to improve farmers' productivity in order to realize security and sovereignty of food.To realize those things (Sumastuti, 2010) explains that good synergy between natural, physical and human resource factors are needed, including land ownership structure, availability of production facilities, human resources and institutions.However, one of the problems of agricultural development in Indonesia is Human Resource (HR) issues such as the lack of ability of farmers, breeders, and planters to utilize advanced technology; limited instructors, and the lowest interest of younger generation to engage in agriculture (Arvianti, et al., 2015).
Research conducted by People's Coalition for Food Sovereignty (KRKP) 2015 entitled "Farmer Regeneration" explained that 70% of young people were not interested in agriculture, especially in rice farming.Agricultural sector is currently viewed as less promising sector compared to other sectors (Maftah & Prajanti, 2016).Those phenomenon is also experienced by Klaten regency which is regeneration crisis in agricultural sector.Klaten Regency has experienced decline in the number of agricultural households which is the largest on in Central Java, i.e. 94,908 households that is described in Agricultural Census in 2013.Source: Agricultural Census of Klaten Regency 2013 Prabowo (2012) states that Provincial government of Central Java predicts that Klaten Regency has big potency to be agropolitan area which is sustainable agriculture-based region so that the agricultural sector can continue to be the leading sector in Klaten Regency.The plan of development priority program of Central Java Province in 2017 also explains that Klaten Regency became one of the target of Agribusiness Sub Terminal (STA) development.Agribusiness development is an appropriate step as an effort to further develop agricultural sector because it can increase harvest by adding value to agricultural products (Fafurida, 2012).In fact, those agricultural potency are not yet able to attract youth interest of Klaten Regency to contribute in agricultural sector.The institution of agriculture instructor of Klaten Regency itself has not been able to influence youth to know more about agriculture sector.In addition, the number of agricultural instructor in Klaten Regency is still small.According to Permentan No. 72 / permentan / OT / 140/10/2011 with 1832 total number of farmer institutions owned by Klaten Regency, the number of instructors currently does not meet the required needs.As leading sector in Klaten Regency, youth interest problem in agricultural sector needs to be given strategic handling for agriculture development in Klaten Regency.In addition, as farmers regeneration that are expected to inherit the skill of Klaten Regency farmers in managing their rice so that it can create sustainability as food buffer of Central Java Province in particular and food selfsufficiency in Indonesia, in general.

RESEARCH METHOD
This research was conducted in Klaten Regency, Central Java with consideration that Klaten Regency has potency in agricultural sector and as food buffer of Central Java.However, Klaten Regency has experienced decline in agricultural labors which is the biggest one in Central Java.The potency of Klaten Regency has not been able to attract youth in agricultural sector.The type of this research was descriptive qualitative research.The data used in this research were primary and secondary data.
Descriptive analysis method in this research was intended to explore information about the condition and obstacles of youth interest enhancement in agriculture sector of Klaten Regency.While the concept of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) According to Saaty in (Prajanti, 2013) to determine the priority of elements in decision problem is by making pairwise comparisons that is each element is compared in pairs against specified criterion.The scale defines and explains values 1 till 9 which have been set as considerations in comparing pairs of similar elements in each hierarchical level against criterion which is in above the level.The paired appeal scales used in AHP compilation to determine alternative priority strategies for youth interest enhancement in agricultural sector.
The variable used in this study was Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) variable i.e. criterion from government policy aspect, human resources, and institutional including there were alternative programs for youth interest enhancement in agriculture sector.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Klaten Regency is one area which has potency in agricultural sector.Its fertile soil makes all sub-districts in Klaten Regency able to produce agriculture, especially in rice crop farming.So that the majority of Klaten Regency population are farmers and farm laborers with the total farmers which entered in SIMPI data (Indonesian Food Management Information System) in early 2018 as many as 83,627 people.Rice harvest is mostly sold by the community.However, there are some regions / sub-districts whose crops are consumed by themselves and the rests are sold.For example, in Bayat sub-district where in this area the majority of their harvest are brought home / consumed by themselves because Bayat is forest-dependent area that only harvest usually once a year.
Here are some obstacles in effort to enhance youth interest in agricultural sector of Klaten Regency:

Low Farmer Welfare Guarantee
The existence of life assurance will certainly provide comfort sense to be in place or sector.Similarly in agricultural sector which until now Klaten farmers have not fully feel welfare of their work.Of course people will think long to enter this sector.Especially with youth thinking who currently even feel the modernization of other sectors that give better guarantee to his life.

