English - Indonesian Translation of Idiomatic Expressions Found in the Adventure of Tom Sawyer: Strategies Used and Resulted Equivalence

_________________ Abstract This study focused on the analysis of idiomatic expressions translated from English into Bahasa Indonesia from novel “The Adventure of Tom Sawyer” . It included the translation strategies utilized by translator in transferring idiomatic expression and the relationship toward translation strategies and equivalence of idiomatic expression translation. The results showed that (1) Free translation strategy was the frequent strategy used by the translator. It led to the conclusion that rendering idiomatic expression in the children literary book was mostly done by re-creating the idiomatic expressions in the target language. (2) The translator tended to re-create the words and phrases in the target language neglecting the words and grammatical units of source language in order to get the similar meaning and essence of the source language. (3) The use of translation strategies in the translation of idiomatic expression had close relationship with the resulted equivalence of idiomatic expression in Indonesian. In translating the idiomatic expression, it is better if the translator knows the context of the situation where the narrator tells about the story in the novel to improve the quality of the translation. In addition, it is also recommended that the use of translation strategy in rendering


INTRODUCTION
One of the most important aspects of human life is language. It is a means of communication among people to express and contribute their ideas. Language as human communication system has a big deal in our daily life as it carries either interpersonal meaning and transactional meaning. Moreover, language is the system which people use to express thoughts and feelings, to give information, so that each language has helped human life in terms of communication. According to Mujiyanto "when two persons do an act of interactive communication, they need a common facility called language" (2011, p.57). From the statement above we know that language is used for communication.
There is a connection between language and culture which cannot be separated one another. On one side, language represents the culture of the social group or the organization itself. While on the other side, language and culture also have a mutual relationship, language is the key to comprehend a culture and a media to widespread the culture. If we learn about a language we also learn about the culture which attached to where the culture is found. Culture is a way of life includes beliefs, symbols, behaviour, knowledge, attitude, and values which characterized people or organization. Newmark sees culture as "the way of life and its manifestations that are peculiar to a community that uses a particular language as its means of expression" (1988, p.94). Language and culture are strongly related "no language can exist unless it is stepped in the context of culture, and no culture can exist which does not have at its centre, the structure of natural language" (Sapir & Whorf, in Basneet & Mc Guire, 1991, p.14). The statement strengthens the assumption that language is one of the cultural elements.
As Hartono states "translation is an activity of reading the source text author and reproducing it by the recipient of the message or the target text reader" (2012, p.185). Indeed, one of the experts, Newmark stated that "translation is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way that the author intended the text" (1988, p.94). It means that translation commonly converting a text of a source text into an accurate and understandable version of a target text without avoiding the suggestion of the original. In addition, Larson states that translation is transferring meaning of the source language into the receptor (1984, p.3). This is done by going from the form of the target language by way of semantic structure. It is meaning which is being transferred and must be held constant, only the form changes. Translation consists of studying lexicon, grammatical structure, communication situation, and cultural context of the source language text, analyzing it in order to determine its meaning, then reconstructing this same meaning using the lexicon and grammatical structure which are appropriate in the receptor language and its cultural context. Translating is not easy because every language has its own rules in phonetic, structure, and words. In translating text, sometimes the translator finds problems of nonequivalence in the text. The translator will use certain strategies to solve those problems which cannot be done by just only translation. Hence, the text can be more understood by the readers from the target language when it is suitable to the target readers. In addition, translation is not only transferring word by word meaning from the source language text to the target language but it includes some contexts which may differentiate meanings.
Idiomatic expressions are introduced as one of the most challenging issues in translation studies. Idiom is a group of words, established by usage, as having a meaning not deducible from those of the individual words like over the moon or see the light. According to Baker (1992, p.63) idiomatic expressions are "frozen patterns of language which allow little or no variation in form, and in the case of idioms, often carry meanings which cannot be deduced from their individual components". It refers that idiomatic expression is type of informal language that have different meaning from the real meaning of the words/expressions. As a result, the cultural elements will definitely affect the translation of idiomatic expressions which is difficult for the translators to carried out.
