Fight Narcotics with Community Strengthening : Crime Control Management by Community Policing

Drugs are the main enemy of nations in the world. Indonesia, it seems also has become a paradise for the generation of drugs. Various problems that occur in the community that can be resolved kinship will be resolved in RT Polmas assisted by community figures in the surrounding community. Thus, the empowerment of Polmas by Polrestabes Semarang city in the prevention of drug crime is crucial to be the main program Polrestabes Semarang city. The research location is in Polrestabes Semarang. This research emphasized that Policing Empowerment in Criminal Drugs Control is expected to provide active support to the Polmas to report it if there is any indication that the drug is involved in its territory and dare to disclose its circulation, arrest the dealer, the perpetrator and the producer. Cooperation and coordination and involvement of the above mentioned community participation must be optimally empowered, in order to support the success of the prevention of criminal acts of narcotics.


INTRODUCTION
AS a result of globalization, abuse and illicit trafficking of drugs in the city of Semarang up to now has been very alarming and very endanger the lives of people, especially the younger generation, whose estrangement threatens the life and future of the nation and state of Indonesia.Abuse of illicit drug trafficking in Semarang City is carried out with a high modus operandi, advanced technology, supported by an extensive organizational network and has expanded to all lines, all professions regardless of age and gender, social status, citizenship, religion, in all places ranging from public places such as in villages, in markets, installs, in stores, in hotels, in entertainment venues, in offices, on campuses, in schools, even in prisons and so on.In fact, the facts show that the prisons of Penitentiary have functioned as an institution where they promote the distribution and abuse of Drugs is only http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jilsmore concerned about the existence of residents who have been sentenced to death but can freely control the drug business from prison (Krisiandi 2017).
It can be seen the high handling of cases of abuse and illicit drug trafficking in Polrestabes Semarang has been increasing for the last 5 (five) years since 2013 until 2017.Data handling cases of abuse and illicit drug trafficking in Polrestabes Semarang can be seen in Table 1 Table 1 Data of Drug Cases (2013)(2014)(2015)(2016)(2017) 1 above shows that the crime of abuse and illicit drug trafficking from year to year has increased significantly.This condition proves that the dangers of drug abuse and illicit trafficking have been very crucial and this requires a countermeasure involving all elements of the nation.Increased control and supervision as an effort to reduce the circulation of drugs, is necessary because the circulation of drugs in general is not done by individuals on a stand-alone basis, but done jointly even done by the syndicate that is organized in a steady, neat and very secret (Partidihardjo 2006: 15).
Implementation of supervisory duty on illicit drug trafficking is needed joint effort between law enforcement apparatus and all society elememt.The large amount of Drug abuse needs to get more attention, especially in the case of drug abuse prevention.The number of Drug abuse must be minimized so that the problem of Drug Abuse is not widespread.Efforts to overcome the abuse of drug trafficking is a shared responsibility between family, community and government (Agustino 2008: 7).
Seeing the abuse and illicit trafficking of drugs that are increasingly widespread and endangering the nation and state, the government has made Law no.function without any connection with the other.Then the changes that occur in one part will cause an imbalance and in turn will create changes in other parts.The development of functionalism is based on a model of development of organizational systems that can be in biology, the basic assumption of this theory is that all elements must function or functional so that people can perform its functions properly (Parsons, 2015;Parsons and Shils 2001) The theory of structural functionalism is a theoretical building of the greatest influence in the social sciences of the present century.Functional structural thinking is strongly influenced by biological thinking that considers society as a biological organism that consists of interdependent organs, the dependence is the result or consequence for the organism to survive.Similar to other approaches this functional structural approach also aims to achieve social order (Holmwood 2004;Craib 2015;Shafritz, Ott, and Jan 2015).
Understanding Gerhard explains that Talcott Parson caused controversy over his approach to functionalism.Parson has maintained functionalism for more than two and a half centuries since he published The Structure of Social Action in 1937.His work, Parson builds his sociological theory through analytical realism, meaning that sociological theory must use certain concepts sufficient to cover the world outside.(Gerhard 2005: 62).
