Village Funds Utilization Strategy to Improve Food Security

The aim of this study was to analyze food security improvement strategy in line with the potency and problems, so that the utilization of village funds is more optimal and on target in order to support the financing of food security in Kuwu village, Dempet Sub-district, Demak Regency. The type of this research is quantitative research by using SWOT analysis. This research used primary and secondary data. The results of analysis showed that the utilization of Kuwu Village Fund was more concerned with physical development as well as transportation facilities and infrastructure. The results of SWOT analysis showed that the appropriate strategy to improve food security through the use of Village Funds in Kuwu Village is to support aggressive growth policy by maximizing the strengths and opportunities such as increasing food production capacity by intensification and diversification, human resource development, and improving the road infrastructure of farmer business.


INTRODUCTION
Etymologically, the word village comes from Sanskrit, deca, which means homeland or origin land. The existence of village according to formal juridical is recognized in Law Number 6 Year 2014 about Village, that village and traditional village or called by other names are legal community units which have authorized regional boundaries to regulate and administer its' government affairs, the interests of local communities based on the initiative of community, the right of origin, and / or traditional rights which is recognized and respected in the government system of Republic of Indonesia. Law Number 6 Year 2014 about Village provides guarantees, that the village will receive funding from the government through the state budget and regional budget. Right and obligation in village finance generate income, expenditure and financing. Village Funds are village income derived from State Budget (APBN) which is allocated by taking into account the population, poverty rate, area, and the level of geographical difficulty.
Based on the Minister of Village Regulation, Disadvantaged Development and Transmigration Number 21 Year 2015 Regarding the Priority of the Use of Village Funds in 2016, Village Funds are prioritized to finance construction expense and empowerment of village communities. One of the priorities of village development sector is construction, development and maintenance the infrastructure or physical facilities for livelihoods, including food tenacity, and one of the priorities in Community Empowerment sector is to fund capacity building for village food tenacity programs and activities.
According to Miftachuddin (2014), food comes from biological resources and water, both processed and not processed which are intended as food and drinks for humans including food addition, food raw materials and other ingredients. According to Law Number 18 Year 2012 concerning Food, food security is the condition of fulfilling food for households which is reflected in the availability of sufficient food, both in quantity and quality, safety, equitable, and affordable. Food and Agriculture Organization defines four aspects of food security, namely food availability, food access, food utilization, and food stability. Food availability is the ability to have sufficient food for basic needs, while food access is the ability to have resources both economically and physically, to obtain nutritious food. Food utilization refers to the ability to use food properly and appropriately as well as proportionally, while food stability is the stability of food availability, food access and food utilization over a long period of time.
The implementation of program and activity of food security agency, Ministry of Agriculture in 2016 focused on strategic activities: (1) (Prajanti, 2014). According to Pratama & Sahaya (2014), agricultural sector in Central Java Province has very important and strategic role in supporting food security, providing job, income sources, and mobilizing regional and national economy. Based on composite map of Central Java Food and Nutrition Awareness System (SKPG) 2016 which is one of the instruments / tools for early detection of food insecurity, several regions in Central Java has experienced food insecurity, namely Pekalongan City, Pekalongan Regency, Banjarnegara Regency, Demak Regency, Jepara Regency , Kudus Regency, Rembang Regency, and Blora Regency. Based on table 1, Demak Regency has the largest area of harvest and rice production compared to other food insecurity areas in Central Java period 2016. Although Pekalongan City has the smallest rice production which is 12,377 tons, but the rice production of Pekalongan City is the highest production after Kudus Regency.
Rice production of Kudus regency is 171,498 tons with area of harvest is 26,355 ha. Improving food security is one of the strategic issues in Mid Term Program of Demak Regency Government (MTPDRG) Year 2016-2021. Based on table 2, Demak Regency Government has carried out various programs and activities to improve food security. One of them is through Community Food Granary activities where several villages have received assistance in the form of grain management and stimulation training in developing Community Food Granary. The existence of village market also faced problems in developing food access and marketing for agricultural product of Kuwu Village communities. On the beginning of village market establishment, there were many clothing and food sales and even it is utilized as a place to sell vegetables product of Kuwu Village community, but now in the village market there is only one shop that sells vegetables product of Kuwu Village communities. In addition, the mindset of people in Kuwu village who think "eat in moderation" causes low society awareness to consume diverse, nutritious and balanced foods.