Moreover, translating idiomatic expressions is not an easy task since the source language is shaped and embedded by its own cultural contexts. Translation of idiomatic expressions might create changes on both form and meaning of the text. Thus, the difficulties of translating idiomatic expression is inevitable which could confuse the translator to reconsider either source language or the target readers. Besides, there is a lot of idiomatic expression types which should be classified. In addition, the equivalence of idiomatic expression is also not easy to be found which ideally idiomatic expression should be translated into idiomatic expression also. Hence, the use of certain strategies will depend on the context in which a given idiom is translated. As long as the meaning is maintained in the translation product, the meaning has successfully transferred to the readers.
There are a lot of children literary translations, especially classics works, for children and adolescents. For example, the classic book by Mark Twain "The Adventure of Tom Sawyer" which is currently being translated into various languages. The classic children literary book, such as The Adventure of Tom Sawyer by Mark Twain, was written more than a hundred years ago. Hence, it has particular ideologies embedded on the story where the writer of the novel lived with such socio-historical conditions which influence the writing of the novel. Mark Twain was an American who lived in Missouri. He wrote the novel children life in Missouri at that time, even some of the events on the story did really exist. When this novel was translated to another language especially in Bahasa Indonesia which has different beliefs and cultures, there is a gap between the content within the novel and the translation. As also mentioned by Yuliasri (2017) that translation process should consider the readership of the target language, because the translation will be highly appreciated by children as the target language as it made them comfortable reading experience. In line with this, Ratnasari (2016) stated that appropriate translation strategies should be carried out during the translation in order to produce a good translation. In addition, a gap between the idioms which existed long ago might appear between the current translation. Thus, in translating the idiomatic expression on the text, translators are required to create understandable translation product, especially children as the target readers of the text.
Considering those descriptions above, the study is conducted in the field of translation of idiomatic expression in the novel. Besides, the purpose is to analyse the translation strategies in transferring the idiomatic expression on the novel. The translation quality assessments are employed to check the quality of the translation work of the novel to Bahasa Indonesia.

METHODS
The design of this study was descriptive qualitative study which aimed to analyze the idiomatic translation in the novel as literary work. This study focused on the analysis of idiomatic expressions found in English -Indonesian translation of novel "The adventure of Tom Sawyer". In addition, the focus also goes into the analysis of translation strategies utilized by the translator to transfer the idiomatic expressions into the target language based on the theory proposed by Baker (1992) and Wang (2006). Finally, the quality of the equivalence is scrutinized in regard to its equivalence based on Nida (1964) formal equivalence and dynamic equivalence.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Based on the analysis, there have been some main findings related to this study in order to answer the research questions in the previous sections. This analysis was based on Baker (1992) and Huang and Wang (2006) that there are some strategies utilized to interpret the idiomatic expressions to achieve the equivalence of the translations. Based on the analysis, the translation strategies in this current study could be seen in Table 1.  Table 1 shows there were 177 idiomatic expressions and the strategies employed by the translator in rendering the idiomatic expressions. The highest frequency of the strategy was free translation strategy mostly used by holding up 31% of the whole strategies. It represented the way the translator in rendering the idiomatic expression was mostly by expanding the meaning within the idiomatic expression without depending on the words and structure from the source language. The second frequently used strategy was paraphrase that supported the use of flexible language and expanding the meaning and stylistic effect of the idiomatic expression with total percentage 25.4%. The omission strategy was rarely used in rendering the idiomatic expression with only 9% from the total strategies. It showed that there were some idiomatic expressions omitted by the translator in the process of translating the novel. With regard to the idiomatic translation translated into idiomatic expression, literal translation had 14.2% from total occurrence followed by literal translation by compensation and using dissimilar idiom that shared the same percentage of 10.1% from the total strategies used to translate the idiomatic expression. Hence, the translator was deemed to be compromising in rendering the idiomatic translation which was proved by the highly used of free and paraphrase translation strategy.