Talcott Parson's functionalist theory is not responsible for concrete phenomena, but to the elements within which are analytically separable from other elements.Therefore, theory must involve the development of concepts summarized from empirical reality, of course, with all the diversity and confusion that accompany it.In this way, the concept will isolate the inherent phenomenon of complex relationships that build social reality.The uniqueness of Parson's analytic realism lies in the emphasis on how this abstract concept is used in sociological analysis.So that in can is a concept organization in the form of an analytical system that covers the world's problems without being distracted by the empirical details. (Holmwood 2004: 92).
Richard Grathoff mentions that society is integrated on the basis of agreement of its members on certain social values that have the ability to overcome differences so that the society is seen as a system that is functionally integrated in a balance.Thus society is a collection of social systems of one another interconnected and interdependent (Grathoff 2000: 67-87).
George Ritzer and Douglas J. Goodman mentioned that there are four absolute requirements that must exist in order to include society to function.The four requirements are called AGIL, namely Adaption, Goal, Attainment, Integration, and Latency (AGIL).For the sake of its survival, the community must perform the functions of AGIL, namely: http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jilsa. Adaptation (adaptation) is a system must cope with the external situation is critical.The system must adapt to the environment and adapt it to its needs.b.The goal attainment, ie a system must define and achieve its ultimate goal.c.Integration (integration), which is a system must regulate the interrelationship of parts that become components.The system must also manage interrelationships among the other three important functions.d.Maintenance of patterns (latency), ie equip, maintain and creating and sustaining motivation (Ritzer and Goodman 2010: 118).
Parsons finds the answer to the problem of structural functionalism with the assumption as George Ritzer puts it: a.The system has a regularity property and interdependent parts.b.The system tends to move in the direction of maintaining personal order or balance.c.The system may be static or move in a regular process of change.d.The nature of parts of a system affect the shape of other parts.e.The system maintains boundaries with its environment.f.Allocation and integration are two fundamental processes necessary to maintain the balance of the system g.The system tends to lead to the maintenance of self-balance which includes maintaining the boundaries and maintaining the relationship between the parts with the whole system, controlling the different environments and controlling the tendency to change the system from within (Ritzer 2010: 123).Individual human action is also determined by its subjective orientation, that is, in the form of motivational orientation and value orientation which in realization can be various because of the elements as mentioned above.Structural Functionalism Theory is something urgent and very useful in a study of social problem analysis.Parsons states that he treats the system structure as a problem and also as a tool of change, however, he believes that this change occurs in a relatively smooth manner (Cuff 1984).
Individuals in interactions with changing situations can adapt through the process of role bargaining.Once their role is established, they create norms that guide further action and thus become customs that create the stability of social interaction.Where the adaptation process cannot be adjusted, due to sharp shocks or direct radical changes, structural dissolution will occur and new structures are formed.This model of social change has been described as moving equilibrium, and emphasizes the wishes of the general public.Classification, namely: a. Professional crime that is a crime committed as a permanent livelihood and has certain expertise for the profession.For example: signature forgery, money counterfeiting, and pickpocketing.b.Organized crime that is an organized crime.For example: illicit drug trafficking, extortion, wild gambling, and prostitution.c.Occupational crime that is is a crime because of the opportunity.For example: burglary in homes, theft of clotheslines, ill-treatment, and others (Arief 2004: 12).
Crime is an effort to overcome the crime is a reaction given to the perpetrators of crime, in the form of penal or non-penal, which can be integrated with each other.If a criminal facility is called to combat crime, then a criminal law will be enforced, namely electing to achieve the results of criminal legislation in accordance with circumstances and situations at a time and for the future (Soekanto 2004: 5).
According to Ali Masyhar states that crime is an anti-social phenomenon that must be eradicated, for the smooth life of society.Evil exists and will always exist in society, taking place in every space, place, time and nation, and it is a phenomenon of human life.Throughout the ages, evil is the oldest community problem.Therefore, all that can be done is to prevent and reduce crime in the community.Because evil always existed and evolved to accompany the community along with the progress of society's culture.The former crime known only as the warungan model, has now turned into modern crimes.Even now with the development of cyberspace arises also cybercrimes that have not been reached by positive law today (Masyhar 2008: 67).
It is further argued that the main cause of crime in many countries is due to social inequality, racial discrimination and national discrimination, low standard of living, unemployment and illiteracy among the large population (Masyhar 2008: 68).