Kuwu Village in 2015 received village funds as much as 301.32 million and increased in 2016 as much as 688.31 million. 90 percent of Kuwu Village funds in 2015 was used to finance the building or infrastructure of village and the rest 10 percent was allocated on the field of community empowerment. The utilization of Kuwu Village funds to support food security was only allocated in 2016 about 16 percent in the form of field utilization in the area of community empowerment. Although the village government has sought the use of Village Funds to support food security, however all this time the use of Kuwu Village funds has been directed more to physical development such as concreting and talud construction. The presence of village fund has been recognized by Kuwu village government as a support for financing food security. The allocation of village funds from Central Government is a large income for the village, but it should be remembered that the amount of the Village Fund remains limited in one year of Village Budget and Expenditure. In analyzing the driving and inhibiting factors in improving food security is necessary to see the right strategies, so that the utilization of village funds can be optimal and on target in supporting the financing of food security in Kuwu Village.
According to Widjaja (2005) Village Autonomy is genuine autonomy, unanimous, whole and it is not a gift from the government, so the government is obliged to respect the original autonomy of village. According to Aziz (2016), it is expected that village autonomy will produce village government and villagers that are economically independent. Going forward, the role of non-governmental development elements can occupy a large portion of the sustainable development process. While the village government is more in a position to facilitate and accommodate these elements in carrying out village development.
Village Development is a government policy to encourage the acceleration of development of human resources and infrastructure in the village. The arrangement of plan development program basically is the result of planning from the bottom up and from top-down planning through the stages of preparation at all levels of government, starting from the Village, Sub-district, District / City, Province until the national level and vice versa from the center to the region and village (Prabawa, 2015).
In order to strengthen the implementation of government to support the realization of village and regional autonomy, it is appropriate if the village has right to manage its own finances (Hehamahua, 2015). Rights and obligations in village finance generate income, expenditure and financing.
Village Fund is one of the village income which is originated from APBN transferred through district / city budget. According to Law No. 6 Year 2014 concerning Villages, the amount of village funds originating from the APBN is determined 10 percent from and outside the regional transfer funds (on top) gradually. Village funds are used to finance government administration, implementation of development, community development, and community empowerment. At national level, the concept of food security includes the availability of food in sufficient quantities and quality and at affordable prices by the community. The basic concept of national level food security is food security at the household level, especially in rural level. Likewise, household food security is a very important precondition for fostering food security at the national and regional level (Arifin, 2004).
In line with Government Regulation No. 60 Year 2014, considering Village Fund originated from Central Expenditure to optimize the use of Village Funds, then the Government was given the authority to set priorities for the use of Village Funds. According to Hasniati (2016), the priority of the use of village funds did not limit local initiatives in designing the development programs / activities, but rather than give priority view of the use of Village Funds, so that the village still has room to be creative in making village programs / activities in accordance with its authority, priority needs analysis and resources that the village has.
Food is the key to sustaining life, because it provides essential nutrients to maintain good health, increase well-being, and labo productivity (Ogundari, 2017). At the national level, the concept of food security includes the availability of food in sufficient quantities and quality and at affordable prices by the community. The basic concept of national level food security is food security at household level, especially in the rural level (Arifin, 2004). Village can be used as the spearhead in supporting the realization of food security through the use of Village Funds. According to Eko et all (2016) Village Fund can be used for construction of facilities and infrastructure supporting food security, while in the field of community empowerment, Village Fund can be used to increase capacity for programs and activities of village food security.
The utilization of Village Funds in the field of rural development such as village market development, development of appropriate technology, planting village movements, and organizing integrated health post can be a support for village food security. The utilization of Village Funds in the area of community empowerment such as developing or assisting production tools and capital to economic actors of the village by doing rolling pattern, improving the capacity of integrated health post management, training and developing compost, and increasing the capacity of community groups to use appropriate technology can also support the improvement of food security.
The aims of this study are to analyze the use of Village Funds in supporting food security in Kuwu Village and to analyze strategy of food security improvement through the use of Village Funds in Kuwu Village.

