Implementation of Swadaya Housing Stimulant Assistance

People who are less fortunate still find it difficult to get access to decent homes. The Government of Indonesia through the Ministry of Public Works and Housing has developed a program that is oriented towards housing development, namely the Self-Help Housing Stimulant Assistance aimed at Low-Income Communities. The purpose of this study is to measure the success of the implementation of Self-Help Housing Stimulant Assistance in Tempuran Village, Bringin District, Semarang Regency. The research method used is descriptive percentage. The type of data used is primary data using a questionnaire. The variables used are program standards and targets, institutional capacity, funding and social and political conditions. The results of the study, the percentage of standard variables and program targets is 73% categorized as successful. The results of the analysis of the percentage of institutional capacity variables that is 73% are categorized successful. The results of the analysis of the percentage of financing variables are 86% until the categorization is very successful. The results of the analysis of the percentage of social and political conditions variables are 44% categorized quite successful. The policy implications, assistance and supervision of the Field Facilitator are needed for the KPB to carry out its development independently, the need for prior notification of the preparation of additional self-funding in the BSPS program by the beneficiary community itself for the completion of the housing construction process, the need for participation from surrounding communities and interest groups who have the opinion that the implementation goes well


INTRODUCTION
Poverty is one of the complex problems that is almost experienced by all regions in Indonesia, one of which is Central Java.
Poverty is a condition or condition of a person's inability to fulfill his basic needs such as clothing, food, housing, education and health, which is caused by the scarcity of  Based on the statement of Mr. Kumarudin, the beneficiary community formed in the group of aid recipients did not carry out the construction in groups, then there were people who built new houses, whereas in the provision of BSPS assistance this was only a stimulant so that the allotment for repair or improvement of the quality of the house if used for the construction of new houses means that the assistance obtained is not enough, and there are no sanctions for the recipient community who do not carry out the construction according to the provisions.
Implementation is one of the stages in the policy process. The implementation process becomes important, because the successful implementation of a policy program will have an impact in accordance with the objectives of the program made. Based on research conducted by Wardani (2010) the success of implementation is influenced by several things including standards and policy objectives, institutional capacity, and financing.
The suitability of program implementation in accordance with the standards and targets specified in the technical guidelines and regulations can affect the success of program implementation, this is because in a program there are already limits and program provisions as well as clear program implementation objectives. Based on research conducted by Zulkarnain (2016) that the performance of policy implementation can be measured in terms of success if the basic measures and policy objectives must be seen to be understood well by the implementers of the policy and the people who are the target group. The appropriateness of the organizing process and the duties and responsibilities carried out by the implementor become part of the institutional capacity measure. The attitude and ability of the human resources involved as the program implementation influences the successful implementation of the program. Based on research conducted by Inggriani (2015) that the role and attitude of HR as an implementor are things that support the smooth implementation of the program. Then in his research Priadi (2018) the relationship between institutions and the attitude of the implementor is a matter of influencing program implementation.
One of the resources used besides HR is financing or funding. Program funding in implementation and the adequacy of resources channeled can affect the success of program implementation. Based on Juniarko's research, Surjono and Anwar (2012) Program funding affects the smooth implementation of the program, both from the mechanism of aid distribution and the form of aid distributed. Then the research conducted by Isabela, Sesar and Amaliatulwalidain (2017) community understanding of the assistance received affects the adequacy of assistance according to program needs.
Social and political conditions are also important in influencing implementation. Social and political conditions in each place are different so that it could be that the implementation is said to be successful in one place but not in other places due to different conditions. Based on research conducted by Nata, Manossoh and Mawikere (2018) that the participation of local communities and village officials is important to support the running of the program. Then the research conducted by Hariyani (2016) characteristics of the institutions and ruling regimes influences the implementation of the program. The purpose of this study was to measure the successful implementation of the Self-Help Housing Stimulant Assistance Program in Tempuran Village, Bringin District, Semarang Regency.

METHOD
This research uses descriptive quantitative method. According to Sugiyono (2014) quantitative research methods are research in which data are in the form of numbers and analysis using statistics. Researchers used this method to describe the success rate of the implementation of the Self-Help Housing Stimulant Assistance Program in Tempuran Village, Bringin District, Semarang Regency.