Barda Nawawi Arief stated that the factors that actually want to be eliminated before combating the crime with penal law.This is due to the ultimum remedium function of the criminal law itself.Only after other efforts (non-penal) cannot cope, then the criminal law will be used.If criminal justice policy is only charged by criminal law, then the cause will not be touched.Moreover, actually the criminal law has limitations (Masyhar 2008: 68-69), as follow.The policy of crime prevention by non-penal means only involves the use of social means to improve certain social conditions, but indirectly affecting the prevention of crime (Arief 2004: 19).
Criminal law enforcement is an attempt to translate and manifest the wishes of criminal law into reality, namely Van Hammel's criminal law is the whole basis and rules adopted by the state in its obligation to enforce the law, namely by prohibiting what is contrary to the law (On Recht) and wearing misery to those who violate the prohibition (Sudarto 1986: 60).
According Soerjono Soekanto law enforcement does not merely mean the implementation of legislation.Although in reality in Indonesia the tendency is so, so the definition of law enforcement is so popular.There is even a tendency to interpret law enforcement as the executor of court decisions.This narrow understanding clearly contains weaknesses, because the implementation of legislation or judicial decisions can happen even disturb the peace in the social life of society (Soekanto 2004: 5).
Talking about criminal law enforcement is not only how to make the law itself, but also about what law enforcement agencies do in anticipating and overcoming problems in law enforcement.Therefore, in dealing with problems in criminal law enforcement that occur in society can be done penal (penal law) and non-penal (without using criminal law) (Muladi 2010: 14).
http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jilsCRIME PREVENTION BY USING CRIMINAL LAW THE law cannot be self-perpetuating, meaning that it is unable to manifest itself the promises and wills set forth in the (regulations) of the law.Such promises and intentions, for example, are to give a person the right to provide protection to a person to impose a penalty on a person who meets certain conditions and so forth (Rahardjo 2001: 14).
Law enforcement can be done by humans, where because law enforcement is done and aimed at human behavior it is necessary to know how human behavior is.Human behavior is tied to a variety of things, a benchmark that exists beyond that person.The bond is so that it cannot ignore it in other words in its behavior in one's society will be oriented to the various things and benchmarks mentioned above.So it is difficult to accept that the behavior of people in society is free, but on the contrary that is disciplined by the restrictions mentioned above.So, humans do can be said because of the ties and responses of the environment (Marpaung 2009: 32).
The criminal law provides the understanding that man commits a criminal act because of himself and this concept is embraced by the flow of the theory of absolute punishment or the theory of retaliation, or a person commits a criminal act because of himself that is influenced by outside himself as well and this concept is embraced by the flow of theory of punishment relative or objective theories (Muladi and Arief 1998).So in the criminal act of mass, it can be seen that the criminal acts committed due to various facts that affect among the economic, political, legal, socio-cultural, and others.So we cannot deny that the mass committed criminal acts because of the influence that exists outside of itself is due to the environment.So in handling is not seen only to what is violated and why he violated but also how prevention efforts either in general or in particular (Muladi 2002: 42).
Criminal remedies using criminal sanctions are the oldest way, as old as human civilization itself, to the present time criminal law is still used and counted as one of the means of criminal politics (Muladi and Arif 1998).Khazawi explains as the reality that the mass criminal act also uses criminal law in an effort to overcome it because it is the problem that becomes its authority.However, as long as the criminal law is used so far, criminal law cannot overcome itself because criminal law has limited ability to overcome crime.
Sudarto states that since crime is caused by a very complex cause and is beyond the scope of the criminal law, it is natural that criminal law has limited ability to overcome it and according to which the use of criminal law is a symptom of a kurieren am symptom why.So the limitation of criminal law has been caused by the nature and function of the criminal law itself, because criminal law sanction is not a remedium to overcome disease causes, but simply to overcome the symptoms of disease.In other http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jilswords, criminal penal sanction is not a causative treatment but merely symptomatic treatment and with symptomatic treatment of criminal sanction still contains many weaknesses, so it is always questioned its effectiveness (Sudarto 1986: 33).