RESEARCH METHOD
The type of this research is quantitative research. This research used descriptive approach to analyze the use of Village Funds in supporting food security in Kuwu Village. Quantitative approach is used when weighting and scoring on the results of identifying strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat which use SWOT analysis to analyze strategy to improve food security through the use of Village Funds in Kuwu Village, Dempet Subdistrict, Demak Regency. This analysis needs SWOT matrix and these matrix could provide four strategy possibilities (Fafurida, et alI, 2016). Sampling technique that used in this research was purposive sampling technique with 97 respondents from the community and 3 respondents from the village head, village treasurer, and the Chairperson of Gapoktan of Kuwu Village. The type of data in this research are primary and secondary data. Data collection method used in this research are methods of observation, interview and questionnaires.

The Utilization of Village Funds in Supporting Food Security
Villages as autonomous regions can be used as the spearhead in realizing food security through the use of Village Funds. Village Funds are one of the village revenues that are sourced from the State Budget. Kuwu Village Funds Distribution is done by transferring from the State General Cash Account to the Regional General Treasury Account of the Demak Regency, then transferring to the Kuwu Village Cash Account Village as autonomous region can be used as the spearhead in realizing food security through the use of Village Funds. Village Fund is one of the village income which is originated from the State Budget and Expenditure. The planning of Village Funds utilization is done through village Conference (musdes) which aims to gather the aspirations and needs of the community. The Village Conference was attended by village head and all village officials, Village Consultative Agency (VCA), the Village Community Tenacity Institution (VCTI), community leaders, religious leaders, and community elements.
Based on table 3, During the three-year budget of Village Fund, the Kuwu Village Government more prioritized on physical development and means or infrastructure of transportation such as concrete, talud construction, and bridge construction, even in 2017 one of the activities of community empowerment was BUMDesa in the form of physical development, namely the physical construction of drying floors and chaff fences security of chaff on Community Food Granary. This was also found by Handra and friends (2017) that Village Funds are more widely used for the construction of village physical facilities and infrastructure. Kharisma, Anwar, and Supranoto (2013) said that transportation facilities and infrastructure could open access to poverty alleviation programs and smoothen the economic activities of rural communities. Whereas community empowerment activities play an important role for the welfare of community, namely strengthening the capital of community business, improving food security, improving the settlement environment, health and education, using appropriate technology and developing neglected socio -cultural. Food security activities just received an injection of funds from the Village Fund in 2016 which was allocated for socialization and training of yards utilization, and supplying guava fruit seeds. The yard utilization program in Kuwu Village still faces obstacles. Yard utilization activities do not run optimally. Stimulation of yard utilization training by distributing guava fruit seeds to community do not run well because many guava tree were die, due to lack of care by the community itself. There were lack direction and supervision from Kuwu village government to optimize yards as food access and food diversification for families' consumption.
The utilization of village funds to support food security in 2017 was allocated for the construction of farm business road infrastructure and BUMDesa. The improvement of farm's road will make it easier for farmers to transport agricultural production facilities, agricultural equipment and machinery and the transportation of agricultural products. This will facilitate community agricultural business and will support the effort of agricultural development to meet sufficiency of food availability.
Community Food Granary of Kuwu Village was inaugurated by the Regent of Demak in 2012, but since 2015 to 2017 the village food granary was not operated. Community food granary of Kuwu Village now has become BUMDesa which has got allocation of Village Funds in 2017 in the form of physical construction of drying floors, construction of chaff security fences and capital in the form of purchasing grain as food reserves in Community Food Granary After physical development in 2017, the Community Food Granary was hired by rice skipper. This makes people assume that Community Food Granary is owned by the skipper and not for the interest of community. Besides that the physical development of the food granary is considered to be inaccurate, because the inactivity of Community Food Granary is more caused by the damage of tools and rice milling machine. Although Community Food Granary gets capital from the use of Village Funds, the Community Food Granary is only active during harvest season.