Literal Translation
Generally, finding the same form and meaning on the target language is the easiest way to do translation. With regard to the translation idiomatic translation, there is literal translation which refers to translation strategy in which the content and style from the source language are successfully reproduced as the same style and structure of the sentence. Table 2 shows the use of literal translation in transferring idiomatic expression. Tom pulled the objects out of his shirt pocket, then showed them to Billy. They are satisfied, and the objects changed hands Table 2 shown a description from the narrator about Tom in a Sunday school. The context was at the commemoration of Sunday school at church where everyone was entering the church. Meanwhile, Tom was standing in front of the door and some of the kids have exchanged things with Tom. Based on table 2, the idiomatic expression was translated using literal translation with which the meaning and the stylistic effects were still maintained in the target language. The idiom "the property changed hands" was literally translated into Bahasa Indonesia became "bendabenda itupun berpindah tangan" which still held similar structure and also the meaning of the idiom was kept constant.

Literal with Compensation Translation
It is plausible that sometimes finding the same structure and style of idiomatic expression from the source language into the target language. Hence, there is literal translation strategy with compensation which transferring the idiomatic expression literally by attaching additional information or stylistic effects into the target language. Table 3 presents the use of literal translation with compensation in transferring idiomatic expression. Tom pulled the objects out of his shirt pocket, then showed them to Billy. They are satisfied, and the objects changed hands In Table 3, the narrator explained the condition and the burden born by Tom's doing. The context was at the time when Tom had just lied to his aunt about swimming. The idiomatic expression was translated using literal translation strategy with compensation in which the translator has introduced some additional elements in the target language. The ideological expression "bring her gray hairs with sorrow to the grave" was translated into "untuk memudahkan jalannya ke neraka dan memudahkan jalan bibinya ke pintu kubur". This idiomatic expression still held the similar forms in the target language although there was some additional explanation given to the readers. Some words were still translated literally as well as the stylistic effects, such as to the grave; however, the translation was added by the words at the target language, such as memudahkan jalannya ke neraka which gave more emphasis on how pathetic aunt Polly was.

Free Translation
Transferring the idiomatic expression in a literary work sometimes require meticulous consideration to give the same/similar effects from the source language into the target language. Free translation promotes translator to employed a translation strategy that transfer the meaning and the soul of idiomatic expression from the source language into the target language without restructuring the same form nor style of the language. This strategy gives an option toward the translator to be more flexible in translating idiomatic translation, though there could be found the reproduction with the same structure and style. Table 4 displays the use of free translation in transferring idiomatic expression.  Table 4 shows the narration about how Tom tried to escape from the island by crossing the river and slunk to get into the boat. The context was at the Mississippi river bank where Tom intended to visit his house and see the condition after he and his friends left the village. There was an idiomatic expression about the narrator explanation "watching with all his eyes" which representing how he was watching closely around before slip into the water. The translator chose to translate it by an adjective using "diamdiam" at the target language which did not have the similar form nor the stylistic effects. However, the meaning of the words "diam-diam" has close meaning with the idiomatic expression "watching with all eyes" though there was some sense of the meaning which left by the translator.

Similar Meaning but Dissimilar Form Translation
At some points, translating idiomatic expression in a literary text requires idiomatic expression form too as in the source language. However, a translator has an option to translate using idiomatic expression with different words constituting the idiomatic expression itself as long as it still has the similar meaning. Table 5 shows the use of free idiom of similar meaning but dissimilar form strategy in transferring idiomatic expression.  Table 5 showed a condition when Tom was invited by the Judge to come forward at the church stage. He was chosen as the smart boy who has already collected various kinds of tickets and got the Bible prize. Knowing that Tom was cheating and lied to the Judge, it made the Pastor shocked and afraid since it would leave bad impression toward the Judge as well as the people since Tom was not good at remembering the Bible. The writer expressed the condition by adding an idiomatic expression "This was a thunderbolt out of a clear sky" which means something unexpected just happened beyond thinking. However, the translator transferred the idiomatic expression using idiom also yet dissimilar form, such as "seandainya ada petir yang menyambar masuk ke dalam gereja". This replacement still held the similar meaning considering the context being placed, however some elements are changed from nominal sentence into verbal sentence. Hence, the translator was deemed to be successful in bringing the meaning forth into the target language.

