Community Participation Level in Development of Keseneng Tourism Village

This research aims to identify the level of community participation in the development of Keseneng Tourism Village, to know the inhibiting factors in the development of tourism villages, and to identify efforts to overcome obstacles to increase the participation of the Keseneng Village community. The design in this study is a case study research with a type of qualitative descriptive research. The data used are primary and secondary data. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews and documentation. The data validity technique uses triangulation techniques. Trianggulation technique means using different data collection techniques to get data from the same source. The results showed that the level of community participation in the development of the Keseneng Tourism Village using the Arnstein ladder was in the stage of Placatation. Participation in the threatening stage means that the communication made by the community and the government has been done well. The community also has the opportunity to place its representatives in the development of Keseneng Tourism Village activities. The inhibiting factors in the development of Keseneng Tourism Village are lack of funding, quality of Human Resources, knowledge and insights of the community regarding tourism villages, and incomplete facilities and infrastructure. Efforts are being made to overcome obstacles by disseminating tourism, providing skills training, fostering tourism villages, participating in marketing and publishing Keseneng Tourism Village, as well as comparative studies to other tourist villages..


INTRODUCTION
Tourism is one of the leading sectors for the Indonesian economy. The tourism sector is also one of the strategic sectors in developing national and regional economies, in addition to the tax sector. This sector has become part of the development of the global economy whose growth is very fast (Rahayu, 2006).
Based on Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia No. 50 of 2011 in the RIPPARNAS (National Tourism Development Master Plan) in 2010-2025, Central Java Province, one of The National Tourism Strategic Areas (KSPN). The tourism sector in Central Java province is considered a potential sector in contributing to regional income. Tourism development needs to be done in a comprehensive and integrated manner to be able to attract visitors both locally and from outside the region (Taufiqurrohman, 2014). The tourism sector in the province of Central Java is able to contribute substantial regional income to the income of the province of Central Java. The following is a contribution from the tourism sector of the province of Central Java.  2013 214,513,465,633 -2014 232,510,898,616 8% 2015 238,373,330,846 3% 2016 262,984,817,326 10% 2017 289,496,115,420 11% Source : Tourism Office Central Java Province, 2017.
From table 1 it can be seen that the income of the tourism sector in Central Java province each year has a tendency to increase. Increased income in the tourism sector is caused by the increase in tourist attraction in Central Java, resulting in increasing tourists visiting Central Java province. The Joglosemar area (Yogyakarta, Solo and Semarang) is a golden triangle area which is the center of economic growth. As a buffer for the provincial capital of Central Java, Semarang Regency is a city that has the potential to be developed into a tourist destination. In accordance with the Regional Regulation of Central Java Province No. 10 of 2012 concerning the Central Java Provincial Development Plan for Tourism (RIPPAR -PROV) in 2012-2027 article 10 states that Semarang became one of the Central Java Province Tourism Destinations (DPP). Semarang Regency is also a tourism destination for urbanites. The strategic position of Semarang Regency as a buffer for the capital of Central Java Province has hill and mountainous natural conditions that have cool temperatures (Semarang Regency RPJMD 2016-2021.  (Nurseptiani & Mustam, 2015).
In the management of tourist villages, community participation is really needed because the tourism sector is very much in need of participation from the community. In every tourism activity it is very important for the presence of the community. According to (Wahidin, 2017) mentioning that the community is currently being sued not only as an object of tourism, but as a subject of tourism so that the community has responsibility in developing tourism objects in their area and getting a real economic impact in the form of increasing community income.
Local communities, especially indigenous people who live in tourist areas have become one of the key actors in managing tourist destinations because they provide the majority of tourist attractions. Actually, the community has the ability to contribute to the management of tourist destinations optimally, so they are given the opportunity to plan, manage and utilize these tourist destinations. With the opportunity for the community to participate in the management of tourism destinations , the community will feel involved and feel that they are taking care.
In truth, in the process of developing and managing this tourist village, it requires community participation so that people can feel that they have a tourist village. If the community is involved, the community can channel their aspirations towards the development of this tourist village. In the concept of tourism villages that should be the subject of development is the community. It is the community who plans, manages and later will be able to benefit from the existence of this tourist village in his village. According to opinion (Mak, Cheung, & Hui, 2017) which states that community participation is carried out in order to obtain economic benefits, benefit the tourism sector, and for sustainable development.
Looking at these conditions, the researchers wanted to see how far the level of Keseneng Village participation was in managing and developing Keseneng Tourism Village. With the role of the community in the management and development of Keseneng Tourism Village, later it can have a positive impact on the people of Keseneng Village.