The Strategy to Increase Food Security through Village Funds Utilization in Kuwu Village
Strategy is a tool to achieve goals. In other words, strategy is a tool used to achieve long-term goal which has been established (Rangkuti, 2015). Appropriate strategy analysis to improve food security through village funds utilization in Kuwu Village by using SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis uses various analysis models with the following stages: identification of internal factors (IFAS) and external factors (EFAS) in improving food security through village funds utilization. Based on the identification of internal factors, the strengths and weaknesses found in improving food security through Village Funds utilization in Kuwu Village are: Based on table 4, 5he calculation results show that in improving food security Kuwu Village has dominant strength compared to its' weaknesses. The biggest strength aspect is the factor of adequacy of food availability with weighting score is 0.47, while the biggest weakness factor is village fund utilization is not maximal in supporting food security is 0.25. Based on identification of external factors (EFAS) in improving food security at Kuwu Village, there are several opportunities and threats. Opportunities and threats for Kuwu Village in improving food security through Village Funds Utilization are: The Existence of village market has not been optimally utilized 2 0,11 0,22 The utilization of yard is not yet optimal 2,3 0,10 0,22 The role of village community granary is not optimal 1,7 0,10 0,18 The village fund utilization is not maximal in supporting food security 2,7 0,09 0,25 Total of Weakness 0,51 1,09 Total Internal Weighting score 0,68 Source: Primary Data, processed 2018 Based on table 5, the calculation results show that in improving food security at Kuwu Village has dominant opportunity compared to its' threat. The biggest opportunity aspect is the presence of agricultural, fishery and livestock activities which has score 0.41. While the threat aspect is Pest and disease attacks which cause the decrease in food production which has score 0.25 is the biggest threat in the efforts to improve food security in Kuwu Village.
The results of this study in determining strategies to improve food security through the use of appropriate village funds in Kuwu Village using SWOT analysis. The results of the calculation of internal strategy factor analysis and external strategy factors are then included in the Grand Strategy Matrix so that the strategies obtained are as shown in figure 1.
Human Resources Development that can be done through socialization, counseling, and training in food field by involving institutional roles in Kuwu Village such as Gapoktan, farmer groups, women farmers' groups, PKK, and Integrated Health Post.  Improving road farming infrastructure to support production activities and to facilitate mobility of agricultural equipment and machinery, transportation of agricultural.
The figure 1 shows the total score of internal-external factors, the weighting score obtained from internal factors is 0.68 and external factors is 0.85, this shows the results of the coordinate lies in quadrant I area so that the right strategy used to improve food security through Village Funds Utilization in Kuwu Village is supporting aggressive growth policy (growth oriented strategy) by maximizing the strengths and opportunities of Kuwu Village.
Based on the results of SWOT matrix analysis, several strategies can be proposed to improve food security through Village Funds Utilization in Kuwu Village as follows:

SO strategy
Improving food production capacity through intensification and diversification will ensure food availability as well as supporting food diversification efforts. Human Resources Development that can be done through socialization, counseling, and training in food field by involving institutional roles in Kuwu Village such as Gapoktan, farmer groups, women farmers' groups, PKK, and Integrated Health Post. Improving road farming infrastructure to support production activities and to facilitate mobility of agricultural equipment and machinery, transportation of agricultural production facilities, and transportation of agricultural products from land to the storage, processing place, or markets.

WO strategy
Improving the role of local institutions (PKK, women farmers, Integrated Health Post) in raising community awareness about the importance of diverse, nutritious and balanced food through intensive socialization and promotion Improving the participation of community in food provision and nutrition sources through optimalization of yards utilization through intensive and participative assistance.