Paraphrase Translation
When there is no equivalence in the target language to transfer the meaning and structure as well as the stylistic effects of idiomatic expression from the source language, a translator might use paraphrasing strategy to raise the message to the readers using paraphrase of the idiomatic expressions. Table 6 showcases the use of paraphrase strategy in transferring idiomatic expression.  Apparently, she was fooled by Tom for the story he made to save his life from aunt Polly' punishment. The table showed that she put an idiomatic expression within her statement mentioning that "it makes me feel so bad" from the statement "it makes me feel so bad to think you could let me go to Sereny Harper and make such a fool of myself and never say a word" representing that she felt embarrassed telling a lie to Sereny Harper who had already known the story from her son. In regard to this idiomatic expression, the translator transferred it by paraphrasing the expression "sungguh aku tidak senang" which cannot be translated literally following the structure and stylistic effects of idiomatic expression from the source language. The translator paraphrased the idiomatic expression since there was no way to find the similar idiomatic expression. Hence, the translator expressed the idiomatic expression meaning using different words and structure.

Omission Translation
Languages have different concepts of idiomatic expressions. Hence, translating idiomatic expressions could be done by deleting the idiomatic expressions in the target language when the meaning cannot be easily paraphrased for stylistic reasons. Table 7 presents the use of omission strategy in transferring idiomatic expression. He only said that he knew one of the two, and he was afraid that those people heard that Huck had leaked his deed, and that person would definitely kill him Table 7 shows narration that Huck was interrogated by the Mr. Jones as police man in the village. Beforehand, Huck was shocked that Injun Joe and his partner were going to break into Madam Douglas's house and tortured her due to their former revenge. Knowing this situation, Huck was running away to find help which fortunately dropped in Mr. Jones's post. Then, Huck tried to tell the condition without revealing the identity of Injun Joe because he was afraid if he was chased and killed by him. The table showed writer's narration in the source text by placing idiomatic expression "for the whole world" in the sentence "he knew anything against him for the whole world -he would be killed for knowing it, sure" which meant that Huck knew everything exactly as it was in every way about the culprit yet he was afraid for some reasons. Furthermore, the translator translated the idiomatic expression was by not transferring the idiomatic translation and decided to use omission translation strategy. However, there was some sense lost in the target language because omitting the idiomatic expression although the translation was still acceptable considering the context. As one the translation strategy in dealing with idiomatic expression translation, omission strategy might be used when the idiomatic translation cannot be easily paraphrased in the target language.

Relation between Translation Strategy and Resulted Equivalence
As the objective of translation activity, the equivalence of the translation product plays a crucial role and should be considered more in transferring the source language into the target language. With regard to the analysis of idiomatic expressions in the novel The Adventure of Tom Sawyer, the translation equivalence was analyzed based on the formal correspondence and dynamic equivalence as proposed by Nida and Taber (1982). This analysis was viewed by the perspective of how translation idiomatic expression strategies lead to the translation equivalence in the novel of The Adventure of Tom Sawyer. The analysis could be seen in Table  8.  Table 8 shows the use of translation strategies in relation with translation equivalence which was used by the translator in rendering the idiomatic expression found in the novel The Adventure of Tom Sawyer. As it could be seen that most of the equivalence of idiomatic expression in the target text was following the dynamic equivalence with total number occurrence 135 times. It represented that some of the translation of idiomatic expressions, the translator has transferred the idiomatic expression by seeking the meaning of the original in such wat that the meaning was preserved though it changed the words and phrases. Meanwhile, the translator did not merely follow dynamic equivalence principle in achieving the translation equivalence which was proved by the number of formal correspondences with total occurrence 42 times. This condition indicated that the translator transferred some of the idiomatic expression using source language approach in which the words or phrases in the target language which represents the closest equivalence of source language words or phrases both forms and meaning.