So because it is necessary to combine crime effort in an integral both from the side of humanity and from the social side, the efforts to overcome the crime can be pursued by application of criminal law, prevention without criminal, and also influencing people's views on crime and punishment through mass media (Arief: 1998).

POLMAS EMPOWERMENT on RESPONDING NARCOTICS CRIME: A STUDY of HUMAN RESOURCE
PROFESSIONALISME on MEMBER of POLMAS on POLRESTABES SEMARANG THE successful implementation of community policing programs is dependent on police and residents understanding the needs of their communities.Differences between resident and police perceptions can affect the success of crime prevention strategies.Much neighborhood research highlights residents' perceptions of their neighborhoods; the perceptions of police officers are often not taken into account (Stein et.al. 2017; Schanzer 2016; Boettke 2016), and the it emphasized that empowerment of Polmas in the prevention of crime Drug Polrestabes Semarang based on the aspect of human resource professionalism of members of Polmas, the Author underlined the situation of Polrestabes Semarang as important information material covering organizational structure, vision and mission, priority target in carrying out the vision and mission.
Globally, police forces are under pressure to identify and create effective ways to meet an increased demand for their services.At the same time, as quality of life has improved, the desire to seek a democratic and courteous police service has also increased.Rising crime rates, combined with the fluidity of crime across borders, have made policing more difficult (Pepinsky 1989;Ren et al. 2006;Choi and Lee 2016).So, the community policing provide another perspective on solving the criminal problems, as well as in drug crimes.
The condition of Police, in some cases showed the negative perceptions from society.This condition as emphasized that despite Indonesia's police force being the fifth largest in the world, only a handful of academic publications have been dedicated to this key institution (e.g.Meliala 2002; Davies andButtle 2014, Muradi 2014).As such, while it is widely acknowledged that Indonesia's police force is one of the most brutal, corrupt and ineffective globally, little research is available to shed insight into such police shortcomings (International Crisis Group 2012).http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jilsStrengthen this fact, Meutia (2016) emphasized that policing style can be reckoned as sophisticated as long as it avoids the idea of generalizing about people or applying general assumptions to any particular individual.In 2004, Adrianus Meliala raised concerns on the research question about "What is sensitive policing and how does it work in theory?".This is followed by "To what extent is sensitive policing a feature of existing policing practice in Indonesia National Police and what are the problems and prospects associated with the introduction of such a model of policing in Indonesia?".This research took place during a period of reform and political tension in Indonesia.While political activity and aspirations of democracy had been widespread during this time, the police force and its policing activity had also changed.The public also had looked for an identity changing in the Indonesian police, which had been the object of both scrutiny and expectation.This previous research provide discussion analysis on a never-ending debate between the conventional policing style (and its roots) and community-oriented style with another form of policing that could be regarded as "middle way"; called sensitive policing.The results were complex that in one way, many sensitivity-related policies, either in the form of rights or procedures, had been announced.However, insensitivity, in a broad sense, could also be seen.Despite this, the need to be responsive to meet public demand (as a prerequisite for sensitive policing) seemed growing consideration.
In Indonesia, community policing is being implemented since Indonesian Police Chief Legal Letter No.In 2011, as many as 347.605 cases were recorded, then they declined to as many as 341.159 cases in 2012 but increased in 2013 recording 342.084 cases that means one crime occurred every one minutes 32 seconds in Indonesia at this time.Thus, effective implementation of community policing is urgently needed.Indonesia surely was taking some parts on Japanese community policing system as references for improving its implementation (Meutia 2016).
Furthermore, it is important to know the quality and effectiveness of structure itself, which the organizational structure, the Indonesian National Police, the Resort of the Big City, abbreviated as Polrestabes is the main implementing body of the regional Police domiciled under Kapolda.COMMUNITY policing developed in Indonesia is one of the strategies in anticipating the handling of crime by using the preemptive and preventive approach, but in its implementation has not been able to run as expected.This is indicated by the high number of national incidents related to the success rate of Community Policing.One of his tasks is to promote the achievement of Community Policing.