This study uses primary data that is data obtained directly through research informants. Data obtained through questionnaires, and documentation. The primary data source in this study came from a questionnaire with samples taken from the beneficiary community in Tempuran Village. Measuring success indicators used were: program standards and targets, institutional capacity, funding, and social and political conditions In the technique of determining the sample for the questionnaire used a random sampling technique. To get the sample, Slovin formula is used in the determination as follows, from the total population with an inaccuracy rate of 12%, then using the formula above obtained a sample of: Then the sample taken for filling out the questionnaire was 32 residents receiving BSPS in Tempuran Village The technique of calculating the questionnaire uses the Guttman scale, where the respondent chooses a firm answer from two answer choices namely yes and no or already and not yet. The technique of scoring on the questionnaire by Sugiyono (2014) applied in this study is as follows: For answers "Yes" or "Already" given a score of 1 and For answers "No" or "Not yet" given a score of 0 Questionnaire result data was calculated by percentage descriptive analysis. Then transform from each variable into a sentence. The calculation results are included in the percentage table according to the application criteria. How to determine the application criteria is to determine the highest and lowest percentage first using the following formula Sahara, et al (2012): After obtaining the highest and lowest percentage the next step is to determine the class interval with the formula Sahara, et al (2012)

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In 2018 Tempuran Village received a Self-Help Housing Stimulant Assistance (BSPS) with 58 beneficiaries in four hamlets namely Cekelan, Krajan, Glompong and Tepusan. The acceptance of the BSPS is mandated by the central government for low-income people to improve the quality of houses that were previously unfit for habitation and by selfsupporting development by the community. Regulations and technical instructions that have been made and issued by the central government in the form of ministerial regulations as well as technical implementation instructions which can then be used as references or guidelines for implementors in implementing BSPS programs The implementation of the Self-Help Housing Stimulant Assistance Program in Tempuran Village was measured based on 4 variables, namely the program's standards and targets, institutional capacity, financing and social and political conditions. The percentage is divided into 5 classes the lowest percentage is 0 and the highest is 100% with intervals of each class is 20%, namely by category, very unsuccessful, unsuccessful, moderately successful, successful, and very successful. The results of this research are said to be successful with a percentage of 71% calculated based on the acquisition of questionnaire scores that have been filled out by respondents. The results and discussion of the percentage acquisition of each variable are as follows:

Program Standards and Targets
There are 2 indicators measuring the success of implementation in the standard variables and program targets, namely the suitability of the program recipient and the condition of the house before and after the program.Hasil analisi persentase kesesuian penerima program adalah sebagai berikut: Based on the percentage results that 100% or all respondents have their own homes and also have land certificates so that renovated houses will not have problems in terms of ownership or land disputes. All recipients are also the first time receiving housing assistance. All beneficiaries also formed a group of recipients of aid (KPB), this group was a non-governmental group and within the group also formed a chairperson, secretary and treasurer who were concurrently members of the group, the purpose of establishing a KPB was to increase community self-sufficiency in order to improve housing quality. However, groups consisting of less than 20 people according to the provisions in 1 group. So the percentage for indicators of suitability of program recipients is 80%. The group consists of 20 people 32 0 0% Maximum scores, total score and percentage score 160 128 80% Source: processed data The results of the analysis of the suitability of housing conditions before the program are as follows Based on the percentage calculation, the most damage to the building is on the roof of the building part of the roof truss or roof cover, that is all respondents with mildly damaged or heavily damaged conditions that are 100% experienced by all respondents. Building area is not enough space 32 7 22% Maximum of scores, total score and percentage score 32 153 48% Source: processed data Then out of a total of 32 respondents 66% or 21 respondents have building floors that are still ground and 97% or 31 respondents have buildings with wooden walls. 84% or 27 of a total of 32 respondents had poor lighting conditions and 59% or 19 of a total of 32 respondents ventilated for ventilation in the house were still not enough. Some people also do not have a toilet or bathroom of their own, but the percentage can be seen only 13% or only 4 people from a number of 32 respondents 87% or 28 others have their own toilet and bathroom, meaning that most of the community already has a toilet and own bathroom. Of the minimum area adequacy of 22% or 7 recipients whose houses do not meet the minimum adequacy of the area and 25 other recipients have met the minimum adequacy of area. The percentage of housing conditions before the program is 48% with unfit living conditions The results of the analysis of the percentage of housing conditions after the program are as follows: Has its own latrine 32 29 91% 7 Has its own bathroom 32 29 91% 8 Has its own bedroom 32 32 100% 9 Has its own living room 32 29 91% 10 Space is sufficient 32 29 91% Maximum of scores, total score and percentage score 320 275 86% Source: processed data Based on the results of the percentage of housing conditions after the program is 86% of the houses have met the criteria for livable homes, meaning that there was a 38% improvement in the quality of housing conditions from before the program after the program. 100% or all respondents have proper roofs and walls and can protect the safety of their residents after renovation, 97% or 31 of 32 respondents have a floor that can protect the safety of their inhabitants after renovation.
