Factors of Changes in Livelihood Choices for Generation Z and Impact on Farmer’s Families

Article Info ___________________ History Articles Received: 7 September 2020 Accepted: 5 November 2020 Published : 17 December 2020 __________________


INTRODUCTION
The bacgkground factors of the agricultural sector are less prestigious, high risk, the insufficient guarantee of level, stability and income sustainability; narrow average land tenure; diversification of non-agricultural businesses and agricultural industries in the Village is less / not developed; low succession in farm management; there is no special incentive policy for young farmers/beginners; and changes in the perspective of young people in the postmodern era like now. (Susilowati, 2016). Indonesia farmers, who from generation to generation are the ones who always lose out in their socio-economic life compared to other parties. farmers are only the object of suffering for government policies and entrepreneurs (Anggia Pratiwi, 2016).
Farmers who always lose money is a fact that affects almost all regions in Indonesia. Industrial livelihoods seem to be a livelihood that benefits the level of livelihoods in the agricultural sector (Febrianti, 2017). As is done by farmers in Brebes, namely the strategy of shallot farmers. Most of the livelihoods of the agricultural sector are not reduced by young people, they carry out household economic strategies by migrating to areas in groups. Socioeconomic relations are built by Brebes shallot farmers, both between farmers and local villagers, the relationship between grouping patterns, capital activities and production sharing systems, and meeting daily needs. (Arsal et al., 2019).
Most of the people of Desa Karangmalang, Mijen, Semarang depend on agricultural products for their livelihoods. In the population data, it is stated that the people who have livelihoods are 486 farmers and 135 farm laborers out of the 967 family heads of Desa Karangmalang (Monograph Desa Karangmalang, December 2019). However, the number of farmers is quite stable compared to previous years, the number of farmers in the last two years is as follows: According to the result of the research, the data show that from January to June 2018, a total of 1,045 farmers, including: landowners: 395 people, land cultivators: 355 people, tenants / lockers: 50 people, farm laborers: 245 people.
And another data show that from June to December 2019, a total of 486 farmer livelihoods include: Landowner farmers: 351 people, land cultivators: 0 people, tenant farmers / lockups: 0 people, farm laborers: 135 people.
The data above explains that the livelihood of farmers in Desa Karangmalang from 2018-2019 decreased by a number of 559 people, it means that agricultural livelihoods in Desa Karangmalang have decreased very drastically. One of the data on the decline in farmers' livelihoods is motivated by the taking over of land from agriculture to mining land. rice fields are turned into gold mines so that a shift in people's livelihoods occurs, as well as causing consumptive behavior. This condition has implications for the socio-economic status of the rice fields owner's family after gold mining (Melta Ardila Sari, Ardi Abbas, 2013).
From the monograph data of Desa Karangmalang, the reduction in the number of farmers in Desa Karangmalang is an indication that children from farming families are not interested in becoming farmers. The most dominant factor affecting the reduction of agricultural livelihoods in Desa Karangmalang is because agricultural livelihoods are hard and hot work, besides that according to children from farmer families in Karangmalang Village who are children of the generation born in this modern era, agricultural work has unsatisfactory income.
The changes of Livelihood is not in demand but also experienced by people who are affected by the tidal impact on activities, namely the loss of their livelihoods as experienced by fish farming farmers, disruption of transportation access, and the existence of various new jobs. The impact of the rob on social changes in the community in Desa Bedono , namely from the place of residence, livelihood, clean water, aquaculture system, to the social system of the community in Desa Bedono. New livelihoods are a solution and add to the data on reduced livelihoods of farmers (Kusuma et al., 2016).
In the 2018-2019 period, the percentage of agricultural livelihood choices decreased while the workforce working in the industrial sector increased. This mismatch means that there is a shift in the number of workers, if it is assumed that the shift in labor in the agricultural sector leads to the industrial sector. Based on this percentage, it can be said that the productivity of the industrial sector (capital intensive) is higher than the agricultural sector (labor intensive) (Darojah, 2012).
The productivity of the industrial sector is also balanced with the Entrepreneurship district. The era of globalization has made our country a part of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), thus demanding that people continue to innovate to explore the potential of the creative economy. The importance of local culture as a potential asset for developing entrepreneurship education among the people of Desa Bluru, Sidoarjo District, Sidoarjo, which is a form of changing the world of work for young people to be more creative and meet their needs. It is this kind of livelihood that allows the children of the younger generation to get an income that is in accordance with the current situation (Arsal, 2020).
Presentation of effective agricultural communication in extension activities so that farmers can develop their way of thinking. Agricultural extension workers with farming communities covering the fields of Human Resources empowerment, Technology Transfer and Farming Improvement. farmers have the opinion that if the use of production factors is added, it will produce a lot of output. Whereas in reality, excessive use of factors will actually decrease productivity and output. In this case, the children of the younger generation are not interested in the agricultural sector because of the large capital and the unsatisfactory results. This process causes losses in the agricultural process (Herlina, 2014).