The task of Bhabinkamtibmas as the bearer of Polmas Functions that has been implemented in Semarang City such as a. carrying out community development, early detection, negotiation/mediation, identification, and documentation of community data at the place of assignment relating to Kamtibmas condition; b. carrying out guidance and counseling on the community or community in his assignment on Kamtibmas.One of them is counseling in schools ranging from PAUD, kindergarten, elementary, junior high, high school and public and private university/college related to all disorders Kantibmas like Drugs.c. carrying out communication and coordination with the community or community in its assignment on the maintenance of Kamtibmas; and conducting consultations and discussions with the community or community on the assignment site on Kamtibmas problem solving which includes: 1) Village Head / Village Head; 2) LMK / LMD; 3) community leaders; 4) religious leaders; 5) traditional leaders; 6) leaders of mass media; 7) intellectuals / academics; 8) leaders of NGOs / CBOs; 9) the leadership of youth organizations; and 10) leaders of women's organizations.But in the implementation is still not optimal.The not optimal implementation of Bhabinkamtibmas tasks at this time so that is one of the causes of the slow pace of achievement of Polmas as expected today.There are various weaknesses and obstacles Bhabinkamtibmas that exist today so Bhabinkamtibmas not able to carry out their duties maximally, whether it concerns the structural aspects, aspects of resources, budget aspects and cultural aspects.
http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jilsCONCLUSION IT can be concluded and highlighted that empowerment of Polmas in the prevention of crime Drug Polrestabes Semarang based on the aspect of professionalism of human resources of members of Polmas.The philosophical aspect of Pancasila, the first Sila, in this case Polmas empowerment is very concerned about the harmony of religious values that exist in society through partnership with the existing religious leaders of society.The second precept, Polmas empowerment in this case is the embodiment of human values, in realizing security and peace together which have equality, rights and obligations, and uphold the dignity of human beings.The third precept, in this case the empowerment of Polmas in partnership in starting to detect early potential problems up to solve the problems as fair as fair which is poured in a press agreement.The fourth precept, in this case the empowerment of Polmas has the meaning that prioritizes deliberation in making decisions for the common good, respects every decision of deliberation, the decisions taken can be accounted morally to God Almighty, uphold human dignity, justice puts together unity and unity for the common good.The fifth precept, in this case the empowerment of Polmas gives a sense of justice for the whole community in every peace agreement in every solution of the problems that occur in society.
The sociological aspect that the cultural roots of Indonesian society are oriented towards family values and promotes the principle of consensus mufakat according to local wisdom.Polmas empowerment through partnership with all elements and community communities in problem solving always put forward the principle of consensus deliberation.Judicial aspect that the empowerment of Polmas in accordance with the legislation in the country of Indonesia as stipulated in the Constitution of 1945, Law No.8 is still not optimal Polmas empowerment in the prevention of crime Drug Polrestabes Semarang aspects of human resources (HR) members of Polmas.The influence of strategic environmental factors both globally, regionally and nationally as well as the opportunities and obstacles that are significant for the cooperation of Polmas Stakeholders in overcoming the criminal acts of Drugs.
The ideal structure and function for Polrestabes Polrestabes Semarang to maximize the prevention of drug crime in Semarang City is synergize the organizational structure of Polrestabes Semarang at Urban Police level in charge of Bhabinkamtibmas as Polmas officer with the structure of Sub-district organization up to the level of Kelurahan responsible to the level RT as the lowest community where the RT member of Polmas RT becomes the Polri network in detecting early every potential of Kamtibmas disruption, so that Polmas Empowerment in overcoming drug crime can improve discipline and also aware of law as well as community participation.