The condition of the house 97% of respondents after the program had adequate lighting coming into the house. 94% have adequate ventilation in the house. 91% have their own latrines and bathrooms. 100% or all of the respondents have their own sleeping space. 91% have their own living room and home area after the program has provided enough space The results of the analysis of the percentage of standards and policy objectives are: The condition of the house before the program 320 153 48% 3 The condition of the house after the program 320 275 86% Maximum number of scores, total score and percentage score 800 581 73% Source: processed data The results of the percentage of standard variables and program targets is 73% so that it is categorized successful.
The success of the implementation of a policy program can be measured one of them with the standards and program targets that have been set, in implementing the Self-Help Housing Stimulant Assistance Program the standard and program targets have been regulated in Permen PURP No 07 / PRT / M / 2018 on Self-Help Housing Stimulant Assistance. so that the program implemented can be directed and can achieve the specified targets, according to Van Meter and Horn standards and policy program objectives must be clear and structured so that they can be realized, and according to Grandle in implementing a policy program success can be illustrated from the extent of changes that occur, and whether the location of a program is right. In this case the standards and targets of the BSPS Program in Desa Tempuran in 2018 are measured from 2 indicators namely the suitability of the program recipient, the condition of the house before the program and the condition of the house after the program The results of the analysis of the percentage of standard and target variables are 73% so that they are categorized successful, and according to the results obtained are in accordance with the theories that have been mentioned. conducted by Hariani and Tuwis (2016) that the impact of the implementation of BSPS is the improvement of people's welfare. The implementation of BSPS in Desa Tempuran in 2018 had carried out the construction of new houses, but this was caused by damage to homes that were already severe so it was better to do new housing construction, as in research by Zulkarnain (2017) there were people who were doing new housing construction which whereas the provisions are only renovation of the house, but in the study by Zulkarnain due to lack of information from the facilitator.

Institutional Capacity
There are 2 indicators of the success of implementation in the institutional capacity variable, namely the suitability of the tasks and responsibilities of the beneficiaries and the suitability of the program implementation process.
The results of the analysis of the percentage of conformity of duties and responsibilities of beneficiaries are as follows: The results of the analysis of the suitability of the process of organizing the program are as follows: The recipient of the assistance prepares a report on the receipt of aid stages 1 and 2 32 0 0% Total score, total score and percentage score 352 310 88% Source: processed data Based on the results of the percentage of suitability of the program implementation process that is 88% that the process that is carried out or carried out is very in accordance with predetermined rules, meaning that the characteristics of the implementor are compliant with the rules and regulations. All respondents with a percentage of 100% said that they had done socialization before the program, then also conducted verification and surveying, and identified the need for house renovation. 84% of respondents get a shipment of building materials on time and housing construction is also completed on time.
All respondents with a percentage of 100% also make payments for building materials by way of transfer, pay workers' wages in cash and receive assistance in two phases where the second stage is received after construction has reached 30%. It's just that the recipient of assistance is not able to prepare the report stages 1 and 2 due to the limited ability and understanding of the aid recipient, so that the preparation of the report is entirely carried out by Field Facilitator Staff (TFL).
The results of the analysis of institutional capacity variables are as follows: Maximum score, total score and percentage score 512 373 73% Source: processed data The result of the percentage of institutional characteristic variables is 73% so it is categorized successful.