The children of farmer families in Desa
Karangmalang are the birth of the younger generation, they are the families of farmers who are not interested in agricultural livelihoods. Children of the younger generation are more interested in having a livelihood with a clear income to meet their needs in a fast period of time. Online or offline entrepreneurship and factory workers are considered as the answer to solving the income problems of children in Karangmalang Village, especially to encourage economic growth and technological development (Dissanayake, 2013;Sondari, 2014). Economic and technological growth encourages the children of the younger generations of Karangmalang Village to immediately get income for a certain period of time, namely daily, weekly to monthly.
The factors of changes livelihoods that occurred in Desa Karangmalang, occurs due to the modernization and globalization process, there is no human being who does not experience a change. Modernization is living in accordance with the current conditions. Modernization can be realized if society has individuals who have modern attitudes. According to Alex Inkeles, the characteristics of modernization are; have an open attitude to accept new things changes, respect time, and keep up with science and technology (Muhasim, 2019). This is a traditional change process towards a modern one, in a more advanced (linear) era. This modernization occurs because of the global process of globalization, making it easier for people to get information and share with others. The process of globalization is not only influenced by the global community, local communities also participate in providing social change through globalization.
Globalization is seen from a particular dimension, not universal. Because according to Anna Tsing, he sees globalization in terms of what is local, not global. Globalization is seen from a particular dimension, not universal. The contribution of local actors influences the globalization process. Not only seeing global actors spreading globalization to the local, but seeing local actors participating in global projects. So that local actors have a role in getting the convenience of global information and technology. (Azkia et al., 2019).
This ease of information affects the decay of polite character among children of the younger generation and the lack of family attention to children's attitudes and behavior is also due to the negative influence caused by social media. The problem occurs because changes to technology and information categorize the role of family and social media in shaping the character of young generation children to change the world of work (Hidar Amaruddin, Hamdan Tri Atmaja, 2020).
One of the characteristics of globalization is the advancement of communication and information technology. This technological advancement gave birth to changes in the social behavior of young generais in schools. The social behavior of young generais in the era of globalization in schools, including appearance, how to communicate and socialize with teenagers at school. This change affects the mindset and characteristics of generation Z children to change the direction of the world of work that is progressive and promising in terms of income to meet their daily needs. The characteristics of the children of the younger generation are supported by the ease of getting information with the current state of technology (Krisnaningrum & Atmaja, 2017) The ease of obtaining this information changes the mindset of the children of Desa Karangmalang, to choose a livelihood other than agriculture, which is what causes the children of Desa Karangmalang to not be interested in agricultural livelihoods. Modernization and globalization are factors that change the mindset of the children of Desa Karangmalang towards changes of agricultural livelihood choices. The point of view of the children of Desa Karangmalang that is experiencing changes is one of the natural processes of social change in the era of globalization. Especially for children in the generation born in the era of globalization following the process of sophisticated technology. The process of globalization gave birth to a new generation, called generation Z, this generation of children who are accustomed to the sophistication of technology and communication. However, Generation Z children are ready to change their livelihood world. Generation Z is the generation of children born in approximately 1995-2012, while their parents were born in the year 1965-1979 or called generation X. These two generations clearly have differences, seen from their birth generation and their habits in carrying out daily activities (Stilman, 2017).
Generation X, who is familiar and ingrained with the agricultural sector, is able to carry out agricultural activities, because there is socialization and agricultural values that are given. These values are customary in agricultural processing activities. The planting process, maintenance, until the harvest period and after harvest. Meanwhile, generation Z children who were not given socialization eventually lost the inheritance process and were replaced with an attractive livelihood and earning faster income in accordance with the current situation.
Another factor that causes Generation Z children are not interested in choosing agricultural livelihoods because the activities usually carried out by farmers are very much influenced by the availability of raw materials and the ability to farm is a side business, especially for poor farmers to get additional income. Besides that, the agricultural sector is still an important source of income for rural communities in general (Rosana, 2011). The changes of Livelihood or commonly called job changes is a shift or change in the main work done by humans to live and the available resources to build a satisfying life (increase in standard of living). This change in livelihoods is marked by a change in people's orientation regarding livelihoods in Indonesia, which generally originates from the agricultural sector (Prambudi, 2010). Changes have occurred in the children of generation Z in Desa Karangmalang who have changed their world of work in the industrial sector, even though the farmer family maintains the farmer's livelihood, but the children of generation Z in Karangmalang Village still want to change their livelihoods (Nurniaty & Jamil, 2019).
Observation results on the shift in the livelihood choices of generation Z children of farmer families in Desa Karangmalang, Mijen, Semarang, it was found that many parents of farmer families still maintained agricultural livelihoods, while children of farmer families were not interested in agricultural livelihoods. Prices and agricultural production are not stable so that it affects farmers' income. Generation Z children of the Karangmalang Village Farmers family can see more promising job opportunities from farming so that there is a shift in the change of farmers to other livelihoods with satisfying income.
Departing from this thought, the author raises the title about the changes of livelihood choices for generation Z children and the impact of social change on farmer families in Desa Karangmalang. The main issues raised are: (1) The factors of shifting the livelihood choices of generation Z children of farmer families in Desa Karangmalang and externally; (2) agricultural system practices in Desa Karangmalang with a changes of livelihood choices for generation Z children of farmer families.
The purpose of this paper is to determine the shift in the livelihood choices of generation Z children of farmer families towards the desired livelihood problems and, besides that this research also to develop a social science education curriculum. In addition, this research is a form of renewal of the problem of shifting livelihood choices towards the birth force of working age children, namely generation Z. The benefit of this research is that it can provide input to the social science education curriculum which experiences developments and changes every day.