35 of 2009 on Narcotics as a substitute of Law No.22 of 1997.Because it is not in accordance with the development of the situation and conditions that exist.In order to prevent, eradication of abuse and illicit trafficking Drugs are needed the role of law enforcement, government and all elements of society.The public has the widest opportunity to participate in the prevention and eradication of the illicit abuse and trafficking of narcotics and Narcotics Precursor (Article 104 of Law No. 35 of 2009).Communities have equal rights and responsibilities in the effort to prevent and combat the misuse and illicit trafficking of narcotics and Narcotics Precursor as described in Article 105 of Law Number 35 Year 2009.Article 105 regulates the participation of the community.The Police of the Republic of Indonesia or the Police as stated in Law Number 2 of 2002 regarding the State Police of the Republic of Indonesia which states http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jils that the Police of the Republic of Indonesia aims to realize the internal security which includes maintaining the security and public order, orderliness and law enforcement, the protection, community service, and the establishment of the peace of society by upholding human rights.Law Number 32 Year 2004 regarding Regional Government, states that all development activities in the region should prioritize the interests of state defense.This means that development in the region should be implemented with reference to the national stability policy of the nation's prevailing policies.Police Regulation No. 3 of 2015 on Community Policing or Police, Police in the implementation of Polmas through various means of internal conditions (cooperation and coordination of all Polri working units) and external (community/community elements).Crime Drug Enforcement in Semarang City, Polrestabes Semarang, as implicated by National Police Regulation No. 3 of 2015 has empowered Polmas through the implementation of Polmas implementation which includes Polri partnership and community in various activities ranging from coaching Pamswakarsa Siskamling or ronda kampung, ronda area/settlement, Guidance Counseling, Supeltas, PKS in Schools, Scouting Saka Bhayangkara, FKPM Development (Police and Community Partnership Forum), guidance and counseling of Kamtibmas to the community, Religious Leaders, Community Leaders, Indigenous People, Youth Leaders, community communities, dialogue patrols to the community as well as through community service in all police functions as well as in the form of cooperation in the form of MoU with various government and private agencies.Polmas empowerment in accordance with its structure and function in Semarang city, if implemented optimally will be able to overcome all disorders of Kamtibmas including the criminal acts of Drugs.Polrestabes Semarang in implementing the Police Chief policy to empower the Polmas in realizing the conducive Kamtibmas situation, which is intended to be a solution in accelerating the transformation of information to Polri members at the outpost so that the constraint of delay in handling a problem in society can be minimized, not yet running optimally.Similarly with the prevention of Drug Crime Polrestabes Semarang, should be addressed through the empowerment of Polmas but until the implementation of this research the prevention of Crime Drugs on Polrestabes Semarang not yet optimal.STRUCTURAL THEORY of FUNCTIONALISM on EMPOWERING COMMUNITY for POLMAS STRUCTURAL functional theory whose originator is Talcott Parson.The basic assumption of Structural Functionalism Theory, one of the ideals or perspectives in sociology which regard society as a system consisting of parts that are interconnected with one another and one part cannot http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jils http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jilsDIMENSION of CRIME CONTROL in CRIMINAL LAW ENFORCEMENT THE classification of crime is based on the existence of crime classes.The crime classes are distinguished according to the process of causing the crime, the manner of committing the crime, the techniques and its organization and the incidence of groups having certain values in the class.
http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jilsa.The use of criminal law in tackling crime is only a kurieren am symptom therefore criminal law is only a symptomatic treatment and not a causative treatment.b.Criminal sanctions are remedium containing contradictory / paradoxical properties and contain negative elements and side effects.c.The punishment system is fragmentary and individual / personal, not structural / functional.d.Limitations of the types of criminal sanctions and the criminal and imperative formulation of criminal sanctions.e.The operation / functioning of the criminal law requires a variety of support facilities and high cost demands.The use of criminal law is a remedy for a symptom rather than a solution by eliminating its causes in other words criminal penal sanction is not a causative treatment but merely symptomatic treatment.Crime countermeasures (criminal politics) can use two means: a. Penal Policy with Penal Facility The penalty means crime prevention by using criminal law in which there are two central issues, namely what actions should be criminalized and what sanctions should be used or imposed on offenders.b.Criminal policy by means of Non Penal Pol.: Skep/737/X/2005, October 13, 2005 about Community Policing Implementation Policy and Strategy in Police Function.According to Indonesian Central Agency of Statistics, in 2011-2013, the number of criminal act or incidents of crime in Indonesia fluctuated.
Based on Article 5 of Regulation of the Head of State Police of the Republic of Indonesia Number 23 Year 2010 concerning Organizational Structure and Administration at Resort Police Level and Police Sector, Polres has the duties of Polri in maintaining security and public order, enforcing the law and providing protection, service to the community and carry out other Polri duties within the district police area, in accordance with the provisions of the law.http://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/index.php/jilsTHE FUNCTION of BHABINKAMTIBMAS in POLMAS EMPOWERMENT