The institutional capacity of the program in this study was measured based on the suitability of the tasks and responsibilities of the implementor as well as the suitability of the BSPS implementation process. The suitability of the implementor's duties and responsibilities is from the recipient community. The suitability of the process of providing assistance is the process of organizing according to the BSPS technical guidelines for 2018. The result of the percentage of institutional characteristic variables is 73% so that it is categorized successful.
The beneficiaries are members of the BSPS Beneficiary Group (CDE) where there is a responsibility that self-help housing is realized as a result of the efforts of population groups to meet housing needs. Based on the table 4.5 the suitability of the duties and responsibilities of the implementor in this case is the recipient is 39%. The community did not help each other or cooperate in the construction of their houses, statements from the beneficiary communities due to lack of manpower and time so that they focus on working on their own houses, besides the recipient communities also have hired artists individually which is also a new BSPS regulation which was implemented in 2018, so 1 recipient hired 1 handyman This also happened in several other previous studies such as the research conducted by Isabella, Julios Sesar, and Amaliatulwalidain (2014) in Way Serdang Subdistrict, Mesuji Regency, that there were human resource deficiencies because the community did not carry out mutual development. The new regulation adopted in 2018 has minimized obstacles in the implementation of the program so that in its implementation now there is no shortage of resources. The recipient of the assistance received assistance to improve the quality of the house by Rp. 15,000,000.00 32 32 100% 2 The help you receive is used to purchase building materials and pay the workers' wages 32 32 100% 3 Beneficiary communities receive building material and cash assistance in stages 1 and 2 32 32 100% Maximum number of scores, total score, and percentage score 96 96 100% Source: processed data Based on the percentage of funds distributed to aid recipients, it is known that the percentage results are 100%, which means that BSPS funds from the central government of the PURP Ministry can be distributed well to all recipients in the form of building materials and cash and are used by beneficiary communities. in accordance with the provisions and procedures.
The results of the analysis of the percentage of adequacy of funds according to community needs are as follows: Source: processed data Funds provided by the government of 15 million are not enough to renovate the house to completion because the funds provided are basically only stimulant funds, so the recipient community must prepare their own personal or self-help funds so that home renovations can be classified based on the results of a percentage of 72% of funds assistance can be said to be sufficient to renovate the respondent's house. All assistance was used by respondents for housing construction known to be 100%. In Tempuran Village, it can be said that it was more successful to see that 84% or 27 of 32 respondents were almost able to finish their renovations well even though they spent additional funds on their own. 31% or 10 out of 32 respondents said that the funds were sufficient to build their houses.
The results of the analysis of the percentage of financing variables are as follows: Source: processed data Based on the results of the percentage of financing variables is 86% so it is categorized very successful.
The successful implementation of the program can also be influenced by funding, available and adequate financing and being used wisely will support the successful implementation of the program, in accordance with Van Meter and Horn's theory that implementation needs to support both human and non-human resources, and for nonhumans one of them is financing. The success of funding in the implementation of the BSPS program in Desa Tempuran is measured by 2 indicators, namely the distribution of aid to the hands of recipients and the adequacy of funds according to community needs.
Assistance received by the community in the BSPS program is assistance from the central government of the Ministry of PUPR, assistance provided is 15 million rupiahs with the type of assistance in the form of construction materials totaling 12.5 million rupees and cash to pay the wage rental of workers at 2.5 million rupiah , these funds are intended to renovate or improve the quality of the houses of the beneficiary from uninhabitable homes to livable homes. In accordance with Grandle's theory that the types of benefits received interfere with the successful implementation of the program. Based on the results of the percentage in table 4.10 is 86% so it is categorized that the financing variable in the implementation of the BSPS program in Desa Tempuran is very successful.