ST Strategy
Improving production, productivity and efficiency through agriculture modernization by developing production facilities (seeds, fertilizers and insecticides), land-processing technologies (tractors), cultivation technologies (planting methods, balanced fertilization, cropping patterns), integrated pest control technology and technology postharvest.
Development of capital assistance to economic actors of the village by doing rolling pattern, especially for farmers should get capital during paceklik or famine period.

WT Strategy
Village market development to support food access and as a place to sell agricultural products from Kuwu Village community.
Coaching and training to improve the skills of community in processing local raw foods to increase selling value of agricultural products as well as increasing food diversity Strengthening the Community Food Granary institution to develop food reserves and develop sell delay system to regulate the time in marketing agricultural products, waiting for bargaining positions and high selling points to gain profits and maintain food stability.
Village Fund is village income originated from transfer of the State Budget and Expenditure (APBN) which is used to finance the implementation of development, community development, and empowerment of village communities. The central government has authority to set priorities for Village Funds utilization, but does not limit local initiatives in designing programs / development activities, but rather provides view priority of Village Funds utilization. One of the village development activities and community empowerment that may be funded by Village Fund is village food security activities.
The formulation strategy obtained aims to optimize village funds utilization in supporting food security. Formulated strategy is directing the utilization of village funds to support agricultural activities such as agricultural modernization, construction of farming roads, and Human Resources Development. Isbandi and Rusdiana (2014) say that agricultural modernization by bringing nearer on the improving efficiency and productivity of agricultural land, the use of superior seeds, agricultural tools and machinery, integrated disease control, postharvest and food processing. Whereas the development of road infrastructure and facilities in agriculture in order to make the agricultural activities more dynamic, economic, and accessible in handling crop yields. In addition to realize food security also underlines human resources development which includes education and training in the food field, science dissemination and technology and counseling in the food field.
Krisdyatmiko (2012) says that placing the village as a basis for food security has been proven by several villages in Indonesia. The village government carries out agricultural development to improve food security. In addition, generally village government in facilitating agricultural programs and food security in particular, and also equipped with the ability to consolidate all the potency of village institutions as partners of village government in mobilizing village development.

CONCLUSION
Based on the results of this research which has been done, it can be concluded that Kuwu Village Funds Utilization is more directed for physical development and construction of transportation facilities. Village Funds Utilization to support food security received an injection of funds in 2016 in the form of socialization and training in yard utilization, procurement of guava fruit seeds. In 2017, Village Funds Utilization to support food security was directed to BUMDesa in the form of construction of farming roads, drying floors and security chaff fences and capital assistance for Community Food Granary.
The right strategy to improve food security through Village Funds Utilization in Kuwu Village by Matrix Grand Strategy obtained in quadrant I position is supporting aggressive growth policies. Then alternative strategy which is in line with SWOT matrix is by maximizing the strengths and opportunities such as increasing food production capacity through intensification and diversification, human resources development, and improving the infrastructure of farming road to support agricultural activities Based on the results of analysis and discussion, the suggestions that can be made, first it is necessary to do follow up programs and activities of village funds utilization in supporting food security in the form of intensive assistance starting from planting techniques, processing of planting media, maintenance, and prevention of pests in the yard utilization program. In addition, it is necessary to do cooperation between Village Government and Department of Agriculture and Food of Demak Regency to conduct periodic and ongoing guidance in the effort to develop Community Food Granary (BUMDesa).
The need for strategy that involves all parties in an integrated and sustainable manner to improve food security such as the need for collaboration between village governments, local governments, and communities for the development of agricultural cultivation technologies ranging from planting methods, balanced fertilization, cropping patterns, until integrated pest control. Strengthening the institutions by proactive efforts from the village government to invite the members of poktan, KWT, PKK, and Integrated Health Post who are not active to participate in institutional activities, Human Resources development through socialization and training with participative approach to the community both affiliated and not affiliated with institutions and the development of food processing industries in leading agricultural commodities as an effort to diversify food consumption and increase added value of agricultural products.