Relation between Translation Strategies and Resulted Translation Quality
Having done the analysis of translation strategies of idiomatic expressions in The Adventure of Tom Sawyer novel as well as its translation equivalence, there was a correlation between translation strategies employed by the translator and how well the resulted equivalence of the translation in the target language. Various kinds of translation strategies have been utilized to transfer idiomatic expression from English into Bahasa Indonesia which have been gone through deep consideration. However, the use of translation strategies in transferring idiomatic expression undoubtedly affected the resulted translation.
Throughout the analysis, there were six translation strategies utilized by the translator in order to achieve the translation equivalence. Furthermore, the strategies affected the translation quality which based on accuracy, acceptability and readability of the translated idiomatic expression. As it could be seen on the table 4.19, the highest accurate translation was dominated by free translation strategy with total number of 52 occurrences. It represented that free translation strategy in transferring the idiomatic expression was deemed to be successful to render the equivalence from the source language into the target language. The way the translator transferred and expanded the translation creatively without considering the limitation of the idiomatic expression had effectively brought the equivalence forth to the target language. Meanwhile, omission translation strategy was the lowest occurrence among the other strategies in transferring the idiomatic expression with zero occurrence with regard to the accurate translation. It was referring that omitting the idiomatic expression from the translation would surely distort the meaning being transferred into the target language.
With regard to the less accurate translation, the highest frequency of translation strategies employed by the translator was paraphrase with total occurrence 41 times. This indicated that there were some idiomatic expressions which cannot be transferred using idiomatic expression in the target text, yet it needed to be rendered using different approaches in order to achieve the equivalence. It also indicated that paraphrase translation strategy mostly produced less accurate translation, particularly in translating idiomatic expression. Furthermore, most of the inaccurate translation of idiomatic expression was caused by the use of omission translation strategy with total occurrence 13 times leaving the rest of the translation strategies without any occurrence. This represented that omission has caused deleted meaning for the target language.
Moving into acceptability of the translation equivalence, free and paraphrase translation strategies almost shared the similar frequency in which free translation has caused 44 acceptable translations, while paraphrase strategy held 42 occurrences of the acceptable translation. This was fairly plausible since the translator was flexible and could develop the widely used meaning to replace idiomatic expression from the source language into the target language by using these strategies. Meanwhile, the lowest acceptable translation was still produced by omission translation strategy which only had 9 occurrences.
This was understandable phenomena when the idiomatic expression was omitted, the translation would be unnatural and unfamiliar for the target readers. Furthermore, most of less acceptable translation was fairly produced by all of the translation strategies in rendering idiomatic expression which shared 10 occurrences only for free translation strategy and less than 10 occurrences for the rests. It indicated that less acceptable translation could be produced by all idiomatic translation strategies although the translator has tried to make the best translation work. Thus, only paraphrase strategy did not create inacceptable translation of idiomatic expression. This represented that paraphrasing idiomatic expression into the target language has helped to avoid the inacceptable translation.
Regarding with readability of translation, the use of free and paraphrase translation strategy has helped the translator to create readable translation of idiomatic expression which was similar to the acceptability aspects. Both free and paraphrase had more than 40 occurrences in which free held 50 numbers and paraphrase got 42 numbers. It indicated that free and paraphrase strategy could transfer the idiomatic expression from source language into target language become readable for target readers. Moreover, free and paraphrase strategy has enabled the translator to expand the meaning of idiomatic expression without any border both on the meanings and forms. Meanwhile, all strategies in translating idiomatic expression also created less readable translation although the number of occurrences did not exceed more than 10 numbers. It meant that every implementation of the translation strategies could not perfectly transferred the idiomatic expressions. Furthermore, regarding to unreadable translation of idiomatic expression was caused by the use of literal, literal with compensation and using dissimilar idiom forms; while the other three strategies (free, paraphrase and compensation translation strategy) did not produce unreadable translation of idiomatic expression. It indicated that unreadable translation of idiomatic expression might be occurred as the result of maintaining the stylistic meaning of the idiomatic expression.