Based on the percentage of the distribution of funds to the recipient's hands is 100% means that the BSPS funds from the central government of the Ministry of PURP can be channeled properly to all recipients in the form of building materials and cash and as well as used by the beneficiary communities in accordance with the provisions and procedures. The same thing also happened in a study by Ratih Setyo Rini (2018) in West Kalimantan that the funds given to beneficiary communities could be used properly. But what happened was different in Zulkarnain's research (2017) in Parigi Selatan Sub-District, Parigi Moutong Regency. In his research, the reception of aid occurred unevenly and was not used wisely so that home renovations were not completed.  Based on the analysis of the percentage of resource support from the community is 17% it can be said that the lack of support from the surrounding community for the implementation of the BSPS program. Only 34%, 11 out of 32 respondents who received assistance from workers and relatives who were not recipients of the assistance. 9% received financial assistance, 3 out of 32 respondents. And 6% received aid in the form of building materials from people or community members who were not. The results of the percentage analysis of the existence of support from interest groups: The village head is involved in implementing the BSPS program 32 9 28% Maximum number of scores, total score and percentage score 96 69 72% Source: processed data Based on the analysis of the percentage of support tables from interest groups in this case the support from the village head of the percentage is 72%. The involvement of the village head in the BSPS preparation process was 97% of the statements of 31 of the 32 respondents meaning that the village head was very involved in the preparation of the BSPS Program in Desa Tempuran. The involvement of village heads is 91% of the statements of 29 of the 23 respondents. And the involvement of the village head in the implementation was 28% of the statements of 9 of 32 respondents.
The results of the analysis of the percentage of social and political conditions variables are as follows: Source: processed data The results of the analysis of the percentage of social and political conditions is 44% so that it is quite successful.
Social and political conditions in the implementation of the BSPS program in Tempuran Village are measured by 2 indicators namely the presence of support from community resources and the support of interest groups. Basically, humans are social creatures, so in a social environment there is a relationship of mutual cooperation and mutual need. In this case social support is support from the surrounding community that is not included in the program recipient and the support from the interest groups here is from the village or kelurahan level government, namely the village head.
The result of the analysis of the percentage of social and political conditions was 44% so that it was categorized as quite successful, because despite the lack of support from the community, the village head continued to monitor the course of the program implementation process so that the BSPS program could be implemented well. Supporting social and political conditions in one region greatly influences the success of program implementation because it is possible that a program is declared to be successfully implemented in one area but fails to be implemented in another area due to the external conditions of the program which are less supportive. This has also been explained by Grandle in his theory that the policy environment or external environment such as the characteristics of institutions and regimes that are in power affect the implementation of the program. Social and political conditions affecting program implementation are also contained in the theory stated by Van Meter and Horn that the extent to which interest groups provide support, whether political elites support the implementation of policy programs and how the nature of public opinion in the environment.
As in Hariyani's research (2016) that this BSPS provides positive research from the community for the village head so that it will improve its image, which will have an impact on the support of residents when the village head will nominate again as village head in the next period. And the district government is very hopeful that the success of BSPS this year can provide an opportunity for the district to get BSPS assistance again the following year.
Different conditions occur in research conducted by Zulkarnain (2017) that in the research conducted at that time the sociopolitical conditions were not conducive so that the BSPS program that was implemented did not run well due to lack of coordination and communication between implementors so that the recipients of aid were lacking information.

Implementation of BSPS in Desa Tempuran
The results of the percentage of successful implementation of the BSPS Program in Desa Tempuran are as follows:

CONCLUSION
Based on the descriptions that have been disclosed in the discussion, several conclusions can be drawn, namely: The results of the analysis of the percentage of standard variables and program targets are 73% so that they are categorized successful, this is supported by the magnitude of changes that occur from improving the quality of housing conditions from unfit to housing the house is livable, so that it can improve the welfare of the community, as well as the accuracy of the target recipient program.
The results of the analysis of the percentage of institutional characteristics variables are 73% so that they are categorized successful based on the tasks and responsibilities of the beneficiaries.
The results of the analysis of the percentage of financing variables is 86% so it is categorized that the financing variables in the implementation of the BSPS program in Tempuran Village were very successful. The whole assistance up to the recipient of the beneficiary and the wise use of aid by the beneficiary support the successful implementation of the program. Self-financing from beneficiary communities also supports the completion of the BSPS program.
The results of the analysis of the presentation of social and political conditions is that 44% can be categorized as quite successful, because despite the lack of support from the community, the village head continues to monitor the course of the program implementation process so that the BSPS program can be implemented well.
The results of the analysis of the percentage of successful implementation of BSPS in Tempuran Village, Bringin District, Semarang Regency from 4 variables namely program standards and targets, institutional capacity, financing, and social and political conditions are 70% so that they can be categorized as successful.