Youth perception about agriculture
Youth perception is how they view or their assessment towards agricultural sector.Aspects of youth Klaten assessment such as income, employment place, employment status, and education.Youth perception of income factor that is income from agriculture not every month and do not guarantee their monthly requirement fulfillment.Employment place factor is where the work is done, in this case youth perceived that farming has done in in dirty and hot fields.Employment status of agriculture is considered less prestigious in this modern era as it is now equipped with more sophisticated technology and farming tools than the traditional way yet they still feel prestige or embarrassment.

Parents do not introduce agricultural sector
As youth related to the future and their work is still dominated by parents whish.Similarly, youth in Klaten District.Of course parents expect that their children get better job than them, and instead as a child will certainly give the best for his parents.Agricultural sector itself is still considered less promising to be a job for their children.So, many parents do not introduce this sector to their children.

Lack of youth insight about agriculture
As mentioned before in point 2 which concerns on youth perception about agriculture is that the youth think that agricultural sector only works in dirty and hot fields and gives uncertain income.The same thing happens in youth in Klaten District who have not known more about agricultural sector.This low level of knowledge also affects youth to choose work as well as to study in agriculture sector.

Government policies still are not pro with farmers
Government as stakeholder still has not provided policy which is in favor with farmers.Backed up as agrarian country with natural wealth but the policy which has been made has not improved agricultural sector.For example, during the big harvest season this year but in fact the government implements rice import policy.

AHP Analysis
Based on the results of AHP analysis, the priority strategy for youth interest enhancement as perpetrators of agricultural sector in Klaten Regency obtained that institutional criteria is the most important criteria or priority.After institutional criteria then the second priority human resources (HR) criteria, followed by the third or last priority government policy criteria.Here is the output of AHP calculation from each priority criterion using expert choice 9.0 software

Institutional Criteria
The most prioritized criteria for youth interest enhancement in agricultural sector of Klaten Regency is institutional criteria.Based on the results of AHP data indicate that the most prioritized alternative is the formation of youth farmer groups (weight value 0.286).Two alternatives that occupy second priority positions, namely instructor's infrastructure and Human Resources of Agricultural instructor are not converted and transferred; as well as self-help and private instructors should be optimized (weighted 0.248).The third priority is each instructor should reorganize at least 5 young farmers who are guided intensively in Agricultural Counseling Center (weight value 0.219).

Figure 3. AHP Output of Institutional Criteria
Source: Primary data, processed 2018

Human Resource Criteria (HR)
The criteria which become second criteria in the effort to enhance youth interest in agricultural sector in Klaten Regency is human resources (SDM).Based on the results of the data show that the most prioritized alternative as effort of youth interest enhancement in agricultural sector of Klaten Regency through human resource criteria such as education and training which is focused on increasing farmers' competence in procedures of technological innovation and research, cultivation, postharvest, processing, and marketing (Weight value 0.736).Then the second and third alternative priorities are to develop agriculturebased vocational education (weight score 0.137), as well as giving scholarships for agricultural vocational schools (weighted 0.127).

Strategi Peningkatan M inat Pemuda Sektor Pertanian di Kab. Klaten
No d e : 2 0 0 0 0 Co m p a re t h e re l a t i v e PREF ERENCE wi t h re s p e c t t o : SDM < GOAL P B _P S P D i kl at K P MP K P 1. 0 (5.0) P B _P S P (6. 2) Ro w e l e m en t i s __ t i m e s m or e t ha n c o l um n e l em e n t u n l e s s e n c l os e d i n ( )

Government Policy Criteria
The criteria that become the third priority or the last as an effort of youth interest enhancement in the agricultural sector in Klaten Regency is government policies.Based on the results of AHP data indicate that the most prioritized alternative through government policy criteria is marketing assurance of agricultural products for farming (weight value 0.407).The second alternative priority is to encourage and facilitate the establishment of Farmer-Owned Enterprises (Weight value 0.273).The third and fourth priority are agricultural infrastructure development (weight value 0.239) and guaranteed issuance of land rights certificate on Sustainable Food Agriculture (Weight value 0.081).Based on the results of AHP analysis as a whole, the three priority alternatives from the institutional aspect namely the formation of youth farmer groups becomes the most priority compared with other alternatives in an effort to enhance youth interest in agricultural sector of Klaten regency.Followed on the second priority is infrastructure of Instructor and Human Resources Agricultural Instructor which is not converted and transferred.Then self-help and private instructor must be optimized.The fourth priority of human resource (HR) aspects is education and training which is focused on increasing farmers' competence in technological innovation and research, cultivation, postharvest, processing and marketing.The following is a complete sequence of priority strategies to enhance youth interest as effort of agriculture revitalization in Klaten Regency as a whole based on AHP calculation can be seen in the table and the output below.