Translation of idiomatic expression was problematic for translator in rendering the words, grammatical units and meaning into the target language. This condition has resulted in the process of achieving the translation equivalence in the target language. in order to eliminate those problems, the translation strategies are offered so that the idiomatic expression equivalence could be brought forth to the target language. Based on the analysis of translation of idiomatic expression in the novel The Adventure of Tom Sawyer, there were some points that deemed important to be discussed. On the aspect of translation strategies utilized by the translator in rendering idiomatic expression, all six translation strategies were used helping the translator to render the idiomatic expression in the target language. It turned out that the translator tended to be flexible and creative in rendering the idiomatic expression which was proved by the highly-utilized translation strategy which focused on the development of the idiomatic expression in the target language, namely: free translation strategy and paraphrase translation strategy. It indicated that the translator enjoyed the rendering of idiomatic expression using interpretation. This is in line with Susanti and Kuswardani (2015) that in English -Indonesian translation of idiomatic expression, the translator likely tends to transfer idiomatic expression using paraphrase strategy to create good translation product. Free and paraphrase strategy was quite similar strategy in which it only differs in the alternative it has. This is in line with Rahmagati and Himmawati (2015) that by using free translation strategy, the message of idiom could be transferred properly and by means of words that are roughly suitable to the meaning of the idiomatic expression. According to Huang and Wang (2006, p.2) free translation strategy is employed when the translator chooses to reproduce the meanings into the source language by interpretation rather than considering the structures and stylistic effect of the idiomatic expression although there is still some option to transfer the idiomatic expression. Meanwhile, in paraphrase translation strategy, the translator does not have option to transfer the idiomatic expression into target language which resulted in paraphrasing the idiomatic expression in order to achieve translation equivalence (Baker, 1992). The tendency of free and paraphrase translation strategy was undoubtable since the target reader of the novel were kids following the genre of the novel The Adventure of Tom Sawyer was children literary book. Furthermore, the translation should be carried out in particular ways which could consider the ways children as the target readers.
Meanwhile, the translation strategy utilized by the translator did not merely focused on the interpreting the meaning of idiomatic expression. There were also some translation strategies which focused on rendering the idiomatic expression with idiomatic expression too in the target language, such as using literal, literal with compensation and also using different idiomatic expressions. This indicated that some of the idiomatic expression was rendered by maintaining the forms and stylistic effects of idiomatic expression from the source language. This is in line with Wicaksono and Wahyuni (2018) that since cultural gaps exists between two languages, there are some idiomatic expressions that almost similar on the languages and just need to be compensate a little. Although most of the idiomatic expression was rendered by mean of interpretation, the translator still employed idiomatic expression in the target language in order to maintain the stylistic effects of the novel. This matches with Baker, 2011, p. 85) mentioning that the idiomatic expression cannot be translated easily in the target language rather than using the literal translation to maintain the stylistic effects for the target readers. Furthermore, some idiomatic expression was omitted in the target language which was believed that either it has been blended in the context or there would be distort the meaning if it appeared at some points. This is supported by Ayuningtyas (2018) that idiomatic expressions sometimes have to be omitted by translator because the stylistic effects cannot be brought forth in the target language. Furthermore, Al-Shawi and Mahadi (2011) added that although omitting some parts of the idiom may be desirable in certain situations, the meaning should be compensated somewhere else in the text in order to avoid abridged and mutilated translations.
With regard to the analysis of translation equivalence, the translation of idiomatic expression was divided into two different equivalence categories, namely formal correspondence and dynamic equivalence. In translating the idiomatic expression in the novel The Adventure of Tom Sawyer, the translator had tendency to achieve the dynamic equivalence. According to the analysis of translation strategy used to render the idiomatic expression, it was dominated by the strategies which deals with interpreting the idiomatic expression, replacing the idiomatic expression and also omitting the idiomatic expression in the target language. As proposed by Nida and Taber (1982) when the translation focuses on the meaning of the information for the target reader, the dynamic equivalence is followed prioritizing the target readers to get what the source readers get when they read the original work. This represented that the translator has really struggled to interpret the idiomatic expression in the target language as addressed for children. This is in line with Maliheh and Ehsan (2018) that in translation of idiomatic expression particularly in the literary work, the best equivalence approach followed was dynamic equivalence as it could be accepted by the target audience.