METHOD
The type of research approach used in this study is qualitative research. Design in research is case study research. Case study research (field research) is research that aims to find out or study intensively a natural / social phenomenon to find the linkages between various accompanying phenomena. The data sources used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data in this study were obtained by researchers directly in the field from the key informants (keyperson) concerned in accordance with the subject matter discussed. The sampling technique in this study was conducted by purposive sampling . Data collection techniques were obtained by interview, documentation, direct observation of the Keseneng Village community.
This research using triangulation techniques. Triangulation technique means that researchers use different data collection techniques to get data from the same source. The triangulation technique used is as follows: (1) Comparing observational data with interview data. The actions taken by the researchers at this stage were to compare the two observations in the field, namely regarding community participation in the development of the Silent Tourism Village with the results of interviews from Keyperson. (2) Compare what people say in public with what is said personally.
(3) Compare the results of interviews with the contents of a related document.
The level of community participation in the development of Tourism Village is measured by using the participation ladder of Arnstein (1969) known as the eight steps of community participation (Eight on the ladder of citizen participation).
In Arnstein concept explained that community participation is based on community strength to determine a plan or a program. Each ladder is differentiated based on the level of community strength in determining a plan / program. In general, in this model there are three levels of categories, namely: (1) Non-participation, (2) Degree of Tokenism, (3) Degree of Citizen Power.
The first and second levels of Manilupation and Therapy are categorized in Non participation. Manipulation ladder only aims to educate, educate and treat the community. Whereas in the second ladder, therapy has communication but is still limited, the initiative comes from the government (power holders) and only one direction.
Informing Ladder, Consultation and Placation are categorized in the Degree of Tokenism, namely community participation has been heard and argued but they do not have the ability to get assurance that their views will be considered by the holders of power, at this stage community participation has very little possibility of producing changes in society.
Partnership Ladder, Delegated Power and Citizen Control is categorized in the Degree of Citizen Power where the community has an influence on the decision making process of community participation. The community has entered the space for determining the process, results and impacts of the policy policy.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Tourism is a tourist activity for tourists to travel from one place to another for various activities. Tourism has the potential to improve people's welfare because of the multiplier effect, so that tourism development needs to be carried out.
Community-based tourism is an empowerment approach that involves and puts the community as the subject or main actor in sustainable tourism development (sustainable development paradigm). Sustainable development as development that maintains the sustainability of the social life of the community, maintains an increase in the economic welfare of the community, and maintains the quality of the environment of the community. The need through tourism can increase economic growth, which in turn can have a long-term impact on the social life of the community such as improving the quality of education, improving the quality of life of the community, and improving the quality of tourism and the surrounding environment.
Keseneng Tourism Village is one of the Tourism Villages in Semarang Regency. Keseneng Tourism Village was used as a Tourism Village in May 2010 at the initiative of the Semarang Regency Tourism Office at that time because of the potential in Keseneng Village. The community is involved in the development of the Keseneng Tourism Village so that the development of Desa Wisaya can provide benefits that can be enjoyed by the local community.
The results of the study show that the community participates in the development of tourist villages, there is a tourism potential that can be used for the survival of the Keseneng Village community. Based on the results of observations and interviews of Keseneng Village informants, community participation given in the development of the Keseneng Tourism Village was as a form of planning, implemen-tation and supervision.
The participation of the Keseneng Village community began at the beginning of a tourist attraction in Keseneng Village. Pokdarwis C7B is one of the results of community participation in the management of tourism in Keseneng Village. However, along with the development of the Keseneng Tourism Village until now, the establishment of Pokdarwis has been established, the management of tourism villages is only carried out by Pokdarwis C7B, while the community helps in managing outside tourism objects. In his opinion (Rasoolimanesh & Jaafar, 2015) said that all levels of society are required to participate in tourism planning and decision making in order to feel the impact of economic development.
Based on the results of study in Keseneng Village, the level of community participation carried out in the development of Tourism Villages using the level of Arnstein participation can be grouped as follows in the appendix The level of community participation in the development activities of the Keseneng Tourism Village in the form of planning, implementation and supervision as a whole is at the stage of Placatation . This means that in the process of implementing community participation activities, they have been able to communicate with the government well and there have been negotiations or deliberations from representatives of the community. The community provides input in the form of ideas and ideas more significantly in determining the results of decisions, but their ideas and ideas are still calculated by the government.
The involvement of the Keseneng Village community that has been carried out since the beginning has become one of the factors that makes community participation to date. Community participation carried out from the beginning of the formation can increase the likelihood of participation going well in the future. This is because with the involvement of the community from the beginning, the level of self-responsibility towards the program can increase. Pokdariws which is one of the institutions that manage tourism activities in Keseneng Village is one of the places for the Keseneng Tourism Village community participation. According to (Hakim & Fafurida, 2018) said that if the management of tourist attractions managed by the local community will increase community participation.
The development of tourist villages is considered by the community to be very appropriate, because the concept of tourism villages is considered to be able to accommodate community involvement in the development of tourism in Keseneng Village. So that it can increase the local wisdom of the community to become an attraction for tourists who visit.
Development of tourist villages there must be obstacles and obstacles that are the cause. From the results of study conducted by researchers with Pokdarwis Management, Traders and Government have several obstacles that hinder community participation in the development of tourism villages. The Inhibiting Factors of Community Participation in Tourism Village Development include: First, lack of funding. In each activity, besides the subject being the main factor, other supporting factors are the lack of funding. However, if the supporting factors do not exist, it will become a constraining factor because in each funding activity is the most important thing so that activities can run.
Second, the quality of Human Resources (HR). It is well known that some people still consider this factor that can influence the desire and ability of the community to participate in the development of tourism villages. The lack of skills and skills of the community is very inhibiting the development.
Third, knowledge and insight of the community regarding tourism villages. Lack of knowledge and insight into community tourism can also lead to reduced public awareness of the development of tourism villages. The community, especially in tourist areas, is required to understand and be aware of the existence of tourist villages and to have knowledge and insight into tourism, especially tourist villages.
Fourth, the facilities and infrastructure are not yet complete. Facilities and infrastructure are one of the important factors in tourism. Keseneng Tourism Village in its development, does not yet have adequate facilities and infrastructure. With the existence of tourism support facilities and infrastructure, it is expected to increase tourists and increase the income of Keseneng Tourism Village.
The activity of developing tourism villages is not always going well. Sometimes community participation in the participation of activities still has obstacles. Not infrequently these obstacles make the tourist village run backwards and lose to the new tourist village. For this reason, the need for evaluation from the government, the community and Pokdarwis as the manager of the Keseneng Tourism Village.
Based on the results of the study , the efforts that have been made village government and Semarang district Government to increase the participation of Tourism Village Keseneng namely: (1) Dissemination information about tourism, especially tourism villages to the community and fostering tourism villages. (2) Provide training related to tourism villages. (3) Participate in marketing and publicizing Keseneng Tourism Village.
While the efforts made by the Keseneng Village community, especially the Pokdarwis management as the manager of the Keseneng Tourism Village are: (1) Inviting speakers from Yogyakarta for training on village tourism management and training in making wicker.
(2) Holding a culinary culinary culinary training program as an icon of Keseneng Tourism Village. (3) Hold comparative studies in more advanced tourist villages as learning material. (4) Dissemination to the Keseneng Village community regarding tourism villages.