METHODS
This research uses qualitative research with a case study approach. Qualitative data is obtained through in-depth interviews and observation participation. The sources of research data that can be explored through informants. The informants referred to in this study are children of generation Z and the families of farmer in Desa Karangmalang.
Qualitative data is obtained through indepth interviews and observation participation. The sources of research data that can be explored through informants. The informants referred to in this study are children of generation Z and the families of Desa Karangmalang Farmers. The data collected will be analyzed using qualitative analysis, namely data collection in this study using observation techniques, interviews, documentation studies, field notes, data analysis techniques used are data reduction, data presentation (data display), and drawing conclusions. (conclusion drawing verification) by describing the results of research in the form of words or sentences so that researchers describe in depth the results of the research in accordance with the actual conditions that occur in the field.
The cases examined in this study are directed to reveal an event that occurred in Desa Karangmalang, Mijen. This research was conducted by observing participation. The case study was chosen because it was to understand the behavior of generation Z children who were photographed through field research, so that they could find in-depth knowledge regarding the shifting of livelihoods in Desa Karangmalang.

The Factor of Changes in Livelihood Choices for Generation Z on Farmer Families
The factors of changes livelihood choices for generation Z children are form of generation Z children's knowledge of the farmer's sector and family, the economic value of the farmer family towards generation Z children, and the social status of generation Z children as the children of a farmer. This factor is motivated by the sophistication of information and technology.
The first factor is generation Z Children's knowledge of farmers' livelihoods The meaning that is interpreted from the experience of the incidents of generation Z children in Desa Karangmalang has shifted because according to generation Z children of Desa Karangmalang, the livelihood of farmers is hard and hot work and the results are unsatisfactory. Farmers tend to be poor and looked down upon.
However, the children of generation Z in Desa Karangmalang are still grateful and consider the livelihood of the farmers to be good. Their disinterest in the livelihoods of farmers because generation Z children want to change the characteristics of a better working world with a satisfactory income. The goal of generation Z children is not to choose farmer livelihoods, that is, they want to elevate their parents as farmers in order to have prosperity. This reason is because the children of generation Z in Karangmalang Village do not want to become farmers like their parents, as farmers, want to have success, they have aspired to have better livelihoods, so that they can raise the status of their parents.
The second factor is economic value of Family Farmers towards Z generation children. Farm family life is motivated by less economic welfare. as farmers they must have large capital to work on their agricultural land, the results of agriculture are often unsatisfactory. This is what causes the economic value of the farming family to be less and as a result the farmers do not have welfare in meeting economic needs. Generation Z children have a high need, because in addition to meeting their primary and secondary needs, Generation Z children need new things they want, namely gadgets and vehicles. To support the life of the farmer family, they have experienced difficulties coupled with the demands of the consumptive generation Z children to fulfill the satisfaction and pleasure they want.
The third factor is social status of the children of Generation Z farming families. Generation Z children of Desa Karangmalang have high hopes of choosing a livelihood other than farmers. Characteristics of Generation Z children are changing the world of work. The assumption that the child of farmers is low changes generation Z children of Desa Karangmalang to change their social status so that they are not like their parents, namely farmers. A person's assumption of social status in general is a relationship with other people, his / her social environment, prestige, and rights and obligations (Ellyn Patadungan, Purwanto, A, 2020).
Generation Z children consider peasants' livelihoods a noble job. Even though they consider farmers to have low social status, behind it all the children of generation Z in Desa Karangmalang want to elevate their parents' status so that they have a suitable job to fulfill their needs. Nothing has not changed, the children of Desa Karangmalang have begun to think that their livelihoods are not in accordance with their wishes, change has a role to change generation Z children of Desa Karangmalang to have better jobs than farmers. if they have a steady job with clear and sufficient income, he thinks it is enough to buy the desired item.