Regarding to the relation of translation strategy and the translation quality in rendering idiomatic expression in the novel The Adventure of Tom Sawyer, the translation showed closed relationship between those two aspects. On the aspect of accuracy, the use of free translation has resulted in the accurate translation. Similar with free translation strategy, almost all literal translation has produced accurate translation as well. This indicated that the translator has rendered idiomatic expression accurately both using the similar idiomatic expression from the source language and interpreting the idiomatic expression to make it accurate in the target language. this is in line with Fitria (2018) that the accuracy of translating idiomatic expression depends on the appropriate context conveyed on the target language. Meanwhile, most of the paraphrase translation strategy promoted less accurate translation of idiomatic translation leaving some distortion on the meaning in the target language. In addition, omission translation strategy has resulted in the inaccurate translation of idiomatic expression since the words and meaning were completely omitted in the target language. This indicated that translating idiomatic expression really put a real challenge to the translator to be able to render it into the target language amidst the problematic factors of culture between the two languages (Al-Shawi & Mahadi, 2012).
In terms of acceptability, almost all of the translation strategies have promoted into acceptable translation of idiomatic expression. This is in line with the equivalence principle followed by the translator that the translation of idiomatic expression in the novel The Adventure of Tom Sawyer was target reader-oriented where the priority of the translation was on the acceptability of the target readers. This also indicated that the translation of idiomatic expression was mostly natural and familiar with the Indonesian children. This condition was also supported by the data that there was almost not any inacceptable translation of idiomatic expression found in target language. This condition was also almost in line with the aspect of readability where the translation of idiomatic expression was understood easily and there are only a few unreadable translations. In regard to the aspect of readability, almost all strategies have helped the translator to produce readable translation of idiomatic expression making readable translation became the highest production among other aspects. Referring back that the novel was addressed for Indonesian children it was understandable that most of the idiomatic expression was rendered into readable translation which enable the children as target reader to easily read the novel. This is in line with Huang and Wang (2006) stated that the translation should resemble the original in aspects that make it adequately relevant to the reader by offering adequate contextual effects and at the same time should involve optimal processing effort.

CONCLUSIONS
After analysing the translation strategies of idiomatic expression in the novel The Adventure of Tom Sawyer, I found six translation strategies utilized by the translator to render the idiomatic expression into target language in which free translation strategy as the frequent strategy used by the translator of the novel With regard to the equivalence of the translation, the translator tended to re-create the words and phrases in the target language neglecting the words and grammatical units of source language in order to get the similar meaning and essence of the source language. Furthermore, the genre of this the novel also contributed on the decision of the translator in transferring the idiomatic expression which was also affected by the genre and target reader of the novel itself that caused the translator to render the idiomatic expression become source readeroriented by means of translation strategies which reproduce the words and structure of the idiomatic expression in the target language.
Dealing with the relation of translation strategies in rendering the idiomatic expression in the novel The Adventure of Tom Sawyer, the use of translation strategies in the translation of idiomatic expression had close relationship with the resulted equivalence of idiomatic expression in Indonesian. On the accurate translation, implementation of literal and free translation has resulted in accurate translation. Furthermore, on the acceptability of the translation, was affected by free and paraphrase translation strategies. Moreover, readability of the translation also influenced by the implementation of free and paraphrase translation strategies.
For the future research, I suggest that it is better to view the translation of idiomatic expression from various kind of perspectives to broaden the study about rendering idiomatic expression from one language into another. Since this study only focused on the idiomatic expression in the children literary book, it is better if the future research could reveal more about various kinds of translation work.