CONCLUSION
Based on the results of the research and discussion on the level of community participation in the development of Keseneng Tourism Village, conclusions can be drawn as follows: (1) The level of Keseneng Village participation in the development of the Keseneng Tourism Village using the Arnstein ladder is in the stage of Placatation . This shows that communication carried out by the community and the relevant government has been done well. The community also has the opportunity to place its representatives in a Keseneng Tourism Village development activity.
(2) Factors in the Keseneng Village community barrier in the development of Keseneng Tourism Village are lack of funding, the quality of Human Resources, knowledge and insights of the community regarding tourism villages, and incomplete facilities and infrastructure.
(3) Efforts are made to overcome these obstacles by conducting tourism information dissemination, providing skills training, fostering tourism villages, participating in marketing and publishing Keseneng Tourism Village, as well as comparative studies to other tourist villages.

Manipulation
The community involvement function only aims to educate and educate the community.
There are relatively few dialogues and discussions.
Government participation for the community to educate the public to be aware of tourism by conducting discussions at the initial stage of formation.
There is a match between the results of the research of Keseneng Village community participation and the characteristics of the manipulation level of the Arnstein ladder.

Therapy
The community is involved in participation because of the compulsion for change. Communication already exists but is still limited, initiatives coming from the government (holders of power) are only one-way.
The community participates because they think they improve their lives. There is conformity in the characteristics that occur during the consultation phase between the government and the Keseneng Village community in the absorption of aspirations and two-way communication.
There is a suitability for the submission of funding proposals from the community.

Placatation
Communication has gone well between the community and the government. Communities have the opportunity to place their representatives in an activity or project.
Communication has been carried out by the Keseneng Village community with the government. The community involved to participate in the development of Keseneng Tourism Village.
There is conformity in the characteristics that occur at the stage of disability, namely the placement of representatives in an activity and communication that has been carried out.

Partnership
The community is able to establish partnerships with outside parties. There is an equal position of society and government.
Keseneng villagers have not been able to establish cooperation in terms of partnerships with outside parties.
The absence of conformity in the characteristics of the Arnstein ladder partnership with the characteristics of the partnership results of the study.

Delegation of Power (Delegated Power)
The community has more power than the government in making decisions.

Keseneng
Village Community does not have higher rights than the government as the decision maker The absence of conformity in the characteristics of delegated power because the highest authority is the government.

Citizen Control
The community has full control over the decisions and sustainability of an activity. The function of government involvement is minimal. Community participation is so high that the community is the highest holder of power.
The community does not have full power over decisions and sustainability in the development of tourism villages. Community participation has not been maximized so that the people of Keseneng Village are not yet as holders of power.
The lack of conformity of Citizen Control characteristics of Arnsten's level with the characteristics of the research results in Keseneng Tourism Village.