Strategi Peningkatan M inat Pemuda Sektor Pertanian di Kab. Klaten
is expected to create new innovations and ideas for the development of Klaten.In addition, it is also a pioneer for other young people by showing the success gained from agricultural sector.

CONCLUSION
Agricultural sector in Klaten Regency still become livelihood and majority income of the society even though the number of its workforce is decreasing.SIMPI data (Indonesian Food Management Information System) in the early 2018 shows the population of Klaten regency who work as farmers and farm laborers as many as 83,627 people.Some of the obstacles are: low farmer welfare, low youth perception on agriculture, parents do not introduce agricultural sector, lack of youth knowledge about agriculture, and government policies that are still not in favor with farmers.
Institutional criteria is the most prioritized aspects in enhancing youth interest as effort of agricultural revitalization in Klaten Regency, then the second priority is human resources criteria (HR), and the last is government policy criteria.Alternatives program which have been prioritized namely formation of youth farmers' groups; infrastructure and facilities of instructor and HR of Agricultural instructor are not converted and transferred; selfhelp and private instructor should be optimized.Some solutions to overcome those problems such as; providing more incentives to improve farmers welfare and harvest guarantee, providing counseling to parents about agriculture in a broad way, early recognition of agriculture, providing socialization and training, and better evaluate or revise agricultural policies.Participation is needed from all parties ranging from academics, institutional farmers, peasant entrepreneurs, and youth as well as relevant government agencies so that efforts to enhance youth interest in agricultural sector of Klaten Regency can run well and continuously.
The Government of Klaten Distric should pay more attention to the aspects that have been studied.Institutional aspect, the opening of farmer training institutions in order to further optimize the function of agricultural instructor to become youth farmer training center.Human resource aspect, youth is to be given education about agriculture and encourage the growth of entrepreneurial spirit in agriculture.The government's policy aspect is to provide more incentives to farmers, in the form of agricultural pricing policies by the government.

Figure 2 .
Figure 2. Output of AHP Criteria for Youth Interest Enhancement as Effort of Agricultural Revitalization in Klaten Regency Source: Primary data, processed 2018

Figure 4 .
Figure 4. AHP Output of Human Resource Criteria Source: Primary Data, processed 2018 St ra t e g i Pe n i n g k a t a n M i n a t Pe m u d a Se k t o r Pe rt a n i a n d i Ka b .Kl a t e n SDM Su m b e r Da y a M a n u s i a M PKP M e n g e m b a n g k a n p e n d i d i k a n k e j u ru a n p e rt a n i a n PB_ PSP Pe m b e ri a n b e a s i s wa p e s e rt a s e k o l a h k e j u ru a n p e rt a n i a n Di k l a t KP Pe n d i d i k a n d a n p e l a t i h a n k o m p e t e n s i p e t a

Figure 5 .
Figure 5. AHP Output of Government Policy Criteria Source: Primary Data, processed 2018 Abbreviation DefinitionPKT P Pe m b e n tu k a n k e l o m p o k ta n i m u d a SPSDM _ PP Sa rp ra s p e n y u l u h & SDM p e n y u l u h ti d a k d i a l i h fu n g s i k a n PS_ SDO Pe n y u l u h s wa d a y a d a n s wa s ta h a ru s d i o p ti m a l k a n Di k l a tKP Pe n d i d i k a n d a n p e l a ti h a n k o m p e te n s i p e ta n i SPM _ 5 PM Se ti a p p e n y u l u h m e l a h i rk a n 5 p e ta n i m u d a J PHP_ UT J a m i n a n p e m a s a ra n h a s i l p e rta n i a n u s a h a ta n i BUM P T e rb e n tu k n y a b a d a n u s a h a m i l i k p e ta n i PIP Pe n g e m b a n g a n i n fra s tru k tu r p e rta n i a n M PKP M e n g e m b a n g k a n p e n d i d i k a n k e j u ru a n p e rta n i a n PB_ PSP Pe m b e ri a n b e a s i s wa p e s e rta s e k o l a h k e j u ru a n p e rta n i a n J SHT J a m i n a n p e n e rb i ta n s e rti fi k a t h a k a ta s ta n a h

Table 1 .
Population Age 15 Years and Over Who Worked According to Gender and Main Job in Klaten Regency 2015

Table 2 .
The Number of Agricultural Business Households in Central Java

Table 3 .
The Number of Agricultural Business Households According to Age Group and Main Farmer Gender

Table 5 .
The Sequences of Alternative Strategies for Youth Interest Enhancement as Effort of Agriculture Revitalization in Klaten Regency.Row el em ent i s __ t i m es m or e t han c ol um n el em ent unl es s enc l os ed i n ( )