The Impact of Social Change Farmer Family On Generation Z
The Impact of Social Change in farming families is influenced by social changes in the form of technological advances and information from their children born in 1995-2012, who use and follow the development of sophisticated technology and information. This social change is the background for the factors of generation Z children of Desa Karangmalang who are not interested in agricultural livelihoods. As a result, they are affected by the globalization era, which has changed the mindset of generation Z children of farmer families.
Another impact of social change farmer family in Desa Karangmalang is that the community has a consumerist nature, namely the desire to have the desired object but not a basic or primary need. The emergence of this consumerism is motivated by the lifestyle of the people of Desa Karangmalang towards the sophistication of technology and information that is easy to obtain and share. In the end, the habits of city people who like to spend money to shop are satisfying their needs.

Impact of Social and Cultural Change
The impact of socio-cultural change occurs without reason, because change is inevitable. Changes occur in the farming family community in Desa Karangmalang. Socio-culture forms the people of Karangmalang Desa to live according to current conditions. The situation has changed the community of Desa Karangmalang with the emergence of consumerism, they have agricultural land in the form of rice fields which are assets or physical savings in the form of agricultural land. Agricultural land in the form of rice fields owned by the people of Desa Karangmalang is eventually sold to meet secondary and tertiary needs, they use and sell their rice fields to enjoy luxury in the end they do not have agricultural land. The proceeds from the sale of agricultural land are used by the people of Desa Karangmalang to renovate houses and buy new cars, motorbikes, and even gadgets.
The people of Desa Karangmalang, whose livelihoods are farmers, have agricultural land that they own to mortgage their letters or certificates at the bank, as collateral for loan money for business capital. This is done by most people of Desa Karangmalang who want to change their livelihoods from farmers to traders. Those who borrow money at the bank have a high risk, namely being in debt, especially having to make monthly installments. But in reality, many people in Desa Karangmalang are unable to pay off bank loans as business capital, because their businesses are bankrupt. In the end, the paddy fields that are owned are auctioned by the bank and will later be sold as redemption to pay off the debt at the Bank.

Impact of Economic Change
The people of Desa Karangmalang whose livelihoods are farmers have agricultural land that they own to mortgage their letters or certificates at the bank, as collateral for loan money for business capital. This is done by most people of Desa Karangmalang who want to change their livelihoods from farmers to traders. Those who borrow money at the bank have a high risk, namely being in debt, especially having to make monthly installments. But in reality, many people in Desa Karangmalang are unable to pay off bank loans as business capital, because their businesses are bankrupt. In the end, the paddy fields that are owned are auctioned by the bank and will later be sold as redemption to pay off the debt at the Bank.
The impact of this economic change occurred in the area of Semarang, there was an interest in using land as an economic fulfillment factor, so that the land was built an apartment. The growth of the property market in the city of Semarang every year increases the land built in the Gajahmada area, Semarang, Kampung Petempen, and Kelelengan. The area is a densely populated settlement, now it has changed its function to trading services in the form of apartments. Factors of land-use change and socio-economic conditions around the apartment, namely strategic location (accessibility) and economic factors (income level). This provides an example that social change has an impact on changes in the community's economy to live in accordance with current conditions (Priambudi;& Pigawati, 2014).
The impact of economic changes in the farming family in Desa Karangmalang is influenced by income that is suitable for meeting needs. Income is very influential in improving the social status of the people of Desa Karangmalang to buy needs other than primary needs. Additional income is very important for farming families. Changes in Economic Conditions (Opportunities to Get Additional Money) and Provision of Needs for people who think they have the desired goods (L. A.Dewi, 2019).

CONCLUSION
Based on the results of research in Karangmalang Village regarding the shift in livelihood choices for generation Z children and social changes in the farming family, it can be concluded that: The factors behind the change in the choice of livelihoods of generation Z children, namely the factors of knowledge, economic value, and social status of generation Z children. These changes occur because of the sophistication of technology and information. The impact of this social change is influenced by the Z generation children on the farming family.
The impact of social change occurs on a consumptive lifestyle pattern. Meanwhile, when viewed from the impact of economic changes, generation Z children who are not interested in agricultural livelihoods, they cannot manage the agricultural land that their parents inherited by selling